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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>377265</law_id><section_number>8.01-40</section_number><catch_line>Unauthorized use of name or picture of any person; punitive damages; statute of limitations</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2026/" slug="2026" current="TRUE" last_updated="2026-08-02">2026</edition><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="12" identifier="8.01">Civil Remedies and Procedure</unit><unit label="chapter" level="2" order_by="5" identifier="3">Actions</unit><unit label="article" level="3" order_by="3" identifier="3">Injury to Person or Property</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> Any <span class="dictionary">person</span> whose name, portrait, or picture is used without having first obtained the written consent of such <span class="dictionary">person</span>, or if dead, of the surviving consort and if none, of the next of kin, or if a <span class="dictionary">minor</span>, the written consent of his or her parent or guardian, for advertising purposes or for the purposes of trade, such <span class="dictionary">persons</span> may maintain a <span class="dictionary">suit</span> in <span class="dictionary">equity</span> against the <span class="dictionary">person</span>, firm, or corporation so using such <span class="dictionary">person</span>&#x2019;s name, portrait, or picture to prevent and restrain the use thereof; and may also sue and recover <span class="dictionary">damages</span> for any injuries sustained by reason of such use. And if the <span class="dictionary">defendant</span> shall have knowingly used such <span class="dictionary">person</span>&#x2019;s name, portrait or picture in such manner as is forbidden or declared to be unlawful by this chapter, the <span class="dictionary">jury</span>, in its discretion, may award punitive <span class="dictionary">damages</span>. <a id="paragraph-1407986" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.01-40/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> No <span class="dictionary">action</span> shall be commenced under this section more than 20 years after the death of such <span class="dictionary">person</span>. <a id="paragraph-1407987" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.01-40/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>Code 1950, &#xA7; 8-650; 1977, c. 617; 2015, c. 710.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
