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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>367327</law_id><section_number>51.5-46</section_number><catch_line>Remedies</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2026/" slug="2026" current="TRUE" last_updated="2026-08-02">2026</edition><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="111" identifier="51.5">Persons With Disabilities</unit><unit label="chapter" level="2" order_by="2" identifier="9">Rights of Persons With Disabilities</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> Any <span class="dictionary">circuit</span> <span class="dictionary">court</span> having <span class="dictionary">jurisdiction</span> and <span class="dictionary">venue</span> pursuant to Title 8.01, on the <span class="dictionary">petition</span> of any <span class="dictionary">person with a disability</span>, shall have the right to enjoin the abridgement of rights set forth in this chapter and to <span class="dictionary">order</span> such affirmative <span class="dictionary">equitable</span> relief as is appropriate and to award compensatory <span class="dictionary">damages</span> and to award to a prevailing <span class="dictionary">party</span> reasonable attorney fees, except that a <span class="dictionary">defendant</span> shall not be entitled to an award of attorney fees unless the <span class="dictionary">court</span> finds that the claim was frivolous, unreasonable or groundless, or brought in bad faith. Compensatory <span class="dictionary">damages</span> shall not include <span class="dictionary">damages</span> for pain and suffering. Punitive <span class="dictionary">damages</span> shall not be awarded. <a id="paragraph-1367652" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/51.5-46/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> An action may be commenced pursuant to this section any time within one year of the occurrence of any violation of rights under this chapter. However, such action shall be forever barred unless such claimant or his agent, attorney or representative has commenced such action or has filed by registered mail a written statement of the nature of the claim with the potential <span class="dictionary">defendant</span> or <span class="dictionary">defendants</span> within 180 days of the occurrence of the alleged violation. Any liability for back pay shall not accrue from a date more than 180 days prior to the filing of the notice or the initial pleading in such <span class="dictionary">civil action</span> and shall be limited to a total of 180 days, reduced by the amount of other earnings over the same period. The petitioner shall have a duty to mitigate <span class="dictionary">damages</span>. <a id="paragraph-1367653" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/51.5-46/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C"><p><span class="prefix-number">C.</span> The relief available for violations of this chapter shall be limited to the relief set forth in this section. <a id="paragraph-1367654" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/51.5-46/#C"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>1985, c. 421, &#xA7; 51.01-46; 1990, c. 458; 1992, c. 627; 2002, c. 572; 2005, c. 681; 2013, c. 571; 2015, c. 710.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
