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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>355248</law_id><section_number>23.1-228</section_number><catch_line>Violations; penalties; remedies</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2026/" slug="2026" current="TRUE" last_updated="2026-08-02">2026</edition><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="62" identifier="23.1">Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions</unit><unit label="subtitle" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="I">General Provisions</unit><unit label="chapter" level="3" order_by="2" identifier="2">State Council of Higher Education for Virginia</unit><unit label="article" level="4" order_by="4" identifier="3">Regulation of Certain Private and Out-of-State Institutions of Higher Education</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> Violations of this article or the <span class="dictionary">Council</span>&#x2019;s implementing regulations are punishable as a Class 1 <span class="dictionary">misdemeanor</span>. Each <span class="dictionary">degree</span>, <span class="dictionary">certificate</span>, <span class="dictionary">program</span>, academic <span class="dictionary">transcript</span>, or course of study offered, conferred, or used in violation of this article or the <span class="dictionary">Council</span>&#x2019;s regulations shall constitute a separate <span class="dictionary">offense</span>. <a id="paragraph-1322927" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/23.1-228/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> If no criminal <span class="dictionary">prosecution</span> is instituted against such <span class="dictionary">postsecondary school</span> pursuant to subsection A, the <span class="dictionary">Council</span> may recover a civil <span class="dictionary">penalty</span> of at least $200 but not more than $1,000 per separate <span class="dictionary">offense</span> set forth in subsection A. In no event shall the civil penalties against any one person, corporation, or other entity exceed $25,000 per year. <a id="paragraph-1322928" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/23.1-228/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C"><p><span class="prefix-number">C.</span> The <span class="dictionary">Council</span> may institute a proceeding in <span class="dictionary">equity</span> to enjoin any violation of this article or its implementing regulations and upon substantially prevailing on the merits of the case and unless special circumstances would render such an award unjust, the <span class="dictionary">Council</span> is entitled to an award of reasonable attorney fees and costs in any such action. <a id="paragraph-1322929" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/23.1-228/#C"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>Code 1950, &#xA7; 23-273; 1980, c. 658; 2002, c. 178, &#xA7; 23-276.12; 2006, c. 48; 2008, c. 856; 2016, c. 588.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
