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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>353071</law_id><section_number>2.2-4029</section_number><catch_line>Court judgments</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2026/" slug="2026" current="TRUE" last_updated="2026-08-02">2026</edition><referred_to_by><reference>2.2-4027</reference></referred_to_by><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="3" identifier="2.2">Administration of Government</unit><unit label="subtitle" level="2" order_by="2" identifier="II">Administration of State Government</unit><unit label="part" level="3" order_by="2" identifier="B">Transaction of Public Business</unit><unit label="chapter" level="4" order_by="5" identifier="40">Administrative Process Act</unit><unit label="article" level="5" order_by="5" identifier="5">Court Review</unit></structure><text>
						<section><p>Unless an error of law as defined in &#xA7;&#xA0;<a class="law" title="Issues on review" href="/2.2-4027/">2.2-4027</a> appears, the <span class="dictionary">court</span> shall dismiss the review action or <span class="dictionary">affirm</span> the agency <span class="dictionary">regulation</span> or decision. Otherwise, it may compel <span class="dictionary">agency action</span> unlawfully and arbitrarily withheld or unreasonably delayed except that the <span class="dictionary">court</span> shall not itself undertake to supply <span class="dictionary">agency action</span> committed by the <span class="dictionary">basic law</span> to the agency. Where a <span class="dictionary">regulation</span> or <span class="dictionary">case decision</span> is found by the <span class="dictionary">court</span> not to be in accordance with law under &#xA7;&#xA0;<a class="law" title="Issues on review" href="/2.2-4027/">2.2-4027</a>, the <span class="dictionary">court</span> shall suspend or set it aside and <span class="dictionary">remand</span> the matter to the agency for further proceedings, if any, as the <span class="dictionary">court</span> may permit or direct in accordance with law.</p></section></text><history>1975, c. 503, &#xA7; 9-6.14:19; 2001, c. 844.</history><metadata><court_decisions><item key="0"><name>Chesapeake Hospital Authority v. State Health Commissioner</name><case_number>201510</case_number><citation></citation><date>2022-05-19</date><url>https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/6469989/chesapeake-hospital-authority-v-state-health-commissioner/</url><abstract> .&#x202F;.&#x202F;. PRESENT: Goodwyn, C.J., Powell, Kelsey, McCullough, and Chafin, JJ., and Koontz, S.J. .&#x202F;.&#x202F;. </abstract><court_html><abbr title="Supreme Court of Virginia">SCV</abbr></court_html></item><item key="1"><name>NAACP (Hanover Chapter) v. Commonwealth of Virginia</name><case_number>0260222</case_number><citation></citation><date>2022-04-26</date><url>https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/6462773/naacp-hanover-chapter-v-commonwealth-of-virginia/</url><abstract> .&#x202F;.&#x202F;. VIRGINIA: .&#x202F;.&#x202F;. </abstract><court_html><abbr title="Court of Appeals">COA</abbr></court_html></item><item key="2"><name>Virginia Retirement System v. Cirillo</name><case_number>2119081</case_number><citation>676 S.E.2d 368</citation><date>2009-05-19</date><url>https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1062463/virginia-retirement-system-v-cirillo/</url><abstract> .&#x202F;.&#x202F;. 676 S.E.2d 368 (2009) .&#x202F;.&#x202F;. </abstract><court_html><abbr title="Court of Appeals">COA</abbr></court_html></item><item key="3"><name>Fernandez v. Commissioner of Highways (ORDER)</name><case_number>191056</case_number><citation></citation><date>2020-05-28</date><url>https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/4756759/fernandez-v-commissioner-of-highways-order/</url><abstract> .&#x202F;.&#x202F;. VIRGINIA: .&#x202F;.&#x202F;. </abstract><court_html><abbr title="Supreme Court of Virginia">SCV</abbr></court_html></item><item key="4"><name>Bowman Apple Products Co. v. Commonwealth</name><case_number>1977064</case_number><citation>650 S.E.2d 548</citation><date>2007-09-18</date><url>https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1062960/bowman-apple-products-co-v-commonwealth/</url><abstract> .&#x202F;.&#x202F;. 650 S.E.2d 548 (2007) .&#x202F;.&#x202F;. </abstract><court_html><abbr title="Court of Appeals">COA</abbr></court_html></item><item key="5"><name> .&#x202F;.&#x202F;. Muse Construction Group, Inc. v. Commonwealth of Virginia .&#x202F;.&#x202F;. </name><case_number>1134112</case_number><citation>61 Va. App. 125</citation><date>2012-11-13</date><url>https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1061528/muse-construction-group-inc-v-commonwealth-of-virginia-board-for/</url><abstract> .&#x202F;.&#x202F;. HUFF, J., with whom ELDER and BEALES, JJ., join, .&#x202F;.&#x202F;. </abstract><court_html><abbr title="Court of Appeals">COA</abbr></court_html></item><item key="6"><name>Virginia Retirement System v. Ricky A. Blair</name><case_number>1124141</case_number><citation>64 Va. App. 756</citation><date>2015-05-26</date><url>https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/2803212/virginia-retirement-system-v-ricky-a-blair/</url><abstract> .&#x202F;.&#x202F;. *760 .&#x202F;.&#x202F;. </abstract><court_html><abbr title="Court of Appeals">COA</abbr></court_html></item><item key="7"><name>Jones v. West</name><case_number>2144042</case_number><citation>616 S.E.2d 790</citation><date>2005-08-09</date><url>https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1063431/jones-v-west/</url><abstract> .&#x202F;.&#x202F;. JEAN HARRISON CLEMENTS, Judge. .&#x202F;.&#x202F;. </abstract><court_html><abbr title="Court of Appeals">COA</abbr></court_html></item><item key="8"><name>Citland, Ltd. v. Commonwealth Ex Rel. Kilgore</name><case_number>0608042</case_number><citation>610 S.E.2d 321</citation><date>2005-03-22</date><url>https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1063564/citland-ltd-v-commonwealth-ex-rel-kilgore/</url><abstract> .&#x202F;.&#x202F;. 610 S.E.2d 321 (2005) .&#x202F;.&#x202F;. </abstract><court_html><abbr title="Court of Appeals">COA</abbr></court_html></item><item key="9"><name>Virginia Marine Resources Commission v. Sarah Harrison</name><case_number>1316071</case_number><citation></citation><date>2008-05-20</date><url>https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1062769/virginia-marine-resources-commission-v-sarah-harri/</url><abstract> .&#x202F;.&#x202F;. COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA .&#x202F;.&#x202F;. </abstract><court_html><abbr title="Court of Appeals">COA</abbr></court_html></item></court_decisions></metadata></law>
