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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>347049</law_id><section_number>13.1-860</section_number><catch_line>Removal of directors</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2026/" slug="2026" current="TRUE" last_updated="2026-08-02">2026</edition><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="44" identifier="13.1">Corporations</unit><unit label="chapter" level="2" order_by="13" identifier="10">Virginia Nonstock Corporation Act</unit><unit label="article" level="3" order_by="9" identifier="8">Directors and Officers</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> The <span class="dictionary">members</span> may remove one or more <span class="dictionary">directors</span> with or without cause, unless the <span class="dictionary">articles of incorporation</span> provide that <span class="dictionary">directors</span> may be removed only with cause. <a id="paragraph-1294975" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-860/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> If a <span class="dictionary">director</span> is elected by a <span class="dictionary">voting group</span> of <span class="dictionary">members</span>, only the <span class="dictionary">members</span> of that <span class="dictionary">voting group</span> may participate in the vote to remove him. <a id="paragraph-1294976" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-860/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C"><p><span class="prefix-number">C.</span> If cumulative voting is authorized, a <span class="dictionary">director</span> may not be removed if the number of votes sufficient to elect him under cumulative voting is voted against his removal. If cumulative voting is not authorized, unless the <span class="dictionary">articles of incorporation</span> require a greater vote, a <span class="dictionary">director</span> may be removed if the number of votes cast to remove him constitutes a majority of the votes entitled to be cast at an election of <span class="dictionary">directors</span> of the <span class="dictionary">voting group</span> or <span class="dictionary">voting groups</span> by which the <span class="dictionary">director</span> was elected. <a id="paragraph-1294977" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-860/#C"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="D"><p><span class="prefix-number">D.</span> If a <span class="dictionary">corporation</span> has no <span class="dictionary">members</span> or no <span class="dictionary">members</span> with voting rights, a <span class="dictionary">director</span> may be removed pursuant to procedures set forth in the <span class="dictionary">articles of incorporation</span> or bylaws, and if none are provided, a <span class="dictionary">director</span> may be removed by such vote as would suffice for his election. <a id="paragraph-1294978" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-860/#D"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="E"><p><span class="prefix-number">E.</span> A <span class="dictionary">director</span> may be removed only at a meeting called for the purpose of removing him. The meeting notice shall <span class="dictionary">state</span> that the purpose or one of the purposes of the meeting is removal of the <span class="dictionary">director</span>. <a id="paragraph-1294979" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-860/#E"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="F"><p><span class="prefix-number">F.</span> Upon the removal of a <span class="dictionary">director</span>, the <span class="dictionary">corporation</span> may file an amended annual report with the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> indicating the removal of the <span class="dictionary">director</span> and the successor in office, if any. <a id="paragraph-1294980" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-860/#F"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>Code 1950, &#xA7; 13.1-221; 1956, c. 428; 1985, c. 522; 1987, c. 177; 1991, c. 124; 2007, c. 925.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
