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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>346834</law_id><section_number>13.1-692</section_number><catch_line>Liability for unlawful distributions</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2026/" slug="2026" current="TRUE" last_updated="2026-08-02">2026</edition><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="44" identifier="13.1">Corporations</unit><unit label="chapter" level="2" order_by="12" identifier="9">Virginia Stock Corporation Act</unit><unit label="article" level="3" order_by="11" identifier="9">Directors and Officers</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> A director who votes for or assents to a <span class="dictionary">distribution</span> in excess of what may be authorized and made pursuant to this chapter or the <span class="dictionary">articles of incorporation</span> is personally liable to the <span class="dictionary">corporation</span> and its <span class="dictionary">creditors</span> for the amount of the <span class="dictionary">distribution</span> that exceeds what could have been distributed without violating this chapter or the <span class="dictionary">articles of incorporation</span> if the <span class="dictionary">party</span> asserting liability establishes that when taking the action the director did not comply with &#xA7; <a class="law" title="General standards of conduct for director" href="/13.1-690/">13.1-690</a>. <a id="paragraph-1293610" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-692/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> A director held liable for an unlawful <span class="dictionary">distribution</span> under subsection A is entitled to: <a id="paragraph-1293611" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-692/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> Contribution from every other director who could be held liable under subsection A for the unlawful <span class="dictionary">distribution</span>; and <a id="paragraph-1293612" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-692/#B1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> Recoupment from the <span class="dictionary">shareholders</span> who received the unlawful <span class="dictionary">distribution</span> in proportion to the amounts of such unlawful <span class="dictionary">distribution</span> received by them respectively. <a id="paragraph-1293613" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-692/#B2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C"><p><span class="prefix-number">C.</span> No suit shall be brought against any director for any liability imposed by subsection A except within two years after the right of action shall accrue. <a id="paragraph-1293614" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-692/#C"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="D"><p><span class="prefix-number">D.</span> Contribution or recoupment under subsection B is barred unless it is commenced within one year after the liability of the claimant has been finally adjudicated under subsection A. <a id="paragraph-1293615" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-692/#D"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>Code 1950, &#xA7;&#xA7; 13-206, 13-207, 13.1-44; 1956, c. 428; 1985, c. 522; 2005, c. 765; 2019, c. 734.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
