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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>346824</law_id><section_number>13.1-685</section_number><catch_line>Action without meeting of board of directors</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2026/" slug="2026" current="TRUE" last_updated="2026-08-02">2026</edition><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="44" identifier="13.1">Corporations</unit><unit label="chapter" level="2" order_by="12" identifier="9">Virginia Stock Corporation Act</unit><unit label="article" level="3" order_by="11" identifier="9">Directors and Officers</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> Except to the extent that the <span class="dictionary">articles of incorporation</span> or bylaws require that action by the board of directors be taken at a meeting, action required or permitted by this chapter to be taken by the board of directors may be taken without a meeting if each director <span class="dictionary">signs</span> a consent describing the action to be taken and <span class="dictionary">delivers</span> it to the <span class="dictionary">corporation</span>&#x2019;s <span class="dictionary">secretary</span>. <a id="paragraph-1293554" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-685/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> Action taken under this section is effective as the act of the board of directors when the last director <span class="dictionary">signs</span> the consent unless the consent specifies a different effective date, in which event the action taken is effective as of the date specified therein, provided that if such date precedes the date when the last director <span class="dictionary">signs</span> the consent <span class="dictionary">states</span> the date of execution by each director. <a id="paragraph-1293555" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-685/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C"><p><span class="prefix-number">C.</span> A director&#x2019;s consent may be withdrawn by a <span class="dictionary">revocation</span> signed by the director and delivered to the <span class="dictionary">corporation</span>&#x2019;s <span class="dictionary">secretary</span> before <span class="dictionary">delivery</span> to the <span class="dictionary">corporation</span>&#x2019;s <span class="dictionary">secretary</span> of unrevoked <span class="dictionary">written</span> consents signed by all the directors. <a id="paragraph-1293556" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-685/#C"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="D"><p><span class="prefix-number">D.</span> Any <span class="dictionary">person</span>, whether or not then a director, may provide that a consent to action as a director shall be effective at a future time, including the time when an event occurs, but such future time shall not be more than 60 days after such provision is made. Any such consent shall be deemed to have been made for purposes of this section at the future time so specified for the consent to be effective, provided that (i) the <span class="dictionary">person</span> is a director at such future time and (ii) the <span class="dictionary">person</span> did not revoke the consent prior to such future time. Any such consent may be revoked, in the manner provided in subsection C, prior to its becoming effective. <a id="paragraph-1293557" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-685/#D"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="E"><p><span class="prefix-number">E.</span> For purposes of this section, a <span class="dictionary">written</span> consent or <span class="dictionary">revocation</span> and the signing thereof may be accomplished by one or more <span class="dictionary">electronic transmissions</span>. <a id="paragraph-1293558" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-685/#E"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="F"><p><span class="prefix-number">F.</span> A consent signed under this section has the effect of action taken at a meeting of the board of directors and may be described as such in any <span class="dictionary">document</span>. <a id="paragraph-1293559" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-685/#F"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>Code 1950, &#xA7; 13.1-41.1; 1964, c. 419; 1975, c. 500; 1985, c. 522; 2005, c. 765; 2015, c. 611; 2019, c. 734.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
