{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/8.8A-114.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/8.8A-114.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/8.8A-114.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/8.8A-114.html"}],"law_id":378315,"edition_id":2,"section_id":378315,"structure_id":53758,"section_number":"8.8A-114","catch_line":"Evidentiary rules concerning certificated securities","history":"1996, c. 216.","full_text":"The following rules apply in an action on a certificated security against the issuer:\n\n1\n\nUnless specifically denied in the pleadings, each signature on a security certificate or in a necessary endorsement is admitted.\n\n2\n\nIf the effectiveness of a signature is put in issue, the burden of establishing effectiveness is on the party claiming under the signature, but the signature is presumed to be genuine or authorized.\n\n3\n\nIf signatures on a security certificate are admitted or established, production of the certificate entitles a holder to recover on it unless the defendant establishes a defense or a defect going to the validity of the security.\n\n4\n\nIf it is shown that a defense or defect exists, the plaintiff has the burden of establishing that the plaintiff or some person under whom the plaintiff claims is a person against whom the defense or defect cannot be asserted.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1411559,"text":"The following rules apply in an action on a certificated security against the issuer:","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"next_prefix":"1"},"1":{"id":1411560,"text":"Unless specifically denied in the pleadings, each signature on a security certificate or in a necessary endorsement is admitted.","type":"section","prefixes":["1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"1","prefix_anchor":"1","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":"2"},"2":{"id":1411561,"text":"If the effectiveness of a signature is put in issue, the burden of establishing effectiveness is on the party claiming under the signature, but the signature is presumed to be genuine or authorized.","type":"section","prefixes":["2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"2","prefix_anchor":"2","level":1,"prior_prefix":"1","next_prefix":"3"},"3":{"id":1411562,"text":"If signatures on a security certificate are admitted or established, production of the certificate entitles a holder to recover on it unless the defendant establishes a defense or a defect going to the validity of the security.","type":"section","prefixes":["3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"3","prefix_anchor":"3","level":1,"prior_prefix":"2","next_prefix":"4"},"4":{"id":1411563,"text":"If it is shown that a defense or defect exists, the plaintiff has the burden of establishing that the plaintiff or some person under whom the plaintiff claims is a person against whom the defense or defect cannot be asserted.","type":"section","prefixes":["4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"4","prefix_anchor":"4","level":1,"prior_prefix":"3"}},"ancestry":[{"id":53758,"edition_id":2,"name":"Short Title and General Matters","identifier":"1","label":"part","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":53757,"metadata":{"child_laws":16,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:21:46","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:28:35","permalink":{"id":1510615,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53758,"identifier":"1","token":"8.8A\/1","url":"\/8.8A\/1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":53757,"edition_id":2,"name":"Commercial Code \u2014 Investment Securities","identifier":"8.8A","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":28,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":52,"child_structures":6},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:21:46","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:28:35","permalink":{"id":1510613,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53757,"identifier":"8.8A","token":"8.8A","url":"\/8.8A\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":378302,"structure_id":53758,"section_number":"8.8A-101","catch_line":"Short title","url":"\/8.8A-101\/","token":"8.8A\/1\/8.8A-101","metadata":false},{"id":378303,"structure_id":53758,"section_number":"8.8A-102","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/8.8A-102\/","token":"8.8A\/1\/8.8A-102","metadata":false},{"id":378304,"structure_id":53758,"section_number":"8.8A-103","catch_line":"Rules for determining whether certain obligations and interests are securities or financial assets","url":"\/8.8A-103\/","token":"8.8A\/1\/8.8A-103","metadata":false},{"id":378305,"structure_id":53758,"section_number":"8.8A-104","catch_line":"Acquisition of security or financial asset or interest 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securities","url":"\/8.8A-114\/","token":"8.8A\/1\/8.8A-114","metadata":false},{"id":378316,"structure_id":53758,"section_number":"8.8A-115","catch_line":"Securities intermediary and others not liable to adverse claimant","url":"\/8.8A-115\/","token":"8.8A\/1\/8.8A-115","metadata":false},{"id":378317,"structure_id":53758,"section_number":"8.8A-116","catch_line":"Securities intermediary as purchaser for value","url":"\/8.8A-116\/","token":"8.8A\/1\/8.8A-116","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":378314,"structure_id":53758,"section_number":"8.8A-113","catch_line":"Statute of frauds inapplicable","url":"\/8.8A-113\/","token":"8.8A\/1\/8.8A-113","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":378316,"structure_id":53758,"section_number":"8.8A-115","catch_line":"Securities intermediary and others not liable to adverse 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This law was first created in 1996. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 216<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1510669,"object_type":"law","relational_id":378315,"identifier":"8.8A-114","token":"8.8A\/1\/8.8A-114","url":"\/8.8A-114\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.8A-114\/","token":"8.8A\/1\/8.8A-114","dublin_core":{"Title":"Evidentiary rules concerning certificated securities","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.8A-114","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

The following rules apply in an action on a certificated security against the issuer:<\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Unless specifically denied in the pleadings<\/span>, each signature on a security certificate or in a necessary endorsement is admitted. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> If the effectiveness of a signature is put in issue<\/span>, the burden of establishing effectiveness is on the party<\/span> claiming under the signature, but the signature is presumed to be genuine or authorized. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> If signatures on a security certificate are admitted or established, production of the certificate entitles a holder to recover on it unless the defendant<\/span> establishes a defense or a defect going to the validity of the security. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> If it is shown that a defense or defect exists, the plaintiff<\/span> has the burden of establishing that the plaintiff<\/span> or some person under whom the plaintiff<\/span> claims is a person against whom the defense or defect cannot be asserted. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nEVIDENTIARY RULES CONCERNING CERTIFICATED SECURITIES (\u00a7 8.8A-114)\n\nThe following rules apply in an action on a certificated security against the\nissuer:\n\n1. Unless specifically denied in the pleadings, each signature on a security\ncertificate or in a necessary endorsement is admitted.\n\n2. If the effectiveness of a signature is put in issue, the burden of\nestablishing effectiveness is on the party claiming under the signature, but the\nsignature is presumed to be genuine or authorized.\n\n3. If signatures on a security certificate are admitted or established,\nproduction of the certificate entitles a holder to recover on it unless the\ndefendant establishes a defense or a defect going to the validity of the\nsecurity.\n\n4. If it is shown that a defense or defect exists, the plaintiff has the burden\nof establishing that the plaintiff or some person under whom the plaintiff\nclaims is a person against whom the defense or defect cannot be asserted.\n\nHISTORY: 1996, c. 216.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}