{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/8.7-104.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/8.7-104.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/8.7-104.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/8.7-104.html"}],"law_id":378263,"edition_id":2,"section_id":378263,"structure_id":53751,"section_number":"8.7-104","catch_line":"Negotiable and nonnegotiable documents","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7\u00a7 61-7, 61-8; 1964, c. 219; 2004, c. 200.","full_text":"1\n\nExcept as otherwise provided in subsection 3, a document is negotiable:\n\na\n\nif by its terms the goods are to be delivered to bearer or to the order of a named person; or\n\nb\n\nwhere recognized in overseas trade, if it runs to a named person or assigns.\n\n2\n\nA document other than one described in subsection 1 is nonnegotiable. A bill of lading in which it is stated that the goods are consigned to a named person is not made negotiable by a provision that the goods are to be delivered only against an order in a record signed by the same or another named person.\n\n3\n\nA document is nonnegotiable if, at the time it is issued, the document has a conspicuous legend, however expressed, that it is nonnegotiable.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1411200,"text":"Except as otherwise provided in subsection 3, a document is negotiable:","type":"section","prefixes":["1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"1","prefix_anchor":"1","level":1,"next_prefix":"1a"},"1":{"id":1411201,"text":"if by its terms the goods are to be delivered to bearer or to the order of a named person; or","type":"section","prefixes":["1","a"],"prefix":"a","entire_prefix":"1a","prefix_anchor":"1a","level":2,"prior_prefix":"1","next_prefix":"1b"},"2":{"id":1411202,"text":"where recognized in overseas trade, if it runs to a named person or assigns.","type":"section","prefixes":["1","b"],"prefix":"b","entire_prefix":"1b","prefix_anchor":"1b","level":2,"prior_prefix":"1a","next_prefix":"2"},"3":{"id":1411203,"text":"A document other than one described in subsection 1 is nonnegotiable. A bill of lading in which it is stated that the goods are consigned to a named person is not made negotiable by a provision that the goods are to be delivered only against an order in a record signed by the same or another named person.","type":"section","prefixes":["2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"2","prefix_anchor":"2","level":1,"prior_prefix":"1b","next_prefix":"3"},"4":{"id":1411204,"text":"A document is nonnegotiable if, at the time it is issued, the document has a conspicuous legend, however expressed, that it is nonnegotiable.","type":"section","prefixes":["3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"3","prefix_anchor":"3","level":1,"prior_prefix":"2"}},"ancestry":[{"id":53751,"edition_id":2,"name":"General","identifier":"1","label":"part","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":53750,"metadata":{"child_laws":7,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:21:39","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:28:34","permalink":{"id":1510433,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53751,"identifier":"1","token":"8.7\/1","url":"\/8.7\/1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":53750,"edition_id":2,"name":"Commercial Code \u2014 Warehouse Receipts, Bills of Lading and Other Documents of Title","identifier":"8.7","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":26,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":42,"child_structures":6},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:21:39","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:28:33","permalink":{"id":1510431,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53750,"identifier":"8.7","token":"8.7","url":"\/8.7\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":378260,"structure_id":53751,"section_number":"8.7-101","catch_line":"Short title","url":"\/8.7-101\/","token":"8.7\/1\/8.7-101","metadata":false},{"id":378261,"structure_id":53751,"section_number":"8.7-102","catch_line":"Definitions and index of definitions","url":"\/8.7-102\/","token":"8.7\/1\/8.7-102","metadata":false},{"id":378262,"structure_id":53751,"section_number":"8.7-103","catch_line":"Relation of title to treaty or statute","url":"\/8.7-103\/","token":"8.7\/1\/8.7-103","metadata":false},{"id":378263,"structure_id":53751,"section_number":"8.7-104","catch_line":"Negotiable and nonnegotiable documents","url":"\/8.7-104\/","token":"8.7\/1\/8.7-104","metadata":false},{"id":378265,"structure_id":53751,"section_number":"8.7-105","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/8.7-105\/","token":"8.7\/1\/8.7-105","metadata":false},{"id":378264,"structure_id":53751,"section_number":"8.7-105.1","catch_line":"Reissuance in alternative medium","url":"\/8.7-105.1\/","token":"8.7\/1\/8.7-105.1","metadata":false},{"id":378266,"structure_id":53751,"section_number":"8.7-106","catch_line":"Control of electronic document","url":"\/8.7-106\/","token":"8.7\/1\/8.7-106","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":378262,"structure_id":53751,"section_number":"8.7-103","catch_line":"Relation of title to treaty or statute","url":"\/8.7-103\/","token":"8.7\/1\/8.7-103","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":378265,"structure_id":53751,"section_number":"8.7-105","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/8.7-105\/","token":"8.7\/1\/8.7-105","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.7-104\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1964, chapter 219; in 2004, chapter 200<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1510447,"object_type":"law","relational_id":378263,"identifier":"8.7-104","token":"8.7\/1\/8.7-104","url":"\/8.7-104\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.7-104\/","token":"8.7\/1\/8.7-104","dublin_core":{"Title":"Negotiable and nonnegotiable documents","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.7-104","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Except as otherwise provided in subsection 3, a document is negotiable: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

a.<\/span> if by its terms the goods are to be delivered to bearer or to the order<\/span> of a named person; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

b.<\/span> where recognized in overseas trade, if it runs to a named person or assigns. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> A document other than one described in subsection 1 is nonnegotiable. A bill of lading in which it is stated that the goods are consigned to a named person is not made negotiable by a provision that the goods are to be delivered only against an order<\/span> in a record signed by the same or another named person. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> A document is nonnegotiable if, at the time it is issued, the document has a conspicuous legend, however expressed, that it is nonnegotiable. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nNEGOTIABLE AND NONNEGOTIABLE DOCUMENTS (\u00a7 8.7-104)\n\n1. Except as otherwise provided in subsection 3, a document is negotiable:\n\n a. if by its terms the goods are to be delivered to bearer or to the order of\n a named person; or\n\n b. where recognized in overseas trade, if it runs to a named person or\n assigns.\n\n2. A document other than one described in subsection 1 is nonnegotiable. A bill\nof lading in which it is stated that the goods are consigned to a named person\nis not made negotiable by a provision that the goods are to be delivered only\nagainst an order in a record signed by the same or another named person.\n\n3. A document is nonnegotiable if, at the time it is issued, the document has a\nconspicuous legend, however expressed, that it is nonnegotiable.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7\u00a7 61-7, 61-8; 1964, c. 219; 2004, c. 200.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}