{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/8.2-302.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/8.2-302.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/8.2-302.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/8.2-302.html"}],"law_id":377922,"edition_id":2,"section_id":377922,"structure_id":53716,"section_number":"8.2-302","catch_line":"Unconscionable contract or clause","history":"1964, c. 219.","full_text":"1\n\nIf the court as a matter of law finds the contract or any clause of the contract to have been unconscionable at the time it was made the court may refuse to enforce the contract, or it may enforce the remainder of the contract without the unconscionable clause, or it may so limit the application of any unconscionable clause as to avoid any unconscionable result.\n\n2\n\nWhen it is claimed or appears to the court that the contract or any clause thereof may be unconscionable the parties shall be afforded a reasonable opportunity to present evidence as to its commercial setting, purpose and effect to aid the court in making the determination.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1409634,"text":"If the court as a matter of law finds the contract or any clause of the contract to have been unconscionable at the time it was made the court may refuse to enforce the contract, or it may enforce the remainder of the contract without the unconscionable clause, or it may so limit the application of any unconscionable clause as to avoid any unconscionable result.","type":"section","prefixes":["1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"1","prefix_anchor":"1","level":1,"next_prefix":"2"},"1":{"id":1409635,"text":"When it is claimed or appears to the court that the contract or any clause thereof may be unconscionable the parties shall be afforded a reasonable opportunity to present evidence as to its commercial setting, purpose and effect to aid the court in making the determination.","type":"section","prefixes":["2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"2","prefix_anchor":"2","level":1,"prior_prefix":"1"}},"ancestry":[{"id":53716,"edition_id":2,"name":"General Obligation and Construction of Contract","identifier":"3","label":"part","depth":2,"order_by":3,"parent_id":53713,"metadata":{"child_laws":29,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:20:58","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:28:29","permalink":{"id":1509007,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53716,"identifier":"3","token":"8.2\/3","url":"\/8.2\/3\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":53713,"edition_id":2,"name":"Commercial Code - Sales","identifier":"8.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":15,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":105,"child_structures":7},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:20:55","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:28:29","permalink":{"id":1508933,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53713,"identifier":"8.2","token":"8.2","url":"\/8.2\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":377921,"structure_id":53716,"section_number":"8.2-301","catch_line":"General obligations of parties","url":"\/8.2-301\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-301","metadata":false},{"id":377922,"structure_id":53716,"section_number":"8.2-302","catch_line":"Unconscionable contract or clause","url":"\/8.2-302\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-302","metadata":false},{"id":377923,"structure_id":53716,"section_number":"8.2-303","catch_line":"Allocation or division of risks","url":"\/8.2-303\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-303","metadata":false},{"id":377924,"structure_id":53716,"section_number":"8.2-304","catch_line":"Price payable in money, goods, realty, or otherwise","url":"\/8.2-304\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-304","metadata":false},{"id":377925,"structure_id":53716,"section_number":"8.2-305","catch_line":"Open price term","url":"\/8.2-305\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-305","metadata":false},{"id":377926,"structure_id":53716,"section_number":"8.2-306","catch_line":"Output, requirements and exclusive dealings","url":"\/8.2-306\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-306","metadata":false},{"id":377927,"structure_id":53716,"section_number":"8.2-307","catch_line":"Delivery in single lot or several lots","url":"\/8.2-307\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-307","metadata":false},{"id":377928,"structure_id":53716,"section_number":"8.2-308","catch_line":"Absence of specified place for delivery","url":"\/8.2-308\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-308","metadata":false},{"id":377929,"structure_id":53716,"section_number":"8.2-309","catch_line":"Absence of specific time provisions; notice of termination","url":"\/8.2-309\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-309","metadata":false},{"id":377930,"structure_id":53716,"section_number":"8.2-310","catch_line":"Open time for payment or running of credit; authority to ship under reservation","url":"\/8.2-310\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-310","metadata":false},{"id":377931,"structure_id":53716,"section_number":"8.2-311","catch_line":"Options and cooperation respecting performance","url":"\/8.2-311\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-311","metadata":false},{"id":377932,"structure_id":53716,"section_number":"8.2-312","catch_line":"Warranty of title and against infringement; buyer's obligation against infringement","url":"\/8.2-312\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-312","metadata":false},{"id":377933,"structure_id":53716,"section_number":"8.2-313","catch_line":"Express warranties by affirmation, promise, description, sample","url":"\/8.2-313\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-313","metadata":false},{"id":377934,"structure_id":53716,"section_number":"8.2-314","catch_line":"Implied warranty: Merchantability; usage of trade","url":"\/8.2-314\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-314","metadata":false},{"id":377935,"structure_id":53716,"section_number":"8.2-315","catch_line":"Implied warranty: Fitness for particular purpose","url":"\/8.2-315\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-315","metadata":false},{"id":377936,"structure_id":53716,"section_number":"8.2-316","catch_line":"Exclusion or modification of warranties","url":"\/8.2-316\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-316","metadata":false},{"id":377938,"structure_id":53716,"section_number":"8.2-317","catch_line":"Cumulation and conflict of warranties express or implied","url":"\/8.2-317\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-317","metadata":false},{"id":377937,"structure_id":53716,"section_number":"8.2-317.1","catch_line":"Use of warranty registration cards","url":"\/8.2-317.1\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-317.1","metadata":false},{"id":377939,"structure_id":53716,"section_number":"8.2-318","catch_line":"When lack of privity no defense in action against manufacturer or seller of goods","url":"\/8.2-318\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-318","metadata":false},{"id":377940,"structure_id":53716,"section_number":"8.2-319","catch_line":"F.O.B. and F.A.S. terms","url":"\/8.2-319\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-319","metadata":false},{"id":377941,"structure_id":53716,"section_number":"8.2-320","catch_line":"C.I.F. and C. & F. terms","url":"\/8.2-320\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-320","metadata":false},{"id":377942,"structure_id":53716,"section_number":"8.2-321","catch_line":"C.I.F. or C. & F.: \"Net landed weights\"; \"payment on arrival\"; warranty of condition on arrival","url":"\/8.2-321\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-321","metadata":false},{"id":377943,"structure_id":53716,"section_number":"8.2-322","catch_line":"Delivery \"ex-ship.\"","url":"\/8.2-322\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-322","metadata":false},{"id":377944,"structure_id":53716,"section_number":"8.2-323","catch_line":"Form of bill of lading required in overseas shipment; \"Overseas.\"","url":"\/8.2-323\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-323","metadata":false},{"id":377945,"structure_id":53716,"section_number":"8.2-324","catch_line":"\"No arrival, no sale\" term","url":"\/8.2-324\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-324","metadata":false},{"id":377946,"structure_id":53716,"section_number":"8.2-325","catch_line":"\"Letter of credit\" term; \"confirmed credit.\"","url":"\/8.2-325\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-325","metadata":false},{"id":377947,"structure_id":53716,"section_number":"8.2-326","catch_line":"Sale on approval and sale or return; rights of creditors","url":"\/8.2-326\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-326","metadata":false},{"id":377948,"structure_id":53716,"section_number":"8.2-327","catch_line":"Special incidents of sale on approval and sale or return","url":"\/8.2-327\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-327","metadata":false},{"id":377949,"structure_id":53716,"section_number":"8.2-328","catch_line":"Sale by auction","url":"\/8.2-328\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-328","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":377921,"structure_id":53716,"section_number":"8.2-301","catch_line":"General obligations of parties","url":"\/8.2-301\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-301","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":377923,"structure_id":53716,"section_number":"8.2-303","catch_line":"Allocation or division of risks","url":"\/8.2-303\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-303","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.2-302\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 1964. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 219 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1964 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1509013,"object_type":"law","relational_id":377922,"identifier":"8.2-302","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-302","url":"\/8.2-302\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.2-302\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-302","dublin_core":{"Title":"Unconscionable contract or clause","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.2-302","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">1.<\/span> If the <span class=\"dictionary\">court<\/span> as a matter of <span class=\"dictionary\">law<\/span> finds the <span class=\"dictionary\">contract<\/span> or any clause of the <span class=\"dictionary\">contract<\/span> to have been unconscionable at the time it was made the <span class=\"dictionary\">court<\/span> may refuse to enforce the <span class=\"dictionary\">contract<\/span>, or it may enforce the remainder of the <span class=\"dictionary\">contract<\/span> without the unconscionable clause, or it may so limit the application of any unconscionable clause as to avoid any unconscionable result. <a id=\"paragraph-1409634\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/8.2-302\/#1\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"2\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">2.<\/span> When it is claimed or appears to the <span class=\"dictionary\">court<\/span> that the <span class=\"dictionary\">contract<\/span> or any clause thereof may be unconscionable the parties shall be afforded a reasonable opportunity to present <span class=\"dictionary\">evidence<\/span> as to its commercial setting, purpose and effect to aid the <span class=\"dictionary\">court<\/span> in making the determination. <a id=\"paragraph-1409635\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/8.2-302\/#2\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nUNCONSCIONABLE CONTRACT OR CLAUSE (\u00a7 8.2-302)\n\n1. If the court as a matter of law finds the contract or any clause of the\ncontract to have been unconscionable at the time it was made the court may\nrefuse to enforce the contract, or it may enforce the remainder of the contract\nwithout the unconscionable clause, or it may so limit the application of any\nunconscionable clause as to avoid any unconscionable result.\n\n2. When it is claimed or appears to the court that the contract or any clause\nthereof may be unconscionable the parties shall be afforded a reasonable\nopportunity to present evidence as to its commercial setting, purpose and effect\nto aid the court in making the determination.\n\nHISTORY: 1964, c. 219.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}