{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/8.01-465.13_3.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/8.01-465.13_3.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/8.01-465.13_3.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/8.01-465.13_3.html"}],"law_id":377403,"edition_id":2,"section_id":377403,"structure_id":53644,"section_number":"8.01-465.13:3","catch_line":"Standards for recognition of foreign-country judgment","history":"2014, c. 462.","full_text":"A\n\nExcept as otherwise provided in subsections B and C, a court of the Commonwealth shall recognize a foreign-country judgment to which this chapter applies.\n\nB\n\nA court of the Commonwealth shall not recognize a foreign-country judgment if:\n\n1\n\nThe judgment was rendered under a judicial system that does not provide impartial tribunals or procedures compatible with the requirements of due process of law;\n\n2\n\nThe foreign court did not have personal jurisdiction over the defendant; or\n\n3\n\nThe foreign court did not have jurisdiction over the subject matter.\n\nC\n\nA court of the Commonwealth need not recognize a foreign-country judgment if:\n\n1\n\nThe defendant in the proceeding in the foreign court did not receive notice of the proceeding in sufficient time to enable the defendant to defend;\n\n2\n\nThe judgment was obtained by fraud that deprived the losing party of an adequate opportunity to present its case;\n\n3\n\nThe judgment or the cause of action on which the judgment is based is repugnant to the public policy of the Commonwealth or of the United States;\n\n4\n\nThe judgment conflicts with another final and conclusive judgment;\n\n5\n\nThe proceeding in the foreign court was contrary to an agreement between the parties under which the dispute in question was to be determined otherwise than by proceedings in that foreign court;\n\n6\n\nIn the case of jurisdiction based only on personal service, the foreign court was a seriously inconvenient forum for the trial of the action;\n\n7\n\nThe judgment was rendered in circumstances that raise substantial doubt about the integrity of the rendering court with respect to the judgment; or\n\n8\n\nThe specific proceeding in the foreign court leading to the judgment was not compatible with the requirements of due process of law.\n\nD\n\nA party resisting recognition of a foreign-country judgment has the burden of establishing that a ground for nonrecognition stated in subsection B or C exists.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1408317,"text":"Except as otherwise provided in subsections B and C, a court of the Commonwealth shall recognize a foreign-country judgment to which this chapter applies.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":1408318,"text":"A court of the Commonwealth shall not recognize a foreign-country judgment if:","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"B1"},"2":{"id":1408319,"text":"The judgment was rendered under a judicial system that does not provide impartial tribunals or procedures compatible with the requirements of due process of law;","type":"section","prefixes":["B","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"B1","prefix_anchor":"B1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"B2"},"3":{"id":1408320,"text":"The foreign court did not have personal jurisdiction over the defendant; or","type":"section","prefixes":["B","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"B2","prefix_anchor":"B2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B1","next_prefix":"B3"},"4":{"id":1408321,"text":"The foreign court did not have jurisdiction over the subject matter.","type":"section","prefixes":["B","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"B3","prefix_anchor":"B3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B2","next_prefix":"C"},"5":{"id":1408322,"text":"A court of the Commonwealth need not recognize a foreign-country judgment if:","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B3","next_prefix":"C1"},"6":{"id":1408323,"text":"The defendant in the proceeding in the foreign court did not receive notice of the proceeding in sufficient time to enable the defendant to defend;","type":"section","prefixes":["C","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"C1","prefix_anchor":"C1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"C2"},"7":{"id":1408324,"text":"The judgment was obtained by fraud that deprived the losing party of an adequate opportunity to present its case;","type":"section","prefixes":["C","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"C2","prefix_anchor":"C2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C1","next_prefix":"C3"},"8":{"id":1408325,"text":"The judgment or the cause of action on which the judgment is based is repugnant to the public policy of the Commonwealth or of the United States;","type":"section","prefixes":["C","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"C3","prefix_anchor":"C3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C2","next_prefix":"C4"},"9":{"id":1408326,"text":"The judgment conflicts with another final and conclusive judgment;","type":"section","prefixes":["C","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"C4","prefix_anchor":"C4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C3","next_prefix":"C5"},"10":{"id":1408327,"text":"The proceeding in the foreign court was contrary to an agreement between the parties under which the dispute in question was to be determined otherwise than by proceedings in that foreign court;","type":"section","prefixes":["C","5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"C5","prefix_anchor":"C5","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C4","next_prefix":"C6"},"11":{"id":1408328,"text":"In the case of jurisdiction based only on personal service, the foreign court was a seriously inconvenient forum for the trial of the action;","type":"section","prefixes":["C","6"],"prefix":"6","entire_prefix":"C6","prefix_anchor":"C6","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C5","next_prefix":"C7"},"12":{"id":1408329,"text":"The judgment was rendered in circumstances that raise substantial doubt about the integrity of the rendering court with respect to the judgment; or","type":"section","prefixes":["C","7"],"prefix":"7","entire_prefix":"C7","prefix_anchor":"C7","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C6","next_prefix":"C8"},"13":{"id":1408330,"text":"The specific proceeding in the foreign court leading to the judgment was not compatible with the requirements of due process of law.","type":"section","prefixes":["C","8"],"prefix":"8","entire_prefix":"C8","prefix_anchor":"C8","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C7","next_prefix":"D"},"14":{"id":1408331,"text":"A party resisting recognition of a foreign-country judgment has the burden of establishing that a ground for nonrecognition stated in subsection B or C exists.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C8"}},"ancestry":[{"id":53644,"edition_id":2,"name":"Uniform Foreign-Country Money Judgments Recognition Act","identifier":"17.2","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":36,"parent_id":53558,"metadata":{"child_laws":12,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:19:53","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:28:22","permalink":{"id":1504965,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53644,"identifier":"17.2","token":"8.01\/17.2","url":"\/8.01\/17.2\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":53558,"edition_id":2,"name":"Civil Remedies and Procedure","identifier":"8.01","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":12,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":1095,"child_structures":142},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:18:32","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:28:09","permalink":{"id":1504031,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53558,"identifier":"8.01","token":"8.01","url":"\/8.01\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":377399,"structure_id":53644,"section_number":"8.01-465.13:1","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/8.01-465.13_1\/","token":"8.01\/17.2\/8.01-465.13_1","metadata":false},{"id":377400,"structure_id":53644,"section_number":"8.01-465.13:10","catch_line":"Saving clause","url":"\/8.01-465.13_10\/","token":"8.01\/17.2\/8.01-465.13_10","metadata":false},{"id":377401,"structure_id":53644,"section_number":"8.01-465.13:11","catch_line":"Effective date","url":"\/8.01-465.13_11\/","token":"8.01\/17.2\/8.01-465.13_11","metadata":false},{"id":377402,"structure_id":53644,"section_number":"8.01-465.13:2","catch_line":"Applicability","url":"\/8.01-465.13_2\/","token":"8.01\/17.2\/8.01-465.13_2","metadata":false},{"id":377403,"structure_id":53644,"section_number":"8.01-465.13:3","catch_line":"Standards for recognition of foreign-country judgment","url":"\/8.01-465.13_3\/","token":"8.01\/17.2\/8.01-465.13_3","metadata":false},{"id":377404,"structure_id":53644,"section_number":"8.01-465.13:4","catch_line":"Personal jurisdiction","url":"\/8.01-465.13_4\/","token":"8.01\/17.2\/8.01-465.13_4","metadata":false},{"id":377405,"structure_id":53644,"section_number":"8.01-465.13:5","catch_line":"Procedure for recognition of foreign-country judgment","url":"\/8.01-465.13_5\/","token":"8.01\/17.2\/8.01-465.13_5","metadata":false},{"id":377406,"structure_id":53644,"section_number":"8.01-465.13:6","catch_line":"Effect of recognition of foreign-country judgment","url":"\/8.01-465.13_6\/","token":"8.01\/17.2\/8.01-465.13_6","metadata":false},{"id":377407,"structure_id":53644,"section_number":"8.01-465.13:7","catch_line":"Stay of proceedings pending appeal of foreign-country judgment","url":"\/8.01-465.13_7\/","token":"8.01\/17.2\/8.01-465.13_7","metadata":false},{"id":377408,"structure_id":53644,"section_number":"8.01-465.13:8","catch_line":"Statute of limitations","url":"\/8.01-465.13_8\/","token":"8.01\/17.2\/8.01-465.13_8","metadata":false},{"id":377409,"structure_id":53644,"section_number":"8.01-465.13:9","catch_line":"Uniformity of interpretation","url":"\/8.01-465.13_9\/","token":"8.01\/17.2\/8.01-465.13_9","metadata":false},{"id":377426,"structure_id":53644,"section_number":"8.01-465.6","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/8.01-465.6\/","token":"8.01\/17.2\/8.01-465.6","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":377402,"structure_id":53644,"section_number":"8.01-465.13:2","catch_line":"Applicability","url":"\/8.01-465.13_2\/","token":"8.01\/17.2\/8.01-465.13_2","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":377404,"structure_id":53644,"section_number":"8.01-465.13:4","catch_line":"Personal jurisdiction","url":"\/8.01-465.13_4\/","token":"8.01\/17.2\/8.01-465.13_4","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.01-465.13:3\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2014. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 462<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1504983,"object_type":"law","relational_id":377403,"identifier":"8.01-465.13:3","token":"8.01\/17.2\/8.01-465.13_3","url":"\/8.01-465.13_3\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.01-465.13_3\/","token":"8.01\/17.2\/8.01-465.13_3","dublin_core":{"Title":"Standards for recognition of foreign-country judgment","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.01-465.13:3","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> Except as otherwise provided in subsections B and C, a court<\/span> of the Commonwealth shall recognize a foreign-country judgment<\/span> to which this chapter applies. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> A court<\/span> of the Commonwealth shall not recognize a foreign-country judgment<\/span> if: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> The judgment was rendered under a judicial system that does not provide impartial tribunals or procedures compatible with the requirements of due process<\/span> of law<\/span>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> The foreign court<\/span> did not have personal jurisdiction<\/span> over the defendant<\/span>; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> The foreign court<\/span> did not have jurisdiction<\/span> over the subject matter. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> A court<\/span> of the Commonwealth need not recognize a foreign-country judgment<\/span> if: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> The defendant<\/span> in the proceeding in the foreign court<\/span> did not receive notice of the proceeding in sufficient time to enable the defendant<\/span> to defend; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> The judgment was obtained by fraud<\/span> that deprived the losing party<\/span> of an adequate opportunity to present its case; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> The judgment or the cause of action<\/span> on which the judgment is based is repugnant to the public policy of the Commonwealth or of the United States; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> The judgment conflicts with another final and conclusive judgment; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> The proceeding in the foreign court<\/span> was contrary to an agreement between the parties under which the dispute in question was to be determined otherwise than by proceedings in that foreign court<\/span>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

6.<\/span> In the case of jurisdiction<\/span> based only on personal service, the foreign court<\/span> was a seriously inconvenient forum for the trial<\/span> of the action; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

7.<\/span> The judgment was rendered in circumstances that raise substantial doubt about the integrity of the rendering court<\/span> with respect to the judgment; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

8.<\/span> The specific proceeding in the foreign court<\/span> leading to the judgment was not compatible with the requirements of due process<\/span> of law<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

D.<\/span> A party<\/span> resisting recognition of a foreign-country judgment<\/span> has the burden of establishing that a ground for nonrecognition stated in subsection B or C exists. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nSTANDARDS FOR RECOGNITION OF FOREIGN-COUNTRY JUDGMENT (\u00a7 8.01-465.13:3)\n\nA. Except as otherwise provided in subsections B and C, a court of the\nCommonwealth shall recognize a foreign-country judgment to which this chapter\napplies.\n\nB. A court of the Commonwealth shall not recognize a foreign-country judgment\nif:\n\n 1. The judgment was rendered under a judicial system that does not provide\n impartial tribunals or procedures compatible with the requirements of due\n process of law;\n\n 2. The foreign court did not have personal jurisdiction over the defendant; or\n\n 3. The foreign court did not have jurisdiction over the subject matter.\n\nC. A court of the Commonwealth need not recognize a foreign-country judgment if:\n\n 1. The defendant in the proceeding in the foreign court did not receive notice\n of the proceeding in sufficient time to enable the defendant to defend;\n\n 2. The judgment was obtained by fraud that deprived the losing party of an\n adequate opportunity to present its case;\n\n 3. The judgment or the cause of action on which the judgment is based is\n repugnant to the public policy of the Commonwealth or of the United States;\n\n 4. The judgment conflicts with another final and conclusive judgment;\n\n 5. The proceeding in the foreign court was contrary to an agreement between\n the parties under which the dispute in question was to be determined otherwise\n than by proceedings in that foreign court;\n\n 6. In the case of jurisdiction based only on personal service, the foreign\n court was a seriously inconvenient forum for the trial of the action;\n\n 7. The judgment was rendered in circumstances that raise substantial doubt\n about the integrity of the rendering court with respect to the judgment; or\n\n 8. The specific proceeding in the foreign court leading to the judgment was\n not compatible with the requirements of due process of law.\n\nD. A party resisting recognition of a foreign-country judgment has the burden of\nestablishing that a ground for nonrecognition stated in subsection B or C\nexists.\n\nHISTORY: 2014, c. 462.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}