{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/64.2-777.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/64.2-777.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/64.2-777.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/64.2-777.html"}],"law_id":376447,"edition_id":2,"section_id":376447,"structure_id":53532,"section_number":"64.2-777","catch_line":"General powers of trustee","history":"2005, c. 935, \u00a7 55-548.15; 2012, c. 614.","full_text":"A\n\nA trustee, without authorization by the court, may exercise:\n\n1\n\nPowers conferred by the terms of the trust; and\n\n2\n\nExcept as limited by the terms of the trust:\n\t\t\t\ta. All powers over the trust property that an unmarried competent owner has over individually owned property;\n\n\t\t\t\tb. Any other powers appropriate to achieve the proper investment, management, and distribution of the trust property; and\n\n\t\t\t\tc. Any other powers conferred by this chapter.\n\nB\n\nThe exercise of a power is subject to the fiduciary duties prescribed by this article.\n\nC\n\nAny reference in a trust instrument incorporating the powers authorized under &#xA7; 64.2-105 shall not be construed to limit powers a trustee may exercise pursuant to this section, unless the settlor expressly states in the trust instrument that such reference should be so construed.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1405571,"text":"A trustee, without authorization by the court, may exercise:","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"A1"},"1":{"id":1405572,"text":"Powers conferred by the terms of the trust; and","type":"section","prefixes":["A","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"A1","prefix_anchor":"A1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"A2"},"2":{"id":1405573,"text":"Except as limited by the terms of the trust:\n\t\t\t\ta. All powers over the trust property that an unmarried competent owner has over individually owned property;\t\t\t\tb. Any other powers appropriate to achieve the proper investment, management, and distribution of the trust property; and\t\t\t\tc. Any other powers conferred by this chapter.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"A2","prefix_anchor":"A2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A1","next_prefix":"B"},"3":{"id":1405574,"text":"The exercise of a power is subject to the fiduciary duties prescribed by this article.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A2","next_prefix":"C"},"4":{"id":1405575,"text":"Any reference in a trust instrument incorporating the powers authorized under &#xA7; 64.2-105 shall not be construed to limit powers a trustee may exercise pursuant to this section, unless the settlor expressly states in the trust instrument that such reference should be so construed.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B"}},"ancestry":[{"id":53532,"edition_id":2,"name":"Duties and Powers of Trustee","identifier":"8","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":8,"parent_id":53524,"metadata":{"child_laws":18,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:17:50","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:37:12","permalink":{"id":1501457,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53532,"identifier":"8","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8","url":"\/64.2\/III\/7\/8\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":53524,"edition_id":2,"name":"Uniform Trust Code","identifier":"7","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":53428,"metadata":{"child_laws":150,"child_structures":13},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:17:42","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:37:10","permalink":{"id":1501109,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53524,"identifier":"7","token":"64.2\/III\/7","url":"\/64.2\/III\/7\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":53428,"edition_id":2,"name":"Trusts","identifier":"III","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":3,"parent_id":53424,"metadata":{"child_laws":232,"child_structures":36},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:16:27","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:37:10","permalink":{"id":1500813,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53428,"identifier":"III","token":"64.2\/III","url":"\/64.2\/III\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":53424,"edition_id":2,"name":"Wills, Trusts, and Fiduciaries","identifier":"64.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":136,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":776,"child_structures":114},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:16:27","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:37:05","permalink":{"id":1499783,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53424,"identifier":"64.2","token":"64.2","url":"\/64.2\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":376433,"structure_id":53532,"section_number":"64.2-763","catch_line":"Duty to administer trust and invest","url":"\/64.2-763\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8\/64.2-763","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"Rafalko v. Georgiadis","case_number":"Record 141533.","citation":"777 S.E.2d 870","date":"2015-11-05","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/3152258\/rafalko-v-georgiadis\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. Justice MIMS, dissenting. .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"1":{"name":"Jimenez v. Corr","case_number":"140112","citation":null,"date":"2014-10-31","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2747281\/jimenez-v-corr\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. Present: Kinser, C.J., Lemons, Millette, Mims, McClanahan, and .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"2":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. Paul Galiotos, Individually, etc. v. Tasos A. Galiotos, .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"0077241","citation":null,"date":"2024-12-30","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/10305439\/paul-galiotos-individually-etc-v-tasos-a-galiotos-individually-etc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"3":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. Stavros P. Galiotos, Individually, etc. v. Tasos A. .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"0068241","citation":null,"date":"2024-12-30","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/10305437\/stavros-p-galiotos-individually-etc-v-tasos-a-galiotos-individually\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"}}}},{"id":376434,"structure_id":53532,"section_number":"64.2-764","catch_line":"Duty of loyalty","url":"\/64.2-764\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8\/64.2-764","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. Stavros P. Galiotos, Individually, etc. v. Tasos A. .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"0068241","citation":null,"date":"2024-12-30","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/10305437\/stavros-p-galiotos-individually-etc-v-tasos-a-galiotos-individually\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"1":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. Paul Galiotos, Individually, etc. v. Tasos A. Galiotos, .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"0077241","citation":null,"date":"2024-12-30","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/10305439\/paul-galiotos-individually-etc-v-tasos-a-galiotos-individually-etc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"}}}},{"id":376435,"structure_id":53532,"section_number":"64.2-765","catch_line":"Impartiality","url":"\/64.2-765\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8\/64.2-765","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"Rafalko v. Georgiadis","case_number":"Record 141533.","citation":"777 S.E.2d 870","date":"2015-11-05","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/3152258\/rafalko-v-georgiadis\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. Justice MIMS, dissenting. .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"1":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. Paul Galiotos, Individually, etc. v. Tasos A. Galiotos, .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"0077241","citation":null,"date":"2024-12-30","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/10305439\/paul-galiotos-individually-etc-v-tasos-a-galiotos-individually-etc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"2":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. Stavros P. Galiotos, Individually, etc. v. Tasos A. .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"0068241","citation":null,"date":"2024-12-30","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/10305437\/stavros-p-galiotos-individually-etc-v-tasos-a-galiotos-individually\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"}}}},{"id":376436,"structure_id":53532,"section_number":"64.2-766","catch_line":"Prudent administration","url":"\/64.2-766\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8\/64.2-766","metadata":false},{"id":376437,"structure_id":53532,"section_number":"64.2-767","catch_line":"Costs of administration","url":"\/64.2-767\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8\/64.2-767","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. Paul Galiotos, Individually, etc. v. Tasos A. Galiotos, .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"0077241","citation":null,"date":"2024-12-30","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/10305439\/paul-galiotos-individually-etc-v-tasos-a-galiotos-individually-etc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"1":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. Stavros P. Galiotos, Individually, etc. v. Tasos A. .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"0068241","citation":null,"date":"2024-12-30","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/10305437\/stavros-p-galiotos-individually-etc-v-tasos-a-galiotos-individually\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"}}}},{"id":376438,"structure_id":53532,"section_number":"64.2-768","catch_line":"Trustee's skills","url":"\/64.2-768\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8\/64.2-768","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":376439,"structure_id":53532,"section_number":"64.2-769","catch_line":"Delegation by trustee","url":"\/64.2-769\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8\/64.2-769","metadata":false},{"id":376440,"structure_id":53532,"section_number":"64.2-770","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/64.2-770\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8\/64.2-770","metadata":false},{"id":376441,"structure_id":53532,"section_number":"64.2-771","catch_line":"Control and protection of trust property","url":"\/64.2-771\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8\/64.2-771","metadata":false},{"id":376442,"structure_id":53532,"section_number":"64.2-772","catch_line":"Recordkeeping and identification of trust property","url":"\/64.2-772\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8\/64.2-772","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":376443,"structure_id":53532,"section_number":"64.2-773","catch_line":"Enforcement and defense of claims","url":"\/64.2-773\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8\/64.2-773","metadata":false},{"id":376444,"structure_id":53532,"section_number":"64.2-774","catch_line":"Collecting trust property","url":"\/64.2-774\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8\/64.2-774","metadata":false},{"id":376445,"structure_id":53532,"section_number":"64.2-775","catch_line":"Duty to inform and report","url":"\/64.2-775\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8\/64.2-775","metadata":false},{"id":376446,"structure_id":53532,"section_number":"64.2-776","catch_line":"Discretionary powers; tax savings","url":"\/64.2-776\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8\/64.2-776","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. Paul Galiotos, Individually, etc. v. Tasos A. Galiotos, .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"0077241","citation":null,"date":"2024-12-30","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/10305439\/paul-galiotos-individually-etc-v-tasos-a-galiotos-individually-etc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"1":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. Stavros P. Galiotos, Individually, etc. v. Tasos A. .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"0068241","citation":null,"date":"2024-12-30","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/10305437\/stavros-p-galiotos-individually-etc-v-tasos-a-galiotos-individually\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"}}}},{"id":376447,"structure_id":53532,"section_number":"64.2-777","catch_line":"General powers of trustee","url":"\/64.2-777\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8\/64.2-777","metadata":false},{"id":376449,"structure_id":53532,"section_number":"64.2-778","catch_line":"Specific powers of trustee","url":"\/64.2-778\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8\/64.2-778","metadata":false},{"id":376448,"structure_id":53532,"section_number":"64.2-778.1","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/64.2-778.1\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8\/64.2-778.1","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":376488,"structure_id":53532,"section_number":"64.2-779","catch_line":"Distribution upon termination","url":"\/64.2-779\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8\/64.2-779","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":376446,"structure_id":53532,"section_number":"64.2-776","catch_line":"Discretionary powers; tax savings","url":"\/64.2-776\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8\/64.2-776","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. Paul Galiotos, Individually, etc. v. Tasos A. Galiotos, .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"0077241","citation":null,"date":"2024-12-30","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/10305439\/paul-galiotos-individually-etc-v-tasos-a-galiotos-individually-etc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"1":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. Stavros P. Galiotos, Individually, etc. v. Tasos A. .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"0068241","citation":null,"date":"2024-12-30","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/10305437\/stavros-p-galiotos-individually-etc-v-tasos-a-galiotos-individually\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"}}}},"next_section":{"id":376449,"structure_id":53532,"section_number":"64.2-778","catch_line":"Specific powers of trustee","url":"\/64.2-778\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8\/64.2-778","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/64.2-777\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 2005. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?051+ful+CHAP0935\">935<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2012, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?121+ful+CHAP0614\">614<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":376449,"section_number":"64.2-778","catch_line":"Specific powers of trustee","order_by":null,"url":"\/64.2-778\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":375791,"section_number":"64.2-105","catch_line":"Incorporation by reference of certain powers of fiduciaries into will or trust instrument","order_by":null,"url":"\/64.2-105\/"}],"permalink":{"id":1501515,"object_type":"law","relational_id":376447,"identifier":"64.2-777","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8\/64.2-777","url":"\/64.2-777\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/64.2-777\/","token":"64.2\/III\/7\/8\/64.2-777","dublin_core":{"Title":"General powers of trustee","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 64.2-777","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">A.<\/span> A <span class=\"dictionary\">trustee<\/span>, without authorization by the <span class=\"dictionary\">court<\/span>, may exercise: <a id=\"paragraph-1405571\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/64.2-777\/#A\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A1\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">1.<\/span> Powers conferred by the terms of the trust; and <a id=\"paragraph-1405572\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/64.2-777\/#A1\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A2\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">2.<\/span> Except as limited by the terms of the trust:\n\t\t\t\ta. All powers over the trust <span class=\"dictionary\">property<\/span> that an unmarried competent owner has over individually owned <span class=\"dictionary\">property<\/span>;<br \/><br \/>\t\t\t\tb. Any other powers appropriate to achieve the proper investment, management, and distribution of the trust <span class=\"dictionary\">property<\/span>; and<br \/><br \/>\t\t\t\tc. Any other powers conferred by this chapter. <a id=\"paragraph-1405573\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/64.2-777\/#A2\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"B\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">B.<\/span> The exercise of a power is subject to the <span class=\"dictionary\">fiduciary<\/span> duties prescribed by this article. <a id=\"paragraph-1405574\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/64.2-777\/#B\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"C\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">C.<\/span> Any reference in a <span class=\"dictionary\">trust instrument<\/span> incorporating the powers authorized under &#xA7; <a class=\"law\" title=\"Incorporation by reference of certain powers of fiduciaries into will or trust instrument\" href=\"\/64.2-105\/\">64.2-105<\/a> shall not be construed to limit powers a <span class=\"dictionary\">trustee<\/span> may exercise pursuant to this section, unless the settlor expressly <span class=\"dictionary\">states<\/span> in the <span class=\"dictionary\">trust instrument<\/span> that such reference should be so construed. <a id=\"paragraph-1405575\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/64.2-777\/#C\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nGENERAL POWERS OF TRUSTEE (\u00a7 64.2-777)\n\nA. A trustee, without authorization by the court, may exercise:\n\n   1. Powers conferred by the terms of the trust; and\n\n   2. Except as limited by the terms of the trust:\n   \t\t\t\ta. All powers over the trust property that an unmarried competent owner\n   has over individually owned property;\t\t\t\tb. Any other powers appropriate to\n   achieve the proper investment, management, and distribution of the trust\n   property; and\t\t\t\tc. Any other powers conferred by this chapter.\n\nB. The exercise of a power is subject to the fiduciary duties prescribed by this\narticle.\n\nC. Any reference in a trust instrument incorporating the powers authorized under\n&#xA7; 64.2-105 shall not be construed to limit powers a trustee may exercise\npursuant to this section, unless the settlor expressly states in the trust\ninstrument that such reference should be so construed.\n\nHISTORY: 2005, c. 935, \u00a7 55-548.15; 2012, c. 614.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}