{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/64.2-122.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/64.2-122.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/64.2-122.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/64.2-122.html"}],"law_id":375862,"edition_id":2,"section_id":375862,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-122","catch_line":"Disclosure of other digital assets of deceased user","history":"2017, cc. 33, 80.","full_text":"Unless the user prohibited disclosure of digital assets or the court directs otherwise, a custodian shall disclose to the personal representative of the estate of a deceased user a catalog of electronic communications sent or received by the user and digital assets, other than the content of electronic communications, of the user, if the representative gives the custodian:\n\n1\n\nA written request for disclosure in physical or electronic form;\n\n2\n\nA certified copy of the death certificate of the user;\n\n3\n\nA certified copy of the letter of appointment of the representative or a small-estate affidavit or court order; and\n\n4\n\nIf requested by the custodian:\n\t\t\ta. A number, username, address, or other unique subscriber or account identifier assigned by the custodian to identify the user’s account;\n\n\t\t\tb. Evidence linking the account to the user;\n\n\t\t\tc. An affidavit stating that disclosure of the user’s digital assets is reasonably necessary for administration of the estate; or\n\n\t\t\td. A finding by the court that (i) the user had a specific account with the custodian, identifiable by the information specified in subdivision a or (ii) disclosure of the user’s digital assets is reasonably necessary for administration of the estate.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1403327,"text":"Unless the user prohibited disclosure of digital assets or the court directs otherwise, a custodian shall disclose to the personal representative of the estate of a deceased user a catalog of electronic communications sent or received by the user and digital assets, other than the content of electronic communications, of the user, if the representative gives the custodian:","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"next_prefix":"1"},"1":{"id":1403328,"text":"A written request for disclosure in physical or electronic form;","type":"section","prefixes":["1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"1","prefix_anchor":"1","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":"2"},"2":{"id":1403329,"text":"A certified copy of the death certificate of the user;","type":"section","prefixes":["2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"2","prefix_anchor":"2","level":1,"prior_prefix":"1","next_prefix":"3"},"3":{"id":1403330,"text":"A certified copy of the letter of appointment of the representative or a small-estate affidavit or court order; and","type":"section","prefixes":["3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"3","prefix_anchor":"3","level":1,"prior_prefix":"2","next_prefix":"4"},"4":{"id":1403331,"text":"If requested by the custodian:\n\t\t\ta. A number, username, address, or other unique subscriber or account identifier assigned by the custodian to identify the user’s account;\t\t\tb. Evidence linking the account to the user;\t\t\tc. An affidavit stating that disclosure of the user’s digital assets is reasonably necessary for administration of the estate; or\t\t\td. A finding by the court that (i) the user had a specific account with the custodian, identifiable by the information specified in subdivision a or (ii) disclosure of the user’s digital assets is reasonably necessary for administration of the estate.","type":"section","prefixes":["4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"4","prefix_anchor":"4","level":1,"prior_prefix":"3"}},"ancestry":[{"id":53452,"edition_id":2,"name":"Uniform Fiduciary Access to Digital Assets Act","identifier":"3.1","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":4,"parent_id":53426,"metadata":{"child_laws":17,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:16:38","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:37:06","permalink":{"id":1499843,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53452,"identifier":"3.1","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1","url":"\/64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":53426,"edition_id":2,"name":"Definitions and General 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Fiduciaries","identifier":"64.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":136,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":776,"child_structures":114},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:16:27","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:37:05","permalink":{"id":1499783,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53424,"identifier":"64.2","token":"64.2","url":"\/64.2\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":375836,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-116","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/64.2-116\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-116","metadata":false},{"id":375837,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-117","catch_line":"Applicability","url":"\/64.2-117\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-117","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":375838,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-118","catch_line":"User direction for disclosure of digital assets","url":"\/64.2-118\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-118","metadata":false},{"id":375839,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-119","catch_line":"Terms-of-service agreement","url":"\/64.2-119\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-119","metadata":false},{"id":375840,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-120","catch_line":"Procedure for disclosing digital assets","url":"\/64.2-120\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-120","metadata":false},{"id":375851,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-121","catch_line":"Disclosure of content of electronic communications of deceased user","url":"\/64.2-121\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-121","metadata":false},{"id":375862,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-122","catch_line":"Disclosure of other digital assets of deceased user","url":"\/64.2-122\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-122","metadata":false},{"id":375866,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-123","catch_line":"Disclosure of content of electronic communications of principal","url":"\/64.2-123\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-123","metadata":false},{"id":375867,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-124","catch_line":"Disclosure of other digital assets of principal","url":"\/64.2-124\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-124","metadata":false},{"id":375868,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-125","catch_line":"Disclosure of digital assets held in trust when trustee is original user","url":"\/64.2-125\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-125","metadata":false},{"id":375869,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-126","catch_line":"Disclosure of contents of electronic communications held in trust when trustee is not original user","url":"\/64.2-126\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-126","metadata":false},{"id":375870,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-127","catch_line":"Disclosure of other digital assets held in trust when trustee is not original user","url":"\/64.2-127\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-127","metadata":false},{"id":375871,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-128","catch_line":"Disclosure of digital assets to conservator or guardian of protected person","url":"\/64.2-128\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-128","metadata":false},{"id":375872,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-129","catch_line":"Fiduciary duty and authority","url":"\/64.2-129\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-129","metadata":false},{"id":375873,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-130","catch_line":"Custodian compliance and immunity","url":"\/64.2-130\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-130","metadata":false},{"id":375884,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-131","catch_line":"Uniformity of application and construction","url":"\/64.2-131\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-131","metadata":false},{"id":375893,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-132","catch_line":"Relation to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act","url":"\/64.2-132\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-132","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":375851,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-121","catch_line":"Disclosure of content of electronic communications of deceased user","url":"\/64.2-121\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-121","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":375866,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-123","catch_line":"Disclosure of content of electronic communications of principal","url":"\/64.2-123\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-123","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/64.2-122\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2017. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapters 33<\/a> and 80<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1499869,"object_type":"law","relational_id":375862,"identifier":"64.2-122","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-122","url":"\/64.2-122\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/64.2-122\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-122","dublin_core":{"Title":"Disclosure of other digital assets of deceased user","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 64.2-122","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

Unless the user<\/span> prohibited disclosure of digital assets<\/span> or the court<\/span> directs otherwise, a custodian<\/span> shall disclose to the personal representative<\/span> of the estate of a deceased user<\/span> a catalog of electronic communications<\/span> sent or received by the user<\/span> and digital assets<\/span>, other than the content of electronic communications, of the user<\/span>, if the representative gives the custodian<\/span>:<\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> A written request for disclosure in physical or electronic form; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> A certified copy of the death certificate of the user<\/span>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> A certified copy of the letter of appointment of the representative or a small-estate affidavit<\/span> or court order<\/span>; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> If requested by the custodian<\/span>:\n\t\t\ta. A number, username, address, or other unique subscriber or account<\/span> identifier assigned by the custodian<\/span> to identify the user<\/span>’s account<\/span>;

\t\t\tb. Evidence<\/span> linking the account<\/span> to the user<\/span>;

\t\t\tc. An affidavit<\/span> stating that disclosure of the user<\/span>’s digital assets<\/span> is reasonably necessary for administration of the estate; or

\t\t\td. A finding<\/span> by the court that (i) the user<\/span> had a specific account<\/span> with the custodian<\/span>, identifiable by the information<\/span> specified in subdivision a or (ii) disclosure of the user<\/span>’s digital assets<\/span> is reasonably necessary for administration of the estate. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nDISCLOSURE OF OTHER DIGITAL ASSETS OF DECEASED USER (\u00a7 64.2-122)\n\nUnless the user prohibited disclosure of digital assets or the court directs\notherwise, a custodian shall disclose to the personal representative of the\nestate of a deceased user a catalog of electronic communications sent or\nreceived by the user and digital assets, other than the content of electronic\ncommunications, of the user, if the representative gives the custodian:\n\n1. A written request for disclosure in physical or electronic form;\n\n2. A certified copy of the death certificate of the user;\n\n3. A certified copy of the letter of appointment of the representative or a\nsmall-estate affidavit or court order; and\n\n4. If requested by the custodian:\n\t\t\ta. A number, username, address, or other unique subscriber or account\nidentifier assigned by the custodian to identify the user’s account;\t\t\tb.\nEvidence linking the account to the user;\t\t\tc. An affidavit stating that\ndisclosure of the user’s digital assets is reasonably necessary for\nadministration of the estate; or\t\t\td. A finding by the court that (i) the user\nhad a specific account with the custodian, identifiable by the information\nspecified in subdivision a or (ii) disclosure of the user’s digital assets\nis reasonably necessary for administration of the estate.\n\nHISTORY: 2017, cc. 33, 80.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}