{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/64.2-118.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/64.2-118.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/64.2-118.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/64.2-118.html"}],"law_id":375838,"edition_id":2,"section_id":375838,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-118","catch_line":"User direction for disclosure of digital assets","history":"2017, cc. 33, 80.","full_text":"A\n\nA user may use an online tool to direct the custodian to disclose to a designated recipient or not to disclose some or all of the user’s digital assets, including the content of electronic communications. If the online tool allows the user to modify or delete a direction at all times, a direction regarding disclosure using an online tool overrides a contrary direction by the user in a will, trust, power of attorney, or other record.\n\nB\n\nIf a user has not used an online tool to give direction under subsection A or if the custodian has not provided an online tool, the user may allow or prohibit in a will, trust, power of attorney, or other record disclosure to a fiduciary of some or all of the user’s digital assets, including the content of electronic communications sent or received by the user.\n\nC\n\nA user’s direction under subsection A or B overrides a contrary provision in a terms-of-service agreement that does not require the user to act affirmatively and distinctly from the user’s assent to the terms of service.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1403275,"text":"A user may use an online tool to direct the custodian to disclose to a designated recipient or not to disclose some or all of the user’s digital assets, including the content of electronic communications. If the online tool allows the user to modify or delete a direction at all times, a direction regarding disclosure using an online tool overrides a contrary direction by the user in a will, trust, power of attorney, or other record.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":1403276,"text":"If a user has not used an online tool to give direction under subsection A or if the custodian has not provided an online tool, the user may allow or prohibit in a will, trust, power of attorney, or other record disclosure to a fiduciary of some or all of the user’s digital assets, including the content of electronic communications sent or received by the user.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":1403277,"text":"A user’s direction under subsection A or B overrides a contrary provision in a terms-of-service agreement that does not require the user to act affirmatively and distinctly from the user’s assent to the terms of service.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B"}},"ancestry":[{"id":53452,"edition_id":2,"name":"Uniform Fiduciary Access to Digital Assets Act","identifier":"3.1","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":4,"parent_id":53426,"metadata":{"child_laws":17,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:16:38","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:37:06","permalink":{"id":1499843,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53452,"identifier":"3.1","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1","url":"\/64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":53426,"edition_id":2,"name":"Definitions and General Provisions","identifier":"1","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":53425,"metadata":{"child_laws":29,"child_structures":4},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:16:27","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:37:05","permalink":{"id":1499787,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53426,"identifier":"1","token":"64.2\/I\/1","url":"\/64.2\/I\/1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":53425,"edition_id":2,"name":"General Provisions","identifier":"I","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":53424,"metadata":{"child_laws":29,"child_structures":5},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:16:27","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:37:05","permalink":{"id":1499785,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53425,"identifier":"I","token":"64.2\/I","url":"\/64.2\/I\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":53424,"edition_id":2,"name":"Wills, Trusts, and Fiduciaries","identifier":"64.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":136,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":776,"child_structures":114},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:16:27","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:37:05","permalink":{"id":1499783,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53424,"identifier":"64.2","token":"64.2","url":"\/64.2\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":375836,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-116","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/64.2-116\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-116","metadata":false},{"id":375837,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-117","catch_line":"Applicability","url":"\/64.2-117\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-117","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":375838,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-118","catch_line":"User direction for disclosure of digital assets","url":"\/64.2-118\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-118","metadata":false},{"id":375839,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-119","catch_line":"Terms-of-service agreement","url":"\/64.2-119\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-119","metadata":false},{"id":375840,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-120","catch_line":"Procedure for disclosing digital assets","url":"\/64.2-120\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-120","metadata":false},{"id":375851,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-121","catch_line":"Disclosure of content of electronic communications of deceased user","url":"\/64.2-121\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-121","metadata":false},{"id":375862,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-122","catch_line":"Disclosure of other digital assets of deceased user","url":"\/64.2-122\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-122","metadata":false},{"id":375866,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-123","catch_line":"Disclosure of content of electronic communications of principal","url":"\/64.2-123\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-123","metadata":false},{"id":375867,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-124","catch_line":"Disclosure of other digital assets of principal","url":"\/64.2-124\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-124","metadata":false},{"id":375868,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-125","catch_line":"Disclosure of digital assets held in trust when trustee is original user","url":"\/64.2-125\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-125","metadata":false},{"id":375869,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-126","catch_line":"Disclosure of contents of electronic communications held in trust when trustee is not original user","url":"\/64.2-126\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-126","metadata":false},{"id":375870,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-127","catch_line":"Disclosure of other digital assets held in trust when trustee is not original user","url":"\/64.2-127\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-127","metadata":false},{"id":375871,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-128","catch_line":"Disclosure of digital assets to conservator or guardian of protected person","url":"\/64.2-128\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-128","metadata":false},{"id":375872,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-129","catch_line":"Fiduciary duty and authority","url":"\/64.2-129\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-129","metadata":false},{"id":375873,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-130","catch_line":"Custodian compliance and immunity","url":"\/64.2-130\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-130","metadata":false},{"id":375884,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-131","catch_line":"Uniformity of application and construction","url":"\/64.2-131\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-131","metadata":false},{"id":375893,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-132","catch_line":"Relation to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act","url":"\/64.2-132\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-132","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":375837,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-117","catch_line":"Applicability","url":"\/64.2-117\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-117","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},"next_section":{"id":375839,"structure_id":53452,"section_number":"64.2-119","catch_line":"Terms-of-service agreement","url":"\/64.2-119\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-119","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/64.2-118\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2017. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapters 33<\/a> and 80<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":[{"id":375839,"section_number":"64.2-119","catch_line":"Terms-of-service agreement","order_by":null,"url":"\/64.2-119\/"},{"id":375872,"section_number":"64.2-129","catch_line":"Fiduciary duty and authority","order_by":null,"url":"\/64.2-129\/"}],"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1499853,"object_type":"law","relational_id":375838,"identifier":"64.2-118","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-118","url":"\/64.2-118\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/64.2-118\/","token":"64.2\/I\/1\/3.1\/64.2-118","dublin_core":{"Title":"User direction for disclosure of digital assets","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 64.2-118","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> A user<\/span> may use an online tool<\/span> to direct the custodian<\/span> to disclose to a designated recipient<\/span> or not to disclose some or all of the user<\/span>’s digital assets<\/span>, including the content of electronic communications<\/span>. If the online tool<\/span> allows the user<\/span> to modify or delete a direction at all times, a direction regarding disclosure using an online tool<\/span> overrides a contrary direction by the user<\/span> in a will<\/span>, trust, power of attorney<\/span>, or other record<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> If a user<\/span> has not used an online tool<\/span> to give direction under subsection A or if the custodian<\/span> has not provided an online tool<\/span>, the user<\/span> may allow or prohibit in a will<\/span>, trust, power of attorney<\/span>, or other record<\/span> disclosure to a fiduciary<\/span> of some or all of the user<\/span>’s digital assets<\/span>, including the content of electronic communications<\/span> sent or received by the user<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> A user<\/span>’s direction under subsection A or B overrides a contrary provision in a terms-of-service agreement<\/span> that does not require the user<\/span> to act affirmatively and distinctly from the user<\/span>’s assent to the terms of service. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nUSER DIRECTION FOR DISCLOSURE OF DIGITAL ASSETS (\u00a7 64.2-118)\n\nA. A user may use an online tool to direct the custodian to disclose to a\ndesignated recipient or not to disclose some or all of the user’s digital\nassets, including the content of electronic communications. If the online tool\nallows the user to modify or delete a direction at all times, a direction\nregarding disclosure using an online tool overrides a contrary direction by the\nuser in a will, trust, power of attorney, or other record.\n\nB. If a user has not used an online tool to give direction under subsection A or\nif the custodian has not provided an online tool, the user may allow or prohibit\nin a will, trust, power of attorney, or other record disclosure to a fiduciary\nof some or all of the user’s digital assets, including the content of\nelectronic communications sent or received by the user.\n\nC. A user’s direction under subsection A or B overrides a contrary\nprovision in a terms-of-service agreement that does not require the user to act\naffirmatively and distinctly from the user’s assent to the terms of\nservice.\n\nHISTORY: 2017, cc. 33, 80.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}