{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/59.1-600.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/59.1-600.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/59.1-600.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/59.1-600.html"}],"law_id":373435,"edition_id":2,"section_id":373435,"structure_id":53142,"section_number":"59.1-600","catch_line":"Discrimination prohibited","history":"2023, c. 526.","full_text":"No person or public entity shall discriminate against a consumer on the grounds that the consumer has exercised any of the rights granted by this chapter with regard to:\n\n1\n\nProviding or denying any good, service, or benefit to the consumer;\n\n2\n\nCharging any different price or rate for any good or service provided to the consumer, including through the use of discounts or other incentives or imposition of penalties;\n\n3\n\nProviding a different level or quality of goods, services, or benefits to the consumer;\n\n4\n\nSuggesting that the consumer will receive a different price or rate for goods, services, or benefits or a different level or quality of goods, services, or benefits; or\n\n5\n\nConsidering the consumer’s exercise of rights pursuant to this chapter as a basis or suspicion of criminal wrongdoing or unlawful conduct.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1393755,"text":"No person or public entity shall discriminate against a consumer on the grounds that the consumer has exercised any of the rights granted by this chapter with regard to:","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"next_prefix":"1"},"1":{"id":1393756,"text":"Providing or denying any good, service, or benefit to the consumer;","type":"section","prefixes":["1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"1","prefix_anchor":"1","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":"2"},"2":{"id":1393757,"text":"Charging any different price or rate for any good or service provided to the consumer, including through the use of discounts or other incentives or imposition of penalties;","type":"section","prefixes":["2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"2","prefix_anchor":"2","level":1,"prior_prefix":"1","next_prefix":"3"},"3":{"id":1393758,"text":"Providing a different level or quality of goods, services, or benefits to the consumer;","type":"section","prefixes":["3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"3","prefix_anchor":"3","level":1,"prior_prefix":"2","next_prefix":"4"},"4":{"id":1393759,"text":"Suggesting that the consumer will receive a different price or rate for goods, services, or benefits or a different level or quality of goods, services, or benefits; or","type":"section","prefixes":["4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"4","prefix_anchor":"4","level":1,"prior_prefix":"3","next_prefix":"5"},"5":{"id":1393760,"text":"Considering the consumer’s exercise of rights pursuant to this chapter as a basis or suspicion of criminal wrongdoing or unlawful conduct.","type":"section","prefixes":["5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"5","prefix_anchor":"5","level":1,"prior_prefix":"4"}},"ancestry":[{"id":53142,"edition_id":2,"name":"Genetic Data Privacy","identifier":"56","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":54,"parent_id":53010,"metadata":{"child_laws":10,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:11:31","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:36:31","permalink":{"id":1489827,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53142,"identifier":"56","token":"59.1\/56","url":"\/59.1\/56\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":53010,"edition_id":2,"name":"Trade and Commerce","identifier":"59.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":127,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":861,"child_structures":141},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:09:52","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:36:19","permalink":{"id":1486523,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53010,"identifier":"59.1","token":"59.1","url":"\/59.1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":373428,"structure_id":53142,"section_number":"59.1-593","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/59.1-593\/","token":"59.1\/56\/59.1-593","metadata":false},{"id":373429,"structure_id":53142,"section_number":"59.1-594","catch_line":"Exclusions","url":"\/59.1-594\/","token":"59.1\/56\/59.1-594","metadata":false},{"id":373430,"structure_id":53142,"section_number":"59.1-595","catch_line":"Information to be made available to consumers","url":"\/59.1-595\/","token":"59.1\/56\/59.1-595","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":373431,"structure_id":53142,"section_number":"59.1-596","catch_line":"Express consent required; revocation of express consent","url":"\/59.1-596\/","token":"59.1\/56\/59.1-596","metadata":false},{"id":373432,"structure_id":53142,"section_number":"59.1-597","catch_line":"Other requirements applicable to direct-to-consumer genetic testing companies","url":"\/59.1-597\/","token":"59.1\/56\/59.1-597","metadata":false},{"id":373433,"structure_id":53142,"section_number":"59.1-598","catch_line":"Contracts with service providers","url":"\/59.1-598\/","token":"59.1\/56\/59.1-598","metadata":false},{"id":373434,"structure_id":53142,"section_number":"59.1-599","catch_line":"Certain disclosures of genetic data prohibited","url":"\/59.1-599\/","token":"59.1\/56\/59.1-599","metadata":false},{"id":373435,"structure_id":53142,"section_number":"59.1-600","catch_line":"Discrimination prohibited","url":"\/59.1-600\/","token":"59.1\/56\/59.1-600","metadata":false},{"id":373436,"structure_id":53142,"section_number":"59.1-601","catch_line":"Enforcement; civil penalty","url":"\/59.1-601\/","token":"59.1\/56\/59.1-601","metadata":false},{"id":373437,"structure_id":53142,"section_number":"59.1-602","catch_line":"Limitations","url":"\/59.1-602\/","token":"59.1\/56\/59.1-602","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":373434,"structure_id":53142,"section_number":"59.1-599","catch_line":"Certain disclosures of genetic data prohibited","url":"\/59.1-599\/","token":"59.1\/56\/59.1-599","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":373436,"structure_id":53142,"section_number":"59.1-601","catch_line":"Enforcement; 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This law was first created in 2023. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 526<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1489857,"object_type":"law","relational_id":373435,"identifier":"59.1-600","token":"59.1\/56\/59.1-600","url":"\/59.1-600\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/59.1-600\/","token":"59.1\/56\/59.1-600","dublin_core":{"Title":"Discrimination prohibited","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 59.1-600","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

No person or public entity shall discriminate against a consumer<\/span> on the grounds that the consumer<\/span> has exercised any of the rights granted by this chapter with regard to:<\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Providing or denying any good, service, or benefit to the consumer<\/span>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Charging any different price or rate for any good or service provided to the consumer<\/span>, including through the use of discounts or other incentives or imposition of penalties; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Providing a different level or quality of goods, services, or benefits to the consumer<\/span>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> Suggesting that the consumer<\/span> will receive a different price or rate for goods, services, or benefits or a different level or quality of goods, services, or benefits; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> Considering the consumer<\/span>’s exercise of rights pursuant to this chapter as a basis or suspicion of criminal wrongdoing or unlawful conduct. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nDISCRIMINATION PROHIBITED (\u00a7 59.1-600)\n\nNo person or public entity shall discriminate against a consumer on the grounds\nthat the consumer has exercised any of the rights granted by this chapter with\nregard to:\n\n1. Providing or denying any good, service, or benefit to the consumer;\n\n2. Charging any different price or rate for any good or service provided to the\nconsumer, including through the use of discounts or other incentives or\nimposition of penalties;\n\n3. Providing a different level or quality of goods, services, or benefits to the\nconsumer;\n\n4. Suggesting that the consumer will receive a different price or rate for\ngoods, services, or benefits or a different level or quality of goods, services,\nor benefits; or\n\n5. Considering the consumer’s exercise of rights pursuant to this chapter\nas a basis or suspicion of criminal wrongdoing or unlawful conduct.\n\nHISTORY: 2023, c. 526.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}