{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/56-3.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/56-3.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/56-3.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/56-3.html"}],"law_id":370306,"edition_id":2,"section_id":370306,"structure_id":52704,"section_number":"56-3","catch_line":"Expenses prior to organization","history":"Code 1919, \u00a7 3901.","full_text":"The expenses incurred prior to the organization of any public service corporation, for preliminary surveys, or for stationery or advertising, or any other necessary matter or thing, may, if deemed reasonable by the president and directors, be paid by their order.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1381471,"text":"The expenses incurred prior to the organization of any public service corporation, for preliminary surveys, or for stationery or advertising, or any other necessary matter or thing, may, if deemed reasonable by the president and directors, be paid by their order.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":52704,"edition_id":2,"name":"In General","identifier":"1","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":52703,"metadata":{"child_laws":15,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:03:25","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:35:34","permalink":{"id":1475479,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52704,"identifier":"1","token":"56\/1\/1","url":"\/56\/1\/1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":52703,"edition_id":2,"name":"General Provisions","identifier":"1","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":52702,"metadata":{"child_laws":58,"child_structures":6},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:03:25","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:35:34","permalink":{"id":1475477,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52703,"identifier":"1","token":"56\/1","url":"\/56\/1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":52702,"edition_id":2,"name":"Public Service Companies","identifier":"56","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":121,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":710,"child_structures":93},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:03:25","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:35:34","permalink":{"id":1475475,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52702,"identifier":"56","token":"56","url":"\/56\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":370049,"structure_id":52704,"section_number":"56-1","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/56-1\/","token":"56\/1\/1\/56-1","metadata":false},{"id":370045,"structure_id":52704,"section_number":"56-1.1","catch_line":"Designation as public service corporation","url":"\/56-1.1\/","token":"56\/1\/1\/56-1.1","metadata":false},{"id":370046,"structure_id":52704,"section_number":"56-1.2","catch_line":"Persons, localities, and school boards not designated as public utility, public service corporation, etc","url":"\/56-1.2\/","token":"56\/1\/1\/56-1.2","metadata":false},{"id":370047,"structure_id":52704,"section_number":"56-1.2:1","catch_line":"Retail sale of electricity in connection with the provision of electric vehicle charging service","url":"\/56-1.2_1\/","token":"56\/1\/1\/56-1.2_1","metadata":false},{"id":370048,"structure_id":52704,"section_number":"56-1.3","catch_line":"Regulation of Voice-over-Internet protocol service","url":"\/56-1.3\/","token":"56\/1\/1\/56-1.3","metadata":false},{"id":370090,"structure_id":52704,"section_number":"56-2","catch_line":"Public service corporations, etc., governed by provisions of this title","url":"\/56-2\/","token":"56\/1\/1\/56-2","metadata":false},{"id":370306,"structure_id":52704,"section_number":"56-3","catch_line":"Expenses prior to organization","url":"\/56-3\/","token":"56\/1\/1\/56-3","metadata":false},{"id":370356,"structure_id":52704,"section_number":"56-4","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/56-4\/","token":"56\/1\/1\/56-4","metadata":false},{"id":370514,"structure_id":52704,"section_number":"56-5","catch_line":"Triple damages for injury to property of public service corporation","url":"\/56-5\/","token":"56\/1\/1\/56-5","metadata":false},{"id":370513,"structure_id":52704,"section_number":"56-5.1","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/56-5.1\/","token":"56\/1\/1\/56-5.1","metadata":false},{"id":370680,"structure_id":52704,"section_number":"56-6","catch_line":"Remedies of persons aggrieved by public service corporation's violation of law","url":"\/56-6\/","token":"56\/1\/1\/56-6","metadata":false},{"id":370722,"structure_id":52704,"section_number":"56-7","catch_line":"Common law, etc., remedies not altered or abridged","url":"\/56-7\/","token":"56\/1\/1\/56-7","metadata":false},{"id":370735,"structure_id":52704,"section_number":"56-8","catch_line":"Repeal of charter","url":"\/56-8\/","token":"56\/1\/1\/56-8","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"Mark O'Hara Wright v. Andrew C. Graves, Esq.","case_number":"1079223","citation":null,"date":"2023-10-17","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/9433213\/mark-ohara-wright-v-andrew-c-graves-esq\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"1":{"name":"Mark O'Hara Wright v. Andrew C. Graves, Esq.","case_number":"1079223","citation":null,"date":"2023-10-17","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/9434732\/mark-ohara-wright-v-andrew-c-graves-esq\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"2":{"name":"United States ex rel. Davis v. U.S. Training Center, Inc.","case_number":"Civil No. 1:08cv1244","citation":"829 F. Supp. 2d 329","date":"2011-12-08","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/8711122\/united-states-ex-rel-davis-v-us-training-center-inc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. ORDER .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, E.D. Virginia"},"3":{"name":"United States v. Hernandez-Villanueva","case_number":"06-4211","citation":null,"date":"2007-01-10","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2968406\/united-states-v-hernandez-villanueva\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. PUBLISHED .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"4":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. Humphreys & Partners Architects v. Lessard Design, .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"14-2030","citation":"790 F.3d 532","date":"2015-06-23","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2810928\/humphreys-partners-architects-v-lessard-design-incorporated\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. Affirmed by published opinion. Judge DUNCAN -wrote the opinion, in which Judge SHEDD and Judge .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"5":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. Humphreys & Partners Architects v. Lessard Design, .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"14-2030","citation":null,"date":"2015-06-24","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2811286\/humphreys-partners-architects-v-lessard-design-inc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. PUBLISHED .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"6":{"name":"In re: GNC Corp. v.","case_number":"14-1724","citation":"789 F.3d 505","date":"2015-06-19","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2810184\/in-re-gnc-corp-v\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. Affirmed by published opinion. Judge FLOYD wrote the opinion, in which Judge NIEMEYER and Senior .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"7":{"name":"Wal-Mart Stores East, LP v. State Corporation Commission","case_number":"191160","citation":null,"date":"2020-07-09","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/4766624\/wal-mart-stores-east-lp-v-state-corporation-commission\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. PRESENT: Mims, Powell, Kelsey, McCullough, and Chafin, JJ., and Russell and Millette, S.JJ. .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"8":{"name":"JTH Tax, Inc. v. Lee","case_number":"2:06cv486","citation":"514 F. Supp. 2d 818","date":"2007-09-21","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1961758\/jth-tax-inc-v-lee\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 514 F.Supp.2d 818 (2007) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, E.D. Virginia"},"9":{"name":"Campbell v. Harmon","case_number":"051410.","citation":"628 S.E.2d 308","date":"2006-04-21","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1058841\/campbell-v-harmon\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 628 S.E.2d 308 (2006) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"}}}},{"id":370733,"structure_id":52704,"section_number":"56-8.1","catch_line":"Free services to members of General Assembly and others prohibited","url":"\/56-8.1\/","token":"56\/1\/1\/56-8.1","metadata":false},{"id":370734,"structure_id":52704,"section_number":"56-8.2","catch_line":"Appeals in rate cases","url":"\/56-8.2\/","token":"56\/1\/1\/56-8.2","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":370090,"structure_id":52704,"section_number":"56-2","catch_line":"Public service corporations, etc., governed by provisions of this title","url":"\/56-2\/","token":"56\/1\/1\/56-2","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":370356,"structure_id":52704,"section_number":"56-4","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/56-4\/","token":"56\/1\/1\/56-4","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/56-3\/","history_text":false,"references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1475505,"object_type":"law","relational_id":370306,"identifier":"56-3","token":"56\/1\/1\/56-3","url":"\/56-3\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/56-3\/","token":"56\/1\/1\/56-3","dublin_core":{"Title":"Expenses prior to organization","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 56-3","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>The expenses incurred prior to the organization of any <span class=\"dictionary\">public service corporation<\/span>, for preliminary surveys, or for stationery or advertising, or any other necessary matter or thing, may, if deemed reasonable by the president and directors, be paid by their <span class=\"dictionary\">order<\/span>.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nEXPENSES PRIOR TO ORGANIZATION (\u00a7 56-3)\n\nThe expenses incurred prior to the organization of any public service\ncorporation, for preliminary surveys, or for stationery or advertising, or any\nother necessary matter or thing, may, if deemed reasonable by the president and\ndirectors, be paid by their order.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1919, \u00a7 3901.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}