{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/55.1-1012.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/55.1-1012.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/55.1-1012.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/55.1-1012.html"}],"law_id":369185,"edition_id":2,"section_id":369185,"structure_id":52605,"section_number":"55.1-1012","catch_line":"Regulations and orders","history":"1997, c. 716, \u00a7 6.1-2.25; 2004, cc. 336, 597; 2010, c. 794, \u00a7 55-525.28; 2019, c. 712.","full_text":"Except as provided in \u00a7 55.1-1014, the appropriate licensing authority may issue summonses, subpoenas, rules, regulations, and orders, including educational requirements, consistent with and necessary to carry out the provisions of this chapter.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1376923,"text":"Except as provided in \u00a7 55.1-1014, the appropriate licensing authority may issue summonses, subpoenas, rules, regulations, and orders, including educational requirements, consistent with and necessary to carry out the provisions of this chapter.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":52605,"edition_id":2,"name":"Real Estate Settlement Agents","identifier":"10","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":5,"parent_id":52604,"metadata":{"child_laws":19,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:01:36","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:35:24","permalink":{"id":1472373,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52605,"identifier":"10","token":"55.1\/II\/10","url":"\/55.1\/II\/10\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":52604,"edition_id":2,"name":"Real Estate Settlements and Recordation","identifier":"II","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":2,"parent_id":52600,"metadata":{"child_laws":121,"child_structures":14},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:01:36","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:35:22","permalink":{"id":1472371,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52604,"identifier":"II","token":"55.1\/II","url":"\/55.1\/II\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":52600,"edition_id":2,"name":"Property and Conveyances","identifier":"55.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":120,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":875,"child_structures":101},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:01:36","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:35:20","permalink":{"id":1471771,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52600,"identifier":"55.1","token":"55.1","url":"\/55.1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":369171,"structure_id":52605,"section_number":"55.1-1000","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/55.1-1000\/","token":"55.1\/II\/10\/55.1-1000","metadata":false},{"id":369172,"structure_id":52605,"section_number":"55.1-1001","catch_line":"Limitation on applicability of chapter","url":"\/55.1-1001\/","token":"55.1\/II\/10\/55.1-1001","metadata":false},{"id":369173,"structure_id":52605,"section_number":"55.1-1002","catch_line":"Scope of chapter; lay real estate settlement agents","url":"\/55.1-1002\/","token":"55.1\/II\/10\/55.1-1002","metadata":false},{"id":369174,"structure_id":52605,"section_number":"55.1-1003","catch_line":"Persons who may act as a settlement agent","url":"\/55.1-1003\/","token":"55.1\/II\/10\/55.1-1003","metadata":false},{"id":369175,"structure_id":52605,"section_number":"55.1-1004","catch_line":"Duties of settlement agents","url":"\/55.1-1004\/","token":"55.1\/II\/10\/55.1-1004","metadata":false},{"id":369176,"structure_id":52605,"section_number":"55.1-1005","catch_line":"Persons prohibited from assisting or being employed by settlement agents","url":"\/55.1-1005\/","token":"55.1\/II\/10\/55.1-1005","metadata":false},{"id":369177,"structure_id":52605,"section_number":"55.1-1006","catch_line":"Choice of settlement agent","url":"\/55.1-1006\/","token":"55.1\/II\/10\/55.1-1006","metadata":false},{"id":369178,"structure_id":52605,"section_number":"55.1-1007","catch_line":"Disclosure","url":"\/55.1-1007\/","token":"55.1\/II\/10\/55.1-1007","metadata":false},{"id":369179,"structure_id":52605,"section_number":"55.1-1008","catch_line":"Conditions for providing escrow, closing, or settlement services and for maintaining escrow accounts","url":"\/55.1-1008\/","token":"55.1\/II\/10\/55.1-1008","metadata":false},{"id":369181,"structure_id":52605,"section_number":"55.1-1009","catch_line":"Falsifying settlement statements prohibited","url":"\/55.1-1009\/","token":"55.1\/II\/10\/55.1-1009","metadata":false},{"id":369180,"structure_id":52605,"section_number":"55.1-1009.1","catch_line":"Prohibition against payment or receipt of settlement services kickbacks, rebates, commissions, and other payments","url":"\/55.1-1009.1\/","token":"55.1\/II\/10\/55.1-1009.1","metadata":false},{"id":369183,"structure_id":52605,"section_number":"55.1-1010","catch_line":"Separate charge for reporting transactions limited","url":"\/55.1-1010\/","token":"55.1\/II\/10\/55.1-1010","metadata":false},{"id":369184,"structure_id":52605,"section_number":"55.1-1011","catch_line":"Record retention requirements","url":"\/55.1-1011\/","token":"55.1\/II\/10\/55.1-1011","metadata":false},{"id":369185,"structure_id":52605,"section_number":"55.1-1012","catch_line":"Regulations and orders","url":"\/55.1-1012\/","token":"55.1\/II\/10\/55.1-1012","metadata":false},{"id":369186,"structure_id":52605,"section_number":"55.1-1013","catch_line":"Accounting by title insurance companies","url":"\/55.1-1013\/","token":"55.1\/II\/10\/55.1-1013","metadata":false},{"id":369187,"structure_id":52605,"section_number":"55.1-1014","catch_line":"Settlement agent registration requirements and compliance with unauthorized practice of law guidelines; civil penalty","url":"\/55.1-1014\/","token":"55.1\/II\/10\/55.1-1014","metadata":false},{"id":369189,"structure_id":52605,"section_number":"55.1-1015","catch_line":"Penalties and liabilities","url":"\/55.1-1015\/","token":"55.1\/II\/10\/55.1-1015","metadata":false},{"id":369188,"structure_id":52605,"section_number":"55.1-1015.1","catch_line":"Civil penalties; attorney fees","url":"\/55.1-1015.1\/","token":"55.1\/II\/10\/55.1-1015.1","metadata":false},{"id":369190,"structure_id":52605,"section_number":"55.1-1016","catch_line":"Confidentiality of information obtained by the Commission","url":"\/55.1-1016\/","token":"55.1\/II\/10\/55.1-1016","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":369184,"structure_id":52605,"section_number":"55.1-1011","catch_line":"Record retention requirements","url":"\/55.1-1011\/","token":"55.1\/II\/10\/55.1-1011","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":369186,"structure_id":52605,"section_number":"55.1-1013","catch_line":"Accounting by title insurance companies","url":"\/55.1-1013\/","token":"55.1\/II\/10\/55.1-1013","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/55.1-1012\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 1997. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?971+ful+CHAP0716\">716<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. It has been modified 3 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 2004, chapters <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?041+ful+CHAP0336\">336<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?041+ful+CHAP0597\">597<\/a>; in 2010, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?101+ful+CHAP0794\">794<\/a>; in 2019, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?191+ful+CHAP0712\">712<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":369187,"section_number":"55.1-1014","catch_line":"Settlement agent registration requirements and compliance with unauthorized practice of law guidelines; civil penalty","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-1014\/"}],"permalink":{"id":1472427,"object_type":"law","relational_id":369185,"identifier":"55.1-1012","token":"55.1\/II\/10\/55.1-1012","url":"\/55.1-1012\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/55.1-1012\/","token":"55.1\/II\/10\/55.1-1012","dublin_core":{"Title":"Regulations and orders","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 55.1-1012","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>Except as provided in \u00a7&nbsp;<a class=\"law\" title=\"Settlement agent registration requirements and compliance with unauthorized practice of law guidelines; civil penalty\" href=\"\/55.1-1014\/\">55.1-1014<\/a>, the appropriate <span class=\"dictionary\">licensing authority<\/span> may <span class=\"dictionary\">issue<\/span> summonses, <span class=\"dictionary\">subpoenas<\/span>, rules, regulations, and <span class=\"dictionary\">orders<\/span>, including educational requirements, consistent with and necessary to carry out the provisions of this chapter.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nREGULATIONS AND ORDERS (\u00a7 55.1-1012)\n\nExcept as provided in \u00a7 55.1-1014, the appropriate licensing authority may\nissue summonses, subpoenas, rules, regulations, and orders, including\neducational requirements, consistent with and necessary to carry out the\nprovisions of this chapter.\n\nHISTORY: 1997, c. 716, \u00a7 6.1-2.25; 2004, cc. 336, 597; 2010, c. 794, \u00a7\n55-525.28; 2019, c. 712.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}