{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/53.1-144.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/53.1-144.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/53.1-144.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/53.1-144.html"}],"law_id":367583,"edition_id":2,"section_id":367583,"structure_id":52392,"section_number":"53.1-144","catch_line":"Term of officers","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 53-245; 1966, c. 638; 1974, cc. 44, 45; 1978, c. 595; 1979, c. 700; 1982, c. 636; 2003, c. 944.","full_text":"Each probation and parole officer shall be authorized initially for a term of one year. Subsequent authorizations shall be for indefinite periods.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1368305,"text":"Each probation and parole officer shall be authorized initially for a term of one year. Subsequent authorizations shall be for indefinite periods.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":52392,"edition_id":2,"name":"State Probation and Parole Services","identifier":"2","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":2,"parent_id":52390,"metadata":{"child_laws":11,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:58:18","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:34:48","permalink":{"id":1465935,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52392,"identifier":"2","token":"53.1\/4\/2","url":"\/53.1\/4\/2\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":52390,"edition_id":2,"name":"Probation and Parole","identifier":"4","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":4,"parent_id":52379,"metadata":{"child_laws":54,"child_structures":6},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:58:17","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:34:48","permalink":{"id":1465891,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52390,"identifier":"4","token":"53.1\/4","url":"\/53.1\/4\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":52379,"edition_id":2,"name":"Prisons and Other Methods of Correction","identifier":"53.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":117,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":402,"child_structures":56},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:58:08","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:34:44","permalink":{"id":1464593,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52379,"identifier":"53.1","token":"53.1","url":"\/53.1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":367580,"structure_id":52392,"section_number":"53.1-141","catch_line":"Division into probation and parole districts","url":"\/53.1-141\/","token":"53.1\/4\/2\/53.1-141","metadata":false},{"id":367581,"structure_id":52392,"section_number":"53.1-142","catch_line":"Assignments of officers to districts","url":"\/53.1-142\/","token":"53.1\/4\/2\/53.1-142","metadata":false},{"id":367582,"structure_id":52392,"section_number":"53.1-143","catch_line":"How officers authorized","url":"\/53.1-143\/","token":"53.1\/4\/2\/53.1-143","metadata":false},{"id":367583,"structure_id":52392,"section_number":"53.1-144","catch_line":"Term of officers","url":"\/53.1-144\/","token":"53.1\/4\/2\/53.1-144","metadata":false},{"id":367584,"structure_id":52392,"section_number":"53.1-145","catch_line":"Powers and duties of probation and parole officers","url":"\/53.1-145\/","token":"53.1\/4\/2\/53.1-145","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"Murry v. 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Commonwealth","case_number":"2040964","citation":"492 S.E.2d 482","date":"1997-11-04","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1067261\/miller-v-commonwealth\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 492 S.E.2d 482 (1997) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"4":{"name":"Stacy Lamar Ellis v. Commonwealth of Virginia","case_number":"0253244","citation":null,"date":"2025-04-22","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/10382230\/stacy-lamar-ellis-v-commonwealth-of-virginia\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"5":{"name":"Commonwealth v. Canales","case_number":"1230829","citation":null,"date":"2025-04-10","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/10375912\/commonwealth-v-canales\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. PRESENT: All the Justices .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"6":{"name":"Barnette v. Commonwealth","case_number":"0997953","citation":"478 S.E.2d 707","date":"1996-12-10","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1067697\/barnette-v-commonwealth\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. ELDER, Judge, .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"7":{"name":"Kenneth Ray Palmer v. Commonwealth","case_number":"0542053","citation":"48 Va. App. 457","date":"2006-08-01","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1063195\/kenneth-ray-palmer-v-commonwealth\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. WILLIS, Judge. .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"8":{"name":"Fox v. Custis","case_number":"Record 850942","citation":"372 S.E.2d 373","date":"1988-09-23","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1222826\/fox-v-custis\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 372 S.E.2d 373 (1988) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"}}}},{"id":367585,"structure_id":52392,"section_number":"53.1-146","catch_line":"Use of officers as to persons convicted of local violations; payment of expenses","url":"\/53.1-146\/","token":"53.1\/4\/2\/53.1-146","metadata":false},{"id":367586,"structure_id":52392,"section_number":"53.1-147","catch_line":"Compensation; expenses","url":"\/53.1-147\/","token":"53.1\/4\/2\/53.1-147","metadata":false},{"id":367587,"structure_id":52392,"section_number":"53.1-148","catch_line":"Transfer of supervision from one probation officer to another","url":"\/53.1-148\/","token":"53.1\/4\/2\/53.1-148","metadata":false},{"id":367588,"structure_id":52392,"section_number":"53.1-149","catch_line":"Arrest of probationer without warrant; written statement; timeframe for service of process","url":"\/53.1-149\/","token":"53.1\/4\/2\/53.1-149","metadata":false},{"id":367591,"structure_id":52392,"section_number":"53.1-150","catch_line":"Contributions by persons on parole, probation, and work release","url":"\/53.1-150\/","token":"53.1\/4\/2\/53.1-150","metadata":false},{"id":367590,"structure_id":52392,"section_number":"53.1-150.1","catch_line":"Contribution by persons on parole","url":"\/53.1-150.1\/","token":"53.1\/4\/2\/53.1-150.1","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":367582,"structure_id":52392,"section_number":"53.1-143","catch_line":"How officers authorized","url":"\/53.1-143\/","token":"53.1\/4\/2\/53.1-143","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":367584,"structure_id":52392,"section_number":"53.1-145","catch_line":"Powers and duties of probation and parole officers","url":"\/53.1-145\/","token":"53.1\/4\/2\/53.1-145","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"Murry v. 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Commonwealth","case_number":"2040964","citation":"492 S.E.2d 482","date":"1997-11-04","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1067261\/miller-v-commonwealth\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 492 S.E.2d 482 (1997) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"4":{"name":"Stacy Lamar Ellis v. Commonwealth of Virginia","case_number":"0253244","citation":null,"date":"2025-04-22","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/10382230\/stacy-lamar-ellis-v-commonwealth-of-virginia\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"5":{"name":"Commonwealth v. Canales","case_number":"1230829","citation":null,"date":"2025-04-10","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/10375912\/commonwealth-v-canales\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. PRESENT: All the Justices .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"6":{"name":"Barnette v. Commonwealth","case_number":"0997953","citation":"478 S.E.2d 707","date":"1996-12-10","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1067697\/barnette-v-commonwealth\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. ELDER, Judge, .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"7":{"name":"Kenneth Ray Palmer v. Commonwealth","case_number":"0542053","citation":"48 Va. App. 457","date":"2006-08-01","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1063195\/kenneth-ray-palmer-v-commonwealth\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. WILLIS, Judge. .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"8":{"name":"Fox v. Custis","case_number":"Record 850942","citation":"372 S.E.2d 373","date":"1988-09-23","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1222826\/fox-v-custis\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 372 S.E.2d 373 (1988) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"}}}},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/53.1-144\/","history_text":"<p>The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 6 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1966, chapter 638; in 1974, chapters 44 and 45; in 1978, chapter 595; in 1979, chapter 700; in 1982, chapter 636; in 2003, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?031+ful+CHAP0944\">944<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1465949,"object_type":"law","relational_id":367583,"identifier":"53.1-144","token":"53.1\/4\/2\/53.1-144","url":"\/53.1-144\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/53.1-144\/","token":"53.1\/4\/2\/53.1-144","dublin_core":{"Title":"Term of officers","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 53.1-144","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>Each <span class=\"dictionary\">probation<\/span> and <span class=\"dictionary\">parole<\/span> officer shall be authorized initially for a term of one year. Subsequent authorizations shall be for indefinite periods.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nTERM OF OFFICERS (\u00a7 53.1-144)\n\nEach probation and parole officer shall be authorized initially for a term of\none year. Subsequent authorizations shall be for indefinite periods.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7 53-245; 1966, c. 638; 1974, cc. 44, 45; 1978, c. 595;\n1979, c. 700; 1982, c. 636; 2003, c. 944.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}