{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/52-36.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/52-36.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/52-36.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/52-36.html"}],"law_id":367443,"edition_id":2,"section_id":367443,"structure_id":52374,"section_number":"52-36","catch_line":"Definitions","history":"1998, c. 590; 2000, c. 526; 2011, c. 208.","full_text":"As used in this chapter, the following words shall have the following meanings:\n\n“Commission” means the State Corporation Commission.\n\n“Insurance fraud” means any commission or attempted commission of the criminal acts and practices defined in \u00a7 18.2-178 which involve any type of insurance as defined in \u00a7\u00a7 38.2-110 through 38.2-122.2 and 38.2-124 through 38.2-132.\n\n“Insurance policy” means a contract or other written instrument between an insured and insurer setting forth the obligations and responsibilities of each party.\n\n“Insurance premium finance company” has the same meaning as specified in \u00a7 38.2-4700.\n\n“Insurance professional” means adjusters, agents, managing general agents, surplus lines brokers, reinsurance intermediaries, insurance consultants, brokers, and attorneys-in-fact.\n\n“Insurance transaction,” “insurance business,” and “business of insurance” include solicitation, negotiations preliminary to execution of an insurance contract, execution of an insurance contract and the transaction of matters subsequent to execution of a contract and arising out of it, and matters arising out of any relationship among or between an insured, an insurer and a third party for which an insurance policy provides coverage.\n\n“Insured” means any person covered by an insurance policy.\n\n“Insurer” means any person subject to regulation pursuant to Title 38.2, 46.2, or 65.2 engaged in the business of making, or purporting to make, contracts of insurance and any self-insured private or public employer; however, this term shall not include (i) any person licensed by or subject to regulation pursuant to Chapter 18 (\u00a7 38.2-1800 et seq.) of Title 38.2, (ii) title insurers subject to regulation pursuant to Chapter 46 (\u00a7 38.2-4600 et seq.) of Title 38.2, (iii) continuing care providers subject to registration pursuant to Chapter 49 (\u00a7 38.2-4900 et seq.) of Title 38.2, and (iv) purchasing groups authorized by Chapter 51 (\u00a7 38.2-5100 et seq.) of Title 38.2.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1367928,"text":"As used in this chapter, the following words shall have the following meanings:","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"next_prefix":""},"1":{"id":1367929,"text":"“Commission” means the State Corporation Commission.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":""},"2":{"id":1367930,"text":"“Insurance fraud” means any commission or attempted commission of the criminal acts and practices defined in \u00a7 18.2-178 which involve any type of insurance as defined in \u00a7\u00a7 38.2-110 through 38.2-122.2 and 38.2-124 through 38.2-132.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":""},"3":{"id":1367931,"text":"“Insurance policy” means a contract or other written instrument between an insured and insurer setting forth the obligations and responsibilities of each party.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":""},"4":{"id":1367932,"text":"“Insurance premium finance company” has the same meaning as specified in \u00a7 38.2-4700.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":""},"5":{"id":1367933,"text":"“Insurance professional” means adjusters, agents, managing general agents, surplus lines brokers, reinsurance intermediaries, insurance consultants, brokers, and attorneys-in-fact.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":""},"6":{"id":1367934,"text":"“Insurance transaction,” “insurance business,” and “business of insurance” include solicitation, negotiations preliminary to execution of an insurance contract, execution of an insurance contract and the transaction of matters subsequent to execution of a contract and arising out of it, and matters arising out of any relationship among or between an insured, an insurer and a third party for which an insurance policy provides coverage.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":""},"7":{"id":1367935,"text":"“Insured” means any person covered by an insurance policy.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":""},"8":{"id":1367936,"text":"“Insurer” means any person subject to regulation pursuant to Title 38.2, 46.2, or 65.2 engaged in the business of making, or purporting to make, contracts of insurance and any self-insured private or public employer; however, this term shall not include (i) any person licensed by or subject to regulation pursuant to Chapter 18 (\u00a7 38.2-1800 et seq.) of Title 38.2, (ii) title insurers subject to regulation pursuant to Chapter 46 (\u00a7 38.2-4600 et seq.) of Title 38.2, (iii) continuing care providers subject to registration pursuant to Chapter 49 (\u00a7 38.2-4900 et seq.) of Title 38.2, and (iv) purchasing groups authorized by Chapter 51 (\u00a7 38.2-5100 et seq.) of Title 38.2.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"prior_prefix":""}},"ancestry":[{"id":52374,"edition_id":2,"name":"Insurance Fraud","identifier":"9","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":10,"parent_id":52357,"metadata":{"child_laws":9,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:58:04","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:34:43","permalink":{"id":1464555,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52374,"identifier":"9","token":"52\/9","url":"\/52\/9\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":52357,"edition_id":2,"name":"Police (State)","identifier":"52","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":114,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":105,"child_structures":21},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:57:57","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:34:41","permalink":{"id":1464129,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52357,"identifier":"52","token":"52","url":"\/52\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":367443,"structure_id":52374,"section_number":"52-36","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/52-36\/","token":"52\/9\/52-36","metadata":false},{"id":367444,"structure_id":52374,"section_number":"52-37","catch_line":"Insurance Fraud Investigation Unit established; powers and duties of Department of State Police","url":"\/52-37\/","token":"52\/9\/52-37","metadata":false},{"id":367445,"structure_id":52374,"section_number":"52-38","catch_line":"Access to evidence, documentation, and related materials","url":"\/52-38\/","token":"52\/9\/52-38","metadata":false},{"id":367446,"structure_id":52374,"section_number":"52-39","catch_line":"Confidentiality and immunity from service of process","url":"\/52-39\/","token":"52\/9\/52-39","metadata":false},{"id":367453,"structure_id":52374,"section_number":"52-40","catch_line":"Duties of insurers, their employees and insurance professionals","url":"\/52-40\/","token":"52\/9\/52-40","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"Parrish v. Fed. Nat'l Mortg. Ass'n","case_number":"Record 150454","citation":"787 S.E.2d 116","date":"2016-06-16","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/3214023\/parrish-v-fed-natl-mortg-assn\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. OPINION BY JUSTICE WILLIAM C. MIMS .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"SCV<\/abbr>"},"1":{"name":"Roe v. Commonwealth","case_number":"3030032","citation":"609 S.E.2d 635","date":"2005-03-08","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1063571\/roe-v-commonwealth\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. McCLANAHAN, Judge. .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"COA<\/abbr>"},"2":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. Appalachian Voices v. United States Department of the .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"23-1384","citation":"78 F.4th 71","date":"2023-08-11","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/9419942\/appalachian-voices-v-united-states-department-of-the-interior\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. USCA4 Appeal: 23-1384 Doc: 70 Filed: 08\/11\/2023 Pg: 1 of 28 .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"3":{"name":"Wilderness Society v. United States Forest Service","case_number":"23-1592","citation":null,"date":"2023-08-11","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/9419931\/wilderness-society-v-united-states-forest-service\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. USCA4 Appeal: 23-1592 Doc: 64 Filed: 08\/11\/2023 Pg: 1 of 28 .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"4":{"name":"Wilderness Society v. Bureau of Land Management","case_number":"23-1594","citation":null,"date":"2023-08-11","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/9419932\/wilderness-society-v-bureau-of-land-management\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. USCA4 Appeal: 23-1594 Doc: 63 Filed: 08\/11\/2023 Pg: 1 of 28 .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"5":{"name":"Norfolk Dredging Company v. John L. 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","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"}}}},{"id":367454,"structure_id":52374,"section_number":"52-41","catch_line":"Receipt of information; immunity from liability","url":"\/52-41\/","token":"52\/9\/52-41","metadata":false},{"id":367455,"structure_id":52374,"section_number":"52-42","catch_line":"Reward fund","url":"\/52-42\/","token":"52\/9\/52-42","metadata":false},{"id":367456,"structure_id":52374,"section_number":"52-43","catch_line":"Reports","url":"\/52-43\/","token":"52\/9\/52-43","metadata":false},{"id":367457,"structure_id":52374,"section_number":"52-44","catch_line":"Other law-enforcement authority","url":"\/52-44\/","token":"52\/9\/52-44","metadata":false}],"next_section":{"id":367444,"structure_id":52374,"section_number":"52-37","catch_line":"Insurance Fraud Investigation Unit established; powers and duties of Department of State Police","url":"\/52-37\/","token":"52\/9\/52-37","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/52-36\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1998. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 590<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 2000, chapter 526<\/a>; in 2011, chapter 208<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":362552,"section_number":"38.2-415","catch_line":"Assessment to fund program to reduce losses from insurance fraud","order_by":null,"url":"\/38.2-415\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":350399,"section_number":"18.2-178","catch_line":"Obtaining money or signature, etc., by false pretense","order_by":null,"url":"\/18.2-178\/"},{"id":361211,"section_number":"38.2-110","catch_line":"Fire","order_by":null,"url":"\/38.2-110\/"},{"id":361254,"section_number":"38.2-122.2","catch_line":"Credit property insurance","order_by":null,"url":"\/38.2-122.2\/"},{"id":361269,"section_number":"38.2-124","catch_line":"Motor vehicle","order_by":null,"url":"\/38.2-124\/"},{"id":361310,"section_number":"38.2-132","catch_line":"Commercial multi-peril insurance","order_by":null,"url":"\/38.2-132\/"},{"id":361537,"section_number":"38.2-1800","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/38.2-1800\/"},{"id":362674,"section_number":"38.2-4600","catch_line":"Class of insurance and insurance companies to which chapter applies","order_by":null,"url":"\/38.2-4600\/"},{"id":362694,"section_number":"38.2-4700","catch_line":"What persons deemed insurance premium finance companies","order_by":null,"url":"\/38.2-4700\/"},{"id":362723,"section_number":"38.2-4900","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/38.2-4900\/"},{"id":362796,"section_number":"38.2-5100","catch_line":"Purpose","order_by":null,"url":"\/38.2-5100\/"}],"permalink":{"id":1464557,"object_type":"law","relational_id":367443,"identifier":"52-36","token":"52\/9\/52-36","url":"\/52-36\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/52-36\/","token":"52\/9\/52-36","dublin_core":{"Title":"Definitions","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 52-36","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

As used in this chapter, the following words shall have the following meanings:<\/p>

“Commission<\/span>” means the State Corporation Commission<\/span>.<\/p>

“Insurance fraud<\/span>” means any commission<\/span> or attempted commission<\/span> of the criminal acts and practices defined in \u00a7 18.2-178<\/a> which involve any type of insurance as defined in \u00a7\u00a7 38.2-110<\/a> through 38.2-122.2<\/a> and 38.2-124<\/a> through 38.2-132<\/a>.<\/p>

“Insurance policy<\/span>” means a contract<\/span> or other written instrument between an insured<\/span> and insurer<\/span> setting forth the obligations and responsibilities of each party<\/span>.<\/p>

“Insurance premium finance company<\/span>” has the same meaning as specified in \u00a7 38.2-4700<\/a>.<\/p>

“Insurance professional<\/span>” means adjusters, agents, managing general agents, surplus lines brokers, reinsurance intermediaries, insurance consultants, brokers, and attorneys-in-fact<\/span>.<\/p>

“Insurance transaction,” “insurance business,” and “business of insurance” include solicitation, negotiations preliminary to execution of an insurance contract<\/span>, execution of an insurance contract<\/span> and the transaction of matters subsequent to execution of a contract<\/span> and arising out of it, and matters arising out of any relationship among or between an insured<\/span>, an insurer<\/span> and a third party<\/span> for which an insurance policy<\/span> provides coverage.<\/p>

“Insured<\/span>” means any person covered by an insurance policy<\/span>.<\/p>

“Insurer<\/span>” means any person subject to regulation pursuant to Title 38.2, 46.2, or 65.2 engaged in the business of making, or purporting to make, contracts<\/span> of insurance and any self-insured<\/span> private or public employer; however, this term shall not include (i) any person licensed by or subject to regulation pursuant to Chapter 18 (\u00a7 38.2-1800<\/a> et seq.) of Title 38.2, (ii) title insurers<\/span> subject to regulation pursuant to Chapter 46 (\u00a7 38.2-4600<\/a> et seq.) of Title 38.2, (iii) continuing care providers subject to registration pursuant to Chapter 49 (\u00a7 38.2-4900<\/a> et seq.) of Title 38.2, and (iv) purchasing groups authorized by Chapter 51 (\u00a7 38.2-5100<\/a> et seq.) of Title 38.2.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nDEFINITIONS (\u00a7 52-36)\n\nAs used in this chapter, the following words shall have the following meanings:\n\n“Commission” means the State Corporation Commission.\n\n“Insurance fraud” means any commission or attempted commission of\nthe criminal acts and practices defined in \u00a7 18.2-178 which involve any type of\ninsurance as defined in \u00a7\u00a7 38.2-110 through 38.2-122.2 and 38.2-124 through\n38.2-132.\n\n“Insurance policy” means a contract or other written instrument\nbetween an insured and insurer setting forth the obligations and\nresponsibilities of each party.\n\n“Insurance premium finance company” has the same meaning as\nspecified in \u00a7 38.2-4700.\n\n“Insurance professional” means adjusters, agents, managing general\nagents, surplus lines brokers, reinsurance intermediaries, insurance\nconsultants, brokers, and attorneys-in-fact.\n\n“Insurance transaction,” “insurance business,” and\n“business of insurance” include solicitation, negotiations\npreliminary to execution of an insurance contract, execution of an insurance\ncontract and the transaction of matters subsequent to execution of a contract\nand arising out of it, and matters arising out of any relationship among or\nbetween an insured, an insurer and a third party for which an insurance policy\nprovides coverage.\n\n“Insured” means any person covered by an insurance policy.\n\n“Insurer” means any person subject to regulation pursuant to Title\n38.2, 46.2, or 65.2 engaged in the business of making, or purporting to make,\ncontracts of insurance and any self-insured private or public employer; however,\nthis term shall not include (i) any person licensed by or subject to regulation\npursuant to Chapter 18 (\u00a7 38.2-1800 et seq.) of Title 38.2, (ii) title insurers\nsubject to regulation pursuant to Chapter 46 (\u00a7 38.2-4600 et seq.) of Title\n38.2, (iii) continuing care providers subject to registration pursuant to\nChapter 49 (\u00a7 38.2-4900 et seq.) of Title 38.2, and (iv) purchasing groups\nauthorized by Chapter 51 (\u00a7 38.2-5100 et seq.) of Title 38.2.\n\nHISTORY: 1998, c. 590; 2000, c. 526; 2011, c. 208.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}