{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/48-16.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/48-16.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/48-16.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/48-16.html"}],"law_id":366451,"edition_id":2,"section_id":366451,"structure_id":52216,"section_number":"48-16","catch_line":"Closure of nuisance involving illegal drug transactions","history":"2004, c. 462.","full_text":"A\n\nUpon a conviction under § 18.2-258 and after due notice and opportunity to be heard on the part of any owner, lessor, or a lienholder not involved in the original offense, by a proceeding similar to that in Chapter 22.1 (§ 19.2-386.1 et seq.) of Title 19.2 and upon proof of guilty knowledge, a court may order that such house, motor vehicle, aircraft, boat, vessel, or other premises, or any room or part thereof, be closed, but the court may, upon the owner or lessor giving bond in the penalty of not less than $500 and with security to be approved by the court, conditioned that the premises shall not be used for unlawful purposes, turn the same over to its owner or lessor; or proceeding may be had in equity as provided in § 48-17.\n\nB\n\nThe penalties provided in this section shall be in addition to any other penalty provided by law, including immediate termination of a rental agreement as provided in § 55.1-1245.\n\nC\n\nIn a civil or in rem proceeding under the provisions of this section judgment shall not be entered against the owner, lessor, or lienholder of property unless it is proved (i) that he knew of the unlawful use of the property and (ii) that he had the right, because of such unlawful use, to enter and repossess the property.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1364666,"text":"Upon a conviction under § 18.2-258 and after due notice and opportunity to be heard on the part of any owner, lessor, or a lienholder not involved in the original offense, by a proceeding similar to that in Chapter 22.1 (§ 19.2-386.1 et seq.) of Title 19.2 and upon proof of guilty knowledge, a court may order that such house, motor vehicle, aircraft, boat, vessel, or other premises, or any room or part thereof, be closed, but the court may, upon the owner or lessor giving bond in the penalty of not less than $500 and with security to be approved by the court, conditioned that the premises shall not be used for unlawful purposes, turn the same over to its owner or lessor; or proceeding may be had in equity as provided in § 48-17.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":1364667,"text":"The penalties provided in this section shall be in addition to any other penalty provided by law, including immediate termination of a rental agreement as provided in § 55.1-1245.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":1364668,"text":"In a civil or in rem proceeding under the provisions of this section judgment shall not be entered against the owner, lessor, or lienholder of property unless it is proved (i) that he knew of the unlawful use of the property and (ii) that he had the right, because of such unlawful use, to enter and repossess the property.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B"}},"ancestry":[{"id":52216,"edition_id":2,"name":"Houses of Prostitution, Etc.","identifier":"2","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":2,"parent_id":52214,"metadata":{"child_laws":12,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:56:11","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:34:27","permalink":{"id":1460123,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52216,"identifier":"2","token":"48\/2","url":"\/48\/2\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":52214,"edition_id":2,"name":"Nuisances","identifier":"48","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":104,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":18,"child_structures":2},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:56:11","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:34:27","permalink":{"id":1460095,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52214,"identifier":"48","token":"48","url":"\/48\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":366445,"structure_id":52216,"section_number":"48-10","catch_line":"Contempt proceedings","url":"\/48-10\/","token":"48\/2\/48-10","metadata":false},{"id":366446,"structure_id":52216,"section_number":"48-11","catch_line":"Punishment for contempt","url":"\/48-11\/","token":"48\/2\/48-11","metadata":false},{"id":366447,"structure_id":52216,"section_number":"48-12","catch_line":"Order of abatement of nuisance; 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","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"1":{"name":"United States v. Rudisill","case_number":"No. 10-6181","citation":"380 F. App'x 309","date":"2010-05-27","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/8507492\/united-states-v-rudisill\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. Affirmed by unpublished PER CURIAM opinion. .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"2":{"name":"Rebecca Jones Richard v. Commonwealth of Virginia","case_number":"1722193","citation":null,"date":"2020-12-08","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/4836672\/rebecca-jones-richard-v-commonwealth-of-virginia\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"COA<\/abbr>"},"3":{"name":"Commonwealth v. 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","court_html":"District Court, E.D. Virginia"},"4":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. In Re: Robert v. Matthews, United States of America, and .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"04-1113","citation":"395 F.3d 477","date":"2005-01-26","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/788962\/in-re-robert-v-matthews-united-states-of-america-and-state-of-north\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 395 F.3d 477 .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"5":{"name":"Crawford v. Commonwealth","case_number":"1194072","citation":"686 S.E.2d 557","date":"2009-12-29","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1062279\/crawford-v-commonwealth\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. *462UPON REHEARING EN BANC .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"COA<\/abbr>"},"6":{"name":"LaVay Corp. v. Dominion Federal Savings & Loan Ass'n","case_number":"Nos. 86-1699(L), 86-1703 and 86-1705","citation":"830 F.2d 522","date":"1987-10-02","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/8963458\/lavay-corp-v-dominion-federal-savings-loan-assn\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. HARRISON L. WINTER, Chief Judge: .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"7":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. The Lavay Corporation Gerard M. Lavay v. Dominion Federal .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"86-1699","citation":"830 F.2d 522","date":"1987-11-06","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/495238\/the-lavay-corporation-gerard-m-lavay-v-dominion-federal-savings-loan\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 830 F.2d 522 .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"8":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. Elizabeth Dole, Secretary, United States Department of Labor .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"89-2341","citation":"899 F.2d 1389","date":"1990-04-05","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/539188\/elizabeth-dole-secretary-united-states-department-of-labor-equal\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 899 F.2d 1389 .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"9":{"name":"Wolford v. United States","case_number":"Civil Action No. 1:09cv723. Criminal No. 1:06cr113","citation":"722 F. Supp. 2d 664","date":"2010-07-02","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2542215\/wolford-v-united-states\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 722 F.Supp.2d 664 (2010) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, E.D. Virginia"}}}},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/48-16\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2004. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 462<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":350574,"section_number":"18.2-258","catch_line":"Certain premises deemed common nuisance; penalty","order_by":null,"url":"\/18.2-258\/"},{"id":351775,"section_number":"19.2-386.1","catch_line":"Commencing an action of forfeiture","order_by":null,"url":"\/19.2-386.1\/"},{"id":366453,"section_number":"48-17","catch_line":"Enjoining nuisances involving illegal drug transactions","order_by":null,"url":"\/48-17\/"},{"id":369268,"section_number":"55.1-1245","catch_line":"(Effective the later of July 1, 2028, or 7 years after the COVID-19 pandemic state of emergency expires) Noncompliance with rental agreement; monetary penalty","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-1245\/"}],"permalink":{"id":1460149,"object_type":"law","relational_id":366451,"identifier":"48-16","token":"48\/2\/48-16","url":"\/48-16\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/48-16\/","token":"48\/2\/48-16","dublin_core":{"Title":"Closure of nuisance involving illegal drug transactions","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 48-16","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> Upon a conviction<\/span> under § 18.2-258<\/a> and after due notice and opportunity to be heard on the part of any owner, lessor, or a lienholder not involved in the original offense<\/span>, by a proceeding similar to that in Chapter 22.1 (§ 19.2-386.1<\/a> et seq.) of Title 19.2 and upon proof of guilty knowledge, a court<\/span> may order<\/span> that such house, motor vehicle, aircraft, boat, vessel, or other premises, or any room or part thereof, be closed, but the court<\/span> may, upon the owner or lessor giving bond<\/span> in the penalty<\/span> of not less than $500 and with security to be approved by the court<\/span>, conditioned that the premises shall not be used for unlawful purposes, turn the same over to its owner or lessor; or proceeding may be had in equity<\/span> as provided in § 48-17<\/a>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> The penalties provided in this section shall be in addition to any other penalty<\/span> provided by law<\/span>, including immediate termination of a rental agreement as provided in § 55.1-1245<\/a>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> In a civil or in rem proceeding under the provisions of this section judgment<\/span> shall not be entered against the owner, lessor, or lienholder of property unless it is proved (i) that he knew of the unlawful use of the property and (ii) that he had the right, because of such unlawful use, to enter and repossess the property. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nCLOSURE OF NUISANCE INVOLVING ILLEGAL DRUG TRANSACTIONS (\u00a7 48-16)\n\nA. Upon a conviction under § 18.2-258 and after due notice and opportunity\nto be heard on the part of any owner, lessor, or a lienholder not involved in\nthe original offense, by a proceeding similar to that in Chapter 22.1 (§\n19.2-386.1 et seq.) of Title 19.2 and upon proof of guilty knowledge, a court\nmay order that such house, motor vehicle, aircraft, boat, vessel, or other\npremises, or any room or part thereof, be closed, but the court may, upon the\nowner or lessor giving bond in the penalty of not less than $500 and with\nsecurity to be approved by the court, conditioned that the premises shall not be\nused for unlawful purposes, turn the same over to its owner or lessor; or\nproceeding may be had in equity as provided in § 48-17.\n\nB. The penalties provided in this section shall be in addition to any other\npenalty provided by law, including immediate termination of a rental agreement\nas provided in § 55.1-1245.\n\nC. In a civil or in rem proceeding under the provisions of this section judgment\nshall not be entered against the owner, lessor, or lienholder of property unless\nit is proved (i) that he knew of the unlawful use of the property and (ii) that\nhe had the right, because of such unlawful use, to enter and repossess the\nproperty.\n\nHISTORY: 2004, c. 462.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}