{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/46.2-490.8.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/46.2-490.8.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/46.2-490.8.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/46.2-490.8.html"}],"law_id":365768,"edition_id":2,"section_id":365768,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-490.8","catch_line":"Grounds for denying, suspending, or revoking licenses of clinics and clinic instructors","history":"2004, c. 622.","full_text":"A clinic or instructor license may be denied, suspended, or revoked on any one or more of the following grounds:\n\n1\n\nMaterial misstatement or omission in an application for a driver improvement clinic license or a driver improvement clinic instructor license;\n\n2\n\nFailure to comply subsequent to receipt of a written warning from the Department for any willful failure to comply with any provision of this chapter or any regulation promulgated by the Commissioner under this chapter; or any criteria established by the Department pursuant to this chapter;\n\n3\n\nDefrauding any student in a driver improvement clinic, or any other person in the conduct of a driver improvement clinic’s business;\n\n4\n\nEmployment of fraudulent devices, methods or practices in connection with compliance with the requirements under the statutes of the Commonwealth;\n\n5\n\nHaving used deceptive acts or practices;\n\n6\n\nKnowingly advertising by any means any assertion, representation, or statement of fact which is untrue, misleading, or deceptive in any particular relating to the conduct of a clinic;\n\n7\n\nHaving been convicted of any fraudulent act in connection with a driver improvement clinic or driver training school, or any consumer-related fraud;\n\n8\n\nHaving been convicted of any criminal act involving the operation of a driver improvement clinic or driver training school;\n\n9\n\nHaving been convicted of a felony;\n\n10\n\nFailing or refusing to pay civil penalties imposed by the Department pursuant to § 46.2-490.6.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1362721,"text":"A clinic or instructor license may be denied, suspended, or revoked on any one or more of the following grounds:","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"next_prefix":"1"},"1":{"id":1362722,"text":"Material misstatement or omission in an application for a driver improvement clinic license or a driver improvement clinic instructor license;","type":"section","prefixes":["1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"1","prefix_anchor":"1","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":"2"},"2":{"id":1362723,"text":"Failure to comply subsequent to receipt of a written warning from the Department for any willful failure to comply with any provision of this chapter or any regulation promulgated by the Commissioner under this chapter; or any criteria established by the Department pursuant to this chapter;","type":"section","prefixes":["2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"2","prefix_anchor":"2","level":1,"prior_prefix":"1","next_prefix":"3"},"3":{"id":1362724,"text":"Defrauding any student in a driver improvement clinic, or any other person in the conduct of a driver improvement clinic’s business;","type":"section","prefixes":["3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"3","prefix_anchor":"3","level":1,"prior_prefix":"2","next_prefix":"4"},"4":{"id":1362725,"text":"Employment of fraudulent devices, methods or practices in connection with compliance with the requirements under the statutes of the Commonwealth;","type":"section","prefixes":["4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"4","prefix_anchor":"4","level":1,"prior_prefix":"3","next_prefix":"5"},"5":{"id":1362726,"text":"Having used deceptive acts or practices;","type":"section","prefixes":["5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"5","prefix_anchor":"5","level":1,"prior_prefix":"4","next_prefix":"6"},"6":{"id":1362727,"text":"Knowingly advertising by any means any assertion, representation, or statement of fact which is untrue, misleading, or deceptive in any particular relating to the conduct of a clinic;","type":"section","prefixes":["6"],"prefix":"6","entire_prefix":"6","prefix_anchor":"6","level":1,"prior_prefix":"5","next_prefix":"7"},"7":{"id":1362728,"text":"Having been convicted of any fraudulent act in connection with a driver improvement clinic or driver training school, or any consumer-related fraud;","type":"section","prefixes":["7"],"prefix":"7","entire_prefix":"7","prefix_anchor":"7","level":1,"prior_prefix":"6","next_prefix":"8"},"8":{"id":1362729,"text":"Having been convicted of any criminal act involving the operation of a driver improvement clinic or driver training school;","type":"section","prefixes":["8"],"prefix":"8","entire_prefix":"8","prefix_anchor":"8","level":1,"prior_prefix":"7","next_prefix":"9"},"9":{"id":1362730,"text":"Having been convicted of a felony;","type":"section","prefixes":["9"],"prefix":"9","entire_prefix":"9","prefix_anchor":"9","level":1,"prior_prefix":"8","next_prefix":"10"},"10":{"id":1362731,"text":"Failing or refusing to pay civil penalties imposed by the Department pursuant to § 46.2-490.6.","type":"section","prefixes":["10"],"prefix":"10","entire_prefix":"10","prefix_anchor":"10","level":1,"prior_prefix":"9"}},"ancestry":[{"id":52168,"edition_id":2,"name":"Driver Improvement Program","identifier":"19","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":20,"parent_id":52148,"metadata":{"child_laws":29,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:54:44","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:34:05","permalink":{"id":1453229,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52168,"identifier":"19","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19","url":"\/46.2\/II\/3\/19\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":52148,"edition_id":2,"name":"Licensure of Drivers","identifier":"3","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":52147,"metadata":{"child_laws":313,"child_structures":20},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:54:13","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:34:03","permalink":{"id":1452631,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52148,"identifier":"3","token":"46.2\/II\/3","url":"\/46.2\/II\/3\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":52147,"edition_id":2,"name":"Titling, Registration and Licensure","identifier":"II","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":2,"parent_id":52048,"metadata":{"child_laws":724,"child_structures":36},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:54:13","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:34:03","permalink":{"id":1452629,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52147,"identifier":"II","token":"46.2\/II","url":"\/46.2\/II\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":52048,"edition_id":2,"name":"Motor Vehicles","identifier":"46.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":101,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":1830,"child_structures":157},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:52:29","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:34:02","permalink":{"id":1452291,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52048,"identifier":"46.2","token":"46.2","url":"\/46.2\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":365758,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-489","catch_line":"Regulations; appeals","url":"\/46.2-489\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-489","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":365770,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-490","catch_line":"Establishment of driver improvement clinic program; application fees","url":"\/46.2-490\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490","metadata":false},{"id":365759,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-490.1","catch_line":"Section 46.2-391.1 not applicable","url":"\/46.2-490.1\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.1","metadata":false},{"id":365760,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-490.10","catch_line":"Changes in form of ownership or name","url":"\/46.2-490.10\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.10","metadata":false},{"id":365761,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-490.11","catch_line":"Reports, records of licensed computer-based clinic providers","url":"\/46.2-490.11\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.11","metadata":false},{"id":365762,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-490.2","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/46.2-490.2\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.2","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":365763,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-490.3","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/46.2-490.3\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.3","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":365764,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-490.4","catch_line":"Action on applications; hearing on denial","url":"\/46.2-490.4\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.4","metadata":false},{"id":365765,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-490.5","catch_line":"Suspension, revocation, cancellation or refusal to renew clinic license or instructor license; imposition of monetary penalties","url":"\/46.2-490.5\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.5","metadata":false},{"id":365766,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-490.6","catch_line":"Civil penalties","url":"\/46.2-490.6\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.6","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":365767,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-490.7","catch_line":"Acts of owners, operators, officers, directors, partners, and instructors","url":"\/46.2-490.7\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.7","metadata":false},{"id":365768,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-490.8","catch_line":"Grounds for denying, suspending, or revoking licenses of clinics and clinic instructors","url":"\/46.2-490.8\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.8","metadata":false},{"id":365769,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-490.9","catch_line":"Unlawful acts; prosecution; proceedings in equity","url":"\/46.2-490.9\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.9","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":365771,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-491","catch_line":"Persons included within scope of article","url":"\/46.2-491\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-491","metadata":false},{"id":365772,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-492","catch_line":"Uniform Demerit Point System","url":"\/46.2-492\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-492","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":365773,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-493","catch_line":"Demerit points valid for two years","url":"\/46.2-493\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-493","metadata":false},{"id":365774,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-494","catch_line":"Safe driving point credit","url":"\/46.2-494\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-494","metadata":false},{"id":365775,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-495","catch_line":"Advisory letters","url":"\/46.2-495\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-495","metadata":false},{"id":365776,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-496","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/46.2-496\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-496","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":365777,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-498","catch_line":"Driver improvement clinics; voluntary attendance","url":"\/46.2-498\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-498","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"Edwards v. Oberndorf","case_number":"1:02-cr-00347","citation":"309 F. Supp. 2d 780","date":"2003-02-06","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2310766\/edwards-v-oberndorf\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 309 F.Supp.2d 780 (2003) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, E.D. Virginia"}}}},{"id":365778,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-499","catch_line":"Driver's license probation","url":"\/46.2-499\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-499","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"Commonwealth of Virginia, DMV v. Arthles H. Lynn","case_number":"0427981","citation":"29 Va. App. 151","date":"1999-02-02","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1066512\/commonwealth-of-virginia-dmv-v-arthles-h-lynn\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. BENTON, Judge. .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"COA<\/abbr>"}}}},{"id":365779,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-500","catch_line":"Driver control period","url":"\/46.2-500\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-500","metadata":false},{"id":365780,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-501","catch_line":"Notice to attend driver improvement clinic","url":"\/46.2-501\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-501","metadata":false},{"id":365781,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-502","catch_line":"Clinic fees","url":"\/46.2-502\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-502","metadata":false},{"id":365782,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-503","catch_line":"Suspension of privilege to operate a motor vehicle for failure to attend clinics","url":"\/46.2-503\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-503","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":365783,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-504","catch_line":"Form and contents of order of probation, suspension or revocation; service","url":"\/46.2-504\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-504","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":365784,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-505","catch_line":"Court may direct defendant to attend driver improvement clinic","url":"\/46.2-505\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-505","metadata":false},{"id":365785,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-506","catch_line":"(Effective July 1, 2026) Formal hearings; suspension for excessive point accumulation","url":"\/46.2-506\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-506","metadata":false},{"id":365786,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-507","catch_line":"(Effective July 1, 2026) Establishment of Intelligent Speed Assistance Program; penalty","url":"\/46.2-507\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-507","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":365767,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-490.7","catch_line":"Acts of owners, operators, officers, directors, partners, and instructors","url":"\/46.2-490.7\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.7","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":365769,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-490.9","catch_line":"Unlawful acts; prosecution; proceedings in equity","url":"\/46.2-490.9\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.9","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/46.2-490.8\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2004. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 622<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":365766,"section_number":"46.2-490.6","catch_line":"Civil penalties","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-490.6\/"}],"permalink":{"id":1453275,"object_type":"law","relational_id":365768,"identifier":"46.2-490.8","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.8","url":"\/46.2-490.8\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/46.2-490.8\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.8","dublin_core":{"Title":"Grounds for denying, suspending, or revoking licenses of clinics and clinic instructors","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 46.2-490.8","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A clinic<\/span> or instructor<\/span> license may be denied, suspended, or revoked on any one or more of the following grounds:<\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Material<\/span> misstatement or omission in an application for a driver improvement clinic<\/span> license or a driver improvement clinic<\/span> instructor<\/span> license; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Failure to comply subsequent to receipt of a written warning from the Department<\/span> for any willful failure to comply with any provision of this chapter or any regulation promulgated by the Commissioner<\/span> under this chapter; or any criteria established by the Department<\/span> pursuant to this chapter; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Defrauding any student in a driver improvement clinic<\/span>, or any other person in the conduct of a driver improvement clinic<\/span>’s business; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> Employment of fraudulent devices, methods or practices in connection with compliance with the requirements under the statutes<\/span> of the Commonwealth; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> Having used deceptive acts or practices; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

6.<\/span> Knowingly advertising by any means any assertion, representation, or statement of fact<\/span> which is untrue, misleading, or deceptive in any particular relating to the conduct of a clinic; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

7.<\/span> Having been convicted of any fraudulent act in connection with a driver improvement clinic<\/span> or driver training school, or any consumer-related fraud<\/span>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

8.<\/span> Having been convicted of any criminal act involving the operation of a driver improvement clinic<\/span> or driver training school; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

9.<\/span> Having been convicted of a felony<\/span>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

10.<\/span> Failing or refusing to pay civil penalties imposed by the Department<\/span> pursuant to § 46.2-490.6<\/a>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nGROUNDS FOR DENYING, SUSPENDING, OR REVOKING LICENSES OF CLINICS AND CLINIC\nINSTRUCTORS (\u00a7 46.2-490.8)\n\nA clinic or instructor license may be denied, suspended, or revoked on any one\nor more of the following grounds:\n\n1. Material misstatement or omission in an application for a driver improvement\nclinic license or a driver improvement clinic instructor license;\n\n2. Failure to comply subsequent to receipt of a written warning from the\nDepartment for any willful failure to comply with any provision of this chapter\nor any regulation promulgated by the Commissioner under this chapter; or any\ncriteria established by the Department pursuant to this chapter;\n\n3. Defrauding any student in a driver improvement clinic, or any other person in\nthe conduct of a driver improvement clinic’s business;\n\n4. Employment of fraudulent devices, methods or practices in connection with\ncompliance with the requirements under the statutes of the Commonwealth;\n\n5. Having used deceptive acts or practices;\n\n6. Knowingly advertising by any means any assertion, representation, or\nstatement of fact which is untrue, misleading, or deceptive in any particular\nrelating to the conduct of a clinic;\n\n7. Having been convicted of any fraudulent act in connection with a driver\nimprovement clinic or driver training school, or any consumer-related fraud;\n\n8. Having been convicted of any criminal act involving the operation of a driver\nimprovement clinic or driver training school;\n\n9. Having been convicted of a felony;\n\n10. Failing or refusing to pay civil penalties imposed by the Department\npursuant to § 46.2-490.6.\n\nHISTORY: 2004, c. 622.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}