{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/46.2-490.3.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/46.2-490.3.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/46.2-490.3.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/46.2-490.3.html"}],"law_id":365763,"edition_id":2,"section_id":365763,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-490.3","catch_line":"Definitions","history":"2004, c. 622.","full_text":"As used in this chapter, unless the context requires a different meaning:\n\n“Computer-based clinic provider,” means any clinic licensed by the Department to conduct driver improvement clinics via the Internet or other electronic means approved by the Department.\n\n“Driver improvement clinic” or “clinic” means an individual, partnership or corporation, institution of higher education, or government entity licensed by the Department as prescribed by this chapter for the purpose of instructing persons identified by the Department and the court system as problem drivers; in need of driver improvement education and training; and for drivers interested in improving their own knowledge of highway safety.\n\n“Instructor” means any person, whether acting for himself as operator of a driver training clinic or for such clinic for compensation, who is licensed by the Department as prescribed by this chapter and who teaches, conducts classes, gives demonstrations, or supervises persons undergoing mandatory or voluntary driver improvement training.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1362710,"text":"As used in this chapter, unless the context requires a different meaning:","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"next_prefix":""},"1":{"id":1362711,"text":"“Computer-based clinic provider,” means any clinic licensed by the Department to conduct driver improvement clinics via the Internet or other electronic means approved by the Department.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":""},"2":{"id":1362712,"text":"“Driver improvement clinic” or “clinic” means an individual, partnership or corporation, institution of higher education, or government entity licensed by the Department as prescribed by this chapter for the purpose of instructing persons identified by the Department and the court system as problem drivers; in need of driver improvement education and training; and for drivers interested in improving their own knowledge of highway safety.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":""},"3":{"id":1362713,"text":"“Instructor” means any person, whether acting for himself as operator of a driver training clinic or for such clinic for compensation, who is licensed by the Department as prescribed by this chapter and who teaches, conducts classes, gives demonstrations, or supervises persons undergoing mandatory or voluntary driver improvement training.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"prior_prefix":""}},"ancestry":[{"id":52168,"edition_id":2,"name":"Driver Improvement Program","identifier":"19","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":20,"parent_id":52148,"metadata":{"child_laws":29,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:54:44","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:34:05","permalink":{"id":1453229,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52168,"identifier":"19","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19","url":"\/46.2\/II\/3\/19\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":52148,"edition_id":2,"name":"Licensure of Drivers","identifier":"3","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":52147,"metadata":{"child_laws":313,"child_structures":20},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:54:13","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:34:03","permalink":{"id":1452631,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52148,"identifier":"3","token":"46.2\/II\/3","url":"\/46.2\/II\/3\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":52147,"edition_id":2,"name":"Titling, Registration and Licensure","identifier":"II","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":2,"parent_id":52048,"metadata":{"child_laws":724,"child_structures":36},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:54:13","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:34:03","permalink":{"id":1452629,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52147,"identifier":"II","token":"46.2\/II","url":"\/46.2\/II\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":52048,"edition_id":2,"name":"Motor Vehicles","identifier":"46.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":101,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":1830,"child_structures":157},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:52:29","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:34:02","permalink":{"id":1452291,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52048,"identifier":"46.2","token":"46.2","url":"\/46.2\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":365758,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-489","catch_line":"Regulations; appeals","url":"\/46.2-489\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-489","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":365770,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-490","catch_line":"Establishment of driver improvement clinic program; application fees","url":"\/46.2-490\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490","metadata":false},{"id":365759,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-490.1","catch_line":"Section 46.2-391.1 not applicable","url":"\/46.2-490.1\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.1","metadata":false},{"id":365760,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-490.10","catch_line":"Changes in form of ownership or name","url":"\/46.2-490.10\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.10","metadata":false},{"id":365761,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-490.11","catch_line":"Reports, records of licensed computer-based clinic providers","url":"\/46.2-490.11\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.11","metadata":false},{"id":365762,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-490.2","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/46.2-490.2\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.2","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":365763,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-490.3","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/46.2-490.3\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.3","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":365764,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-490.4","catch_line":"Action on applications; hearing on denial","url":"\/46.2-490.4\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.4","metadata":false},{"id":365765,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-490.5","catch_line":"Suspension, revocation, cancellation or refusal to renew clinic license or instructor license; imposition of monetary penalties","url":"\/46.2-490.5\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.5","metadata":false},{"id":365766,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-490.6","catch_line":"Civil penalties","url":"\/46.2-490.6\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.6","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":365767,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-490.7","catch_line":"Acts of owners, operators, officers, directors, partners, and instructors","url":"\/46.2-490.7\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.7","metadata":false},{"id":365768,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-490.8","catch_line":"Grounds for denying, suspending, or revoking licenses of clinics and clinic instructors","url":"\/46.2-490.8\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.8","metadata":false},{"id":365769,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-490.9","catch_line":"Unlawful acts; 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voluntary attendance","url":"\/46.2-498\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-498","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"Edwards v. Oberndorf","case_number":"1:02-cr-00347","citation":"309 F. Supp. 2d 780","date":"2003-02-06","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2310766\/edwards-v-oberndorf\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 309 F.Supp.2d 780 (2003) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, E.D. Virginia"}}}},{"id":365778,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-499","catch_line":"Driver's license probation","url":"\/46.2-499\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-499","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"Commonwealth of Virginia, DMV v. Arthles H. Lynn","case_number":"0427981","citation":"29 Va. App. 151","date":"1999-02-02","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1066512\/commonwealth-of-virginia-dmv-v-arthles-h-lynn\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. BENTON, Judge. .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"COA<\/abbr>"}}}},{"id":365779,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-500","catch_line":"Driver control period","url":"\/46.2-500\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-500","metadata":false},{"id":365780,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-501","catch_line":"Notice to attend driver improvement clinic","url":"\/46.2-501\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-501","metadata":false},{"id":365781,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-502","catch_line":"Clinic fees","url":"\/46.2-502\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-502","metadata":false},{"id":365782,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-503","catch_line":"Suspension of privilege to operate a motor vehicle for failure to attend clinics","url":"\/46.2-503\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-503","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":365783,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-504","catch_line":"Form and contents of order of probation, suspension or revocation; service","url":"\/46.2-504\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-504","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":365784,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-505","catch_line":"Court may direct defendant to attend driver improvement clinic","url":"\/46.2-505\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-505","metadata":false},{"id":365785,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-506","catch_line":"(Effective July 1, 2026) Formal hearings; suspension for excessive point accumulation","url":"\/46.2-506\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-506","metadata":false},{"id":365786,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-507","catch_line":"(Effective July 1, 2026) Establishment of Intelligent Speed Assistance Program; penalty","url":"\/46.2-507\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-507","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":365762,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-490.2","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/46.2-490.2\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.2","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},"next_section":{"id":365764,"structure_id":52168,"section_number":"46.2-490.4","catch_line":"Action on applications; hearing on denial","url":"\/46.2-490.4\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.4","metadata":false},"metadata":{"court_decisions":""},"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/46.2-490.3\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2004. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 622<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1453255,"object_type":"law","relational_id":365763,"identifier":"46.2-490.3","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.3","url":"\/46.2-490.3\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/46.2-490.3\/","token":"46.2\/II\/3\/19\/46.2-490.3","dublin_core":{"Title":"Definitions","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 46.2-490.3","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

As used in this chapter, unless the context requires a different meaning:<\/p>

“Computer-based clinic<\/span> provider,” means any clinic<\/span> licensed by the Department<\/span> to conduct driver improvement clinics<\/span> via the Internet or other electronic means approved by the Department<\/span>.<\/p>

“Driver improvement clinic<\/span>” or “clinic” means an individual, partnership or corporation, institution of higher education, or government entity licensed by the Department<\/span> as prescribed by this chapter for the purpose of instructing persons identified by the Department<\/span> and the court<\/span> system as problem drivers<\/span>; in need of driver improvement education and training; and for drivers<\/span> interested in improving their own knowledge of highway<\/span> safety.<\/p>

“Instructor<\/span>” means any person, whether acting for himself as operator<\/span> of a driver training clinic or for such clinic for compensation, who is licensed by the Department<\/span> as prescribed by this chapter and who teaches, conducts classes, gives demonstrations, or supervises persons undergoing mandatory or voluntary driver improvement training.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nDEFINITIONS (\u00a7 46.2-490.3)\n\nAs used in this chapter, unless the context requires a different meaning:\n\n“Computer-based clinic provider,” means any clinic licensed by the\nDepartment to conduct driver improvement clinics via the Internet or other\nelectronic means approved by the Department.\n\n“Driver improvement clinic” or “clinic” means an\nindividual, partnership or corporation, institution of higher education, or\ngovernment entity licensed by the Department as prescribed by this chapter for\nthe purpose of instructing persons identified by the Department and the court\nsystem as problem drivers; in need of driver improvement education and training;\nand for drivers interested in improving their own knowledge of highway safety.\n\n“Instructor” means any person, whether acting for himself as\noperator of a driver training clinic or for such clinic for compensation, who is\nlicensed by the Department as prescribed by this chapter and who teaches,\nconducts classes, gives demonstrations, or supervises persons undergoing\nmandatory or voluntary driver improvement training.\n\nHISTORY: 2004, c. 622.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}