{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/45.2-110.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/45.2-110.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/45.2-110.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/45.2-110.html"}],"law_id":364013,"edition_id":2,"section_id":364013,"structure_id":51939,"section_number":"45.2-110","catch_line":" Powers and duties of the Division","history":"1984, c. 590, \u00a7 45.1-386; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 387.","full_text":"The Division has the following powers and duties:\n\n1\n\nExamination of the geological formations of the Commonwealth and the resources contained therein, with special reference to both economic products and energy resources, including coal, ore, clay, feldspar, lime, natural gas, oil, cement, sand and gravel, stone, materials suitable for use in building and road construction, mineral water, other mineral substances, and geothermal energy resources.\n\n2\n\nExamination of latent resources and waste minerals to determine the best methods of utilizing them and study of the soils and weathered residuum as related to parent rock.\n\n3\n\nMaintenance of repositories for representative rock and mineral materials from various wells, mines, excavations, and naturally occurring exposures.\n\n4\n\nMaintenance of records and statistics of the mineral industry and geological conditions of the Commonwealth.\n\n5\n\nPerformance of chemical and physical tests, including test borings, to acquire subsurface information relative to mineral deposits masked by soils and rock overburden.\n\n6\n\nExamination of the physical features of the Commonwealth with reference to their practical bearing upon the occupation and well-being of the people.\n\n7\n\nPreparation of special geological and economic maps and displays to illustrate the resources of the Commonwealth.\n\n8\n\nPreparation of regular and special reports, with necessary illustrations and maps, that embrace both a general and detailed description of the geology and mineral resources of the Commonwealth.\n\n9\n\nConsideration of such other scientific and economic questions that in the judgment of the Director are deemed of value to the people of the Commonwealth.\n\n10\n\nArrangement for the investigation and reporting of the geology of the Commonwealth with the Director or the representative of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) in regard to cooperation between the USGS and the Department in topographic and geologic work when deemed necessary and of advantage to the Commonwealth. The Director may accept or reject the work of the USGS.\n\n11\n\nParticipation in matters requiring advice and guidance sought by state agencies and institutions concerning geological and mineral resources as related to state lands.\n\n12\n\nProvision of basic research and the development of methods utilized in the determination of characteristics, structure, and origin for geological formations and economic mineral deposits.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1355871,"text":"The Division has the following powers and duties:","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"next_prefix":"1"},"1":{"id":1355872,"text":"Examination of the geological formations of the Commonwealth and the resources contained therein, with special reference to both economic products and energy resources, including coal, ore, clay, feldspar, lime, natural gas, oil, cement, sand and gravel, stone, materials suitable for use in building and road construction, mineral water, other mineral substances, and geothermal energy resources.","type":"section","prefixes":["1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"1","prefix_anchor":"1","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":"2"},"2":{"id":1355873,"text":"Examination of latent resources and waste minerals to determine the best methods of utilizing them and study of the soils and weathered residuum as related to parent rock.","type":"section","prefixes":["2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"2","prefix_anchor":"2","level":1,"prior_prefix":"1","next_prefix":"3"},"3":{"id":1355874,"text":"Maintenance of repositories for representative rock and mineral materials from various wells, mines, excavations, and naturally occurring exposures.","type":"section","prefixes":["3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"3","prefix_anchor":"3","level":1,"prior_prefix":"2","next_prefix":"4"},"4":{"id":1355875,"text":"Maintenance of records and statistics of the mineral industry and geological conditions of the Commonwealth.","type":"section","prefixes":["4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"4","prefix_anchor":"4","level":1,"prior_prefix":"3","next_prefix":"5"},"5":{"id":1355876,"text":"Performance of chemical and physical tests, including test borings, to acquire subsurface information relative to mineral deposits masked by soils and rock overburden.","type":"section","prefixes":["5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"5","prefix_anchor":"5","level":1,"prior_prefix":"4","next_prefix":"6"},"6":{"id":1355877,"text":"Examination of the physical features of the Commonwealth with reference to their practical bearing upon the occupation and well-being of the people.","type":"section","prefixes":["6"],"prefix":"6","entire_prefix":"6","prefix_anchor":"6","level":1,"prior_prefix":"5","next_prefix":"7"},"7":{"id":1355878,"text":"Preparation of special geological and economic maps and displays to illustrate the resources of the Commonwealth.","type":"section","prefixes":["7"],"prefix":"7","entire_prefix":"7","prefix_anchor":"7","level":1,"prior_prefix":"6","next_prefix":"8"},"8":{"id":1355879,"text":"Preparation of regular and special reports, with necessary illustrations and maps, that embrace both a general and detailed description of the geology and mineral resources of the Commonwealth.","type":"section","prefixes":["8"],"prefix":"8","entire_prefix":"8","prefix_anchor":"8","level":1,"prior_prefix":"7","next_prefix":"9"},"9":{"id":1355880,"text":"Consideration of such other scientific and economic questions that in the judgment of the Director are deemed of value to the people of the Commonwealth.","type":"section","prefixes":["9"],"prefix":"9","entire_prefix":"9","prefix_anchor":"9","level":1,"prior_prefix":"8","next_prefix":"10"},"10":{"id":1355881,"text":"Arrangement for the investigation and reporting of the geology of the Commonwealth with the Director or the representative of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) in regard to cooperation between the USGS and the Department in topographic and geologic work when deemed necessary and of advantage to the Commonwealth. The Director may accept or reject the work of the USGS.","type":"section","prefixes":["10"],"prefix":"10","entire_prefix":"10","prefix_anchor":"10","level":1,"prior_prefix":"9","next_prefix":"11"},"11":{"id":1355882,"text":"Participation in matters requiring advice and guidance sought by state agencies and institutions concerning geological and mineral resources as related to state lands.","type":"section","prefixes":["11"],"prefix":"11","entire_prefix":"11","prefix_anchor":"11","level":1,"prior_prefix":"10","next_prefix":"12"},"12":{"id":1355883,"text":"Provision of basic research and the development of methods utilized in the determination of characteristics, structure, and origin for geological formations and economic mineral deposits.","type":"section","prefixes":["12"],"prefix":"12","entire_prefix":"12","prefix_anchor":"12","level":1,"prior_prefix":"11"}},"ancestry":[{"id":51939,"edition_id":2,"name":"Division of Geology and Mineral Resources","identifier":"2","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":2,"parent_id":51929,"metadata":{"child_laws":7,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:51:24","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:33:33","permalink":{"id":1449581,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51939,"identifier":"2","token":"45.2\/I\/1\/2","url":"\/45.2\/I\/1\/2\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":51929,"edition_id":2,"name":"Administration","identifier":"1","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":51928,"metadata":{"child_laws":15,"child_structures":2},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:51:17","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:33:33","permalink":{"id":1449545,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51929,"identifier":"1","token":"45.2\/I\/1","url":"\/45.2\/I\/1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":51928,"edition_id":2,"name":"Administration","identifier":"I","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":51927,"metadata":{"child_laws":23,"child_structures":6},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:51:17","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:33:32","permalink":{"id":1449543,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51928,"identifier":"I","token":"45.2\/I","url":"\/45.2\/I\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":51927,"edition_id":2,"name":"Mines, Minerals, and Energy","identifier":"45.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":99,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":627,"child_structures":120},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:51:17","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:33:32","permalink":{"id":1449541,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51927,"identifier":"45.2","token":"45.2","url":"\/45.2\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":364010,"structure_id":51939,"section_number":"45.2-107","catch_line":" Division of Geology and Mineral Resources; State Geologist","url":"\/45.2-107\/","token":"45.2\/I\/1\/2\/45.2-107","metadata":false},{"id":364011,"structure_id":51939,"section_number":"45.2-108","catch_line":" General powers and duties of State Geologist","url":"\/45.2-108\/","token":"45.2\/I\/1\/2\/45.2-108","metadata":false},{"id":364012,"structure_id":51939,"section_number":"45.2-109","catch_line":" Using or revealing proprietary information","url":"\/45.2-109\/","token":"45.2\/I\/1\/2\/45.2-109","metadata":false},{"id":364013,"structure_id":51939,"section_number":"45.2-110","catch_line":" Powers and duties of the Division","url":"\/45.2-110\/","token":"45.2\/I\/1\/2\/45.2-110","metadata":false},{"id":364024,"structure_id":51939,"section_number":"45.2-111","catch_line":" Publication of reports","url":"\/45.2-111\/","token":"45.2\/I\/1\/2\/45.2-111","metadata":false},{"id":364035,"structure_id":51939,"section_number":"45.2-112","catch_line":" Disposition of materials that have served purpose of the Division","url":"\/45.2-112\/","token":"45.2\/I\/1\/2\/45.2-112","metadata":false},{"id":364046,"structure_id":51939,"section_number":"45.2-113","catch_line":" Immunity from prosecution for trespass","url":"\/45.2-113\/","token":"45.2\/I\/1\/2\/45.2-113","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":364012,"structure_id":51939,"section_number":"45.2-109","catch_line":" Using or revealing proprietary information","url":"\/45.2-109\/","token":"45.2\/I\/1\/2\/45.2-109","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":364024,"structure_id":51939,"section_number":"45.2-111","catch_line":" Publication of reports","url":"\/45.2-111\/","token":"45.2\/I\/1\/2\/45.2-111","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/45.2-110\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1984. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 590 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1984 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1449595,"object_type":"law","relational_id":364013,"identifier":"45.2-110","token":"45.2\/I\/1\/2\/45.2-110","url":"\/45.2-110\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/45.2-110\/","token":"45.2\/I\/1\/2\/45.2-110","dublin_core":{"Title":" Powers and duties of the Division","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 45.2-110","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

The Division has the following powers and duties:<\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Examination of the geological formations of the Commonwealth and the resources contained therein, with special reference to both economic products and energy resources, including coal, ore, clay, feldspar, lime, natural gas, oil, cement, sand and gravel, stone, materials<\/span> suitable for use in building and road construction, mineral water, other mineral substances, and geothermal energy resources. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Examination of latent resources and waste minerals to determine the best methods of utilizing them and study of the soils and weathered residuum as related to parent rock. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Maintenance of repositories for representative rock and mineral materials<\/span> from various wells, mines, excavations, and naturally occurring exposures. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> Maintenance of records and statistics of the mineral industry and geological conditions of the Commonwealth. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> Performance of chemical and physical tests, including test borings, to acquire subsurface information relative to mineral deposits masked by soils and rock overburden. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

6.<\/span> Examination of the physical features of the Commonwealth with reference to their practical bearing upon the occupation and well-being of the people. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

7.<\/span> Preparation of special geological and economic maps and displays to illustrate the resources of the Commonwealth. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

8.<\/span> Preparation of regular and special reports, with necessary illustrations and maps, that embrace both a general and detailed description of the geology and mineral resources of the Commonwealth. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

9.<\/span> Consideration of such other scientific and economic questions that in the judgment<\/span> of the Director<\/span> are deemed of value to the people of the Commonwealth. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

10.<\/span> Arrangement for the investigation and reporting of the geology of the Commonwealth with the Director<\/span> or the representative of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) in regard to cooperation between the USGS and the Department<\/span> in topographic and geologic work when deemed necessary and of advantage to the Commonwealth. The Director<\/span> may accept or reject the work of the USGS. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

11.<\/span> Participation in matters requiring advice and guidance sought by state agencies and institutions concerning geological and mineral resources as related to state lands. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

12.<\/span> Provision of basic research and the development of methods utilized in the determination of characteristics, structure, and origin for geological formations and economic mineral deposits. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\n POWERS AND DUTIES OF THE DIVISION (\u00a7 45.2-110)\n\nThe Division has the following powers and duties:\n\n1. Examination of the geological formations of the Commonwealth and the\nresources contained therein, with special reference to both economic products\nand energy resources, including coal, ore, clay, feldspar, lime, natural gas,\noil, cement, sand and gravel, stone, materials suitable for use in building and\nroad construction, mineral water, other mineral substances, and geothermal\nenergy resources.\n\n2. Examination of latent resources and waste minerals to determine the best\nmethods of utilizing them and study of the soils and weathered residuum as\nrelated to parent rock.\n\n3. Maintenance of repositories for representative rock and mineral materials\nfrom various wells, mines, excavations, and naturally occurring exposures.\n\n4. Maintenance of records and statistics of the mineral industry and geological\nconditions of the Commonwealth.\n\n5. Performance of chemical and physical tests, including test borings, to\nacquire subsurface information relative to mineral deposits masked by soils and\nrock overburden.\n\n6. Examination of the physical features of the Commonwealth with reference to\ntheir practical bearing upon the occupation and well-being of the people.\n\n7. Preparation of special geological and economic maps and displays to\nillustrate the resources of the Commonwealth.\n\n8. Preparation of regular and special reports, with necessary illustrations and\nmaps, that embrace both a general and detailed description of the geology and\nmineral resources of the Commonwealth.\n\n9. Consideration of such other scientific and economic questions that in the\njudgment of the Director are deemed of value to the people of the Commonwealth.\n\n10. Arrangement for the investigation and reporting of the geology of the\nCommonwealth with the Director or the representative of the United States\nGeological Survey (USGS) in regard to cooperation between the USGS and the\nDepartment in topographic and geologic work when deemed necessary and of\nadvantage to the Commonwealth. The Director may accept or reject the work of the\nUSGS.\n\n11. Participation in matters requiring advice and guidance sought by state\nagencies and institutions concerning geological and mineral resources as related\nto state lands.\n\n12. Provision of basic research and the development of methods utilized in the\ndetermination of characteristics, structure, and origin for geological\nformations and economic mineral deposits.\n\nHISTORY: 1984, c. 590, \u00a7 45.1-386; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 387.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}