{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/44-48.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/44-48.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/44-48.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/44-48.html"}],"law_id":363888,"edition_id":2,"section_id":363888,"structure_id":51919,"section_number":"44-48","catch_line":"Review of judgments of courts-martial; procedure","history":"1930, p. 957; Michie Code 1942, \u00a7 2673(38); 1964, c. 227; 1976, c. 399; 2011, cc. 572, 586.","full_text":"Judgments of special and summary courts-martial shall be subject to review by the Adjutant General only, except that sentences of Bad Conduct discharge shall also be subject to review by the Governor; and such judgments may be affirmed, set aside or modified; provided, however, no higher or greater sentence, punishment, penalty, fine or forfeiture than that imposed by the court-martial shall be approved; otherwise trials and proceedings, including nonjudicial punishment, pretrial proceedings, post-trial proceedings, search and seizure proceedings and proceedings by all courts and boards, including review proceedings, shall be in accordance with the Manual for Courts-Martial United States, as now existing or subsequently amended, procedure for courts of inquiry, and retiring boards, and other procedures under military law, as may from time to time be prescribed by the appropriate secretary of the respective services.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1355430,"text":"Judgments of special and summary courts-martial shall be subject to review by the Adjutant General only, except that sentences of Bad Conduct discharge shall also be subject to review by the Governor; and such judgments may be affirmed, set aside or modified; provided, however, no higher or greater sentence, punishment, penalty, fine or forfeiture than that imposed by the court-martial shall be approved; otherwise trials and proceedings, including nonjudicial punishment, pretrial proceedings, post-trial proceedings, search and seizure proceedings and proceedings by all courts and boards, including review proceedings, shall be in accordance with the Manual for Courts-Martial United States, as now existing or subsequently amended, procedure for courts of inquiry, and retiring boards, and other procedures under military law, as may from time to time be prescribed by the appropriate secretary of the respective services.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":51919,"edition_id":2,"name":"National Guard Courts-Martial","identifier":"4","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":4,"parent_id":51899,"metadata":{"child_laws":14,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:51:10","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:33:29","permalink":{"id":1448975,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51919,"identifier":"4","token":"44\/1\/4","url":"\/44\/1\/4\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":51899,"edition_id":2,"name":"Military Laws of Virginia","identifier":"1","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":51898,"metadata":{"child_laws":150,"child_structures":16},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:50:49","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:33:29","permalink":{"id":1448553,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51899,"identifier":"1","token":"44\/1","url":"\/44\/1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":51898,"edition_id":2,"name":"Military and Emergency Laws","identifier":"44","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":97,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":233,"child_structures":28},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:50:49","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:33:29","permalink":{"id":1448551,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51898,"identifier":"44","token":"44","url":"\/44\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":363881,"structure_id":51919,"section_number":"44-42","catch_line":"Kinds of courts-martial; how constituted and powers","url":"\/44-42\/","token":"44\/1\/4\/44-42","metadata":false},{"id":363882,"structure_id":51919,"section_number":"44-43","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/44-43\/","token":"44\/1\/4\/44-43","metadata":false},{"id":363883,"structure_id":51919,"section_number":"44-44","catch_line":"Special courts-martial","url":"\/44-44\/","token":"44\/1\/4\/44-44","metadata":false},{"id":363884,"structure_id":51919,"section_number":"44-45","catch_line":"Summary courts-martial","url":"\/44-45\/","token":"44\/1\/4\/44-45","metadata":false},{"id":363886,"structure_id":51919,"section_number":"44-46","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/44-46\/","token":"44\/1\/4\/44-46","metadata":false},{"id":363885,"structure_id":51919,"section_number":"44-46.1","catch_line":"Military judges","url":"\/44-46.1\/","token":"44\/1\/4\/44-46.1","metadata":false},{"id":363887,"structure_id":51919,"section_number":"44-47","catch_line":"Process and procedure","url":"\/44-47\/","token":"44\/1\/4\/44-47","metadata":false},{"id":363888,"structure_id":51919,"section_number":"44-48","catch_line":"Review of judgments of courts-martial; procedure","url":"\/44-48\/","token":"44\/1\/4\/44-48","metadata":false},{"id":363889,"structure_id":51919,"section_number":"44-49","catch_line":"Where sentences executed","url":"\/44-49\/","token":"44\/1\/4\/44-49","metadata":false},{"id":363891,"structure_id":51919,"section_number":"44-50","catch_line":"How process and sentence executed","url":"\/44-50\/","token":"44\/1\/4\/44-50","metadata":false},{"id":363892,"structure_id":51919,"section_number":"44-51","catch_line":"Certificates","url":"\/44-51\/","token":"44\/1\/4\/44-51","metadata":false},{"id":363893,"structure_id":51919,"section_number":"44-52","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/44-52\/","token":"44\/1\/4\/44-52","metadata":false},{"id":363894,"structure_id":51919,"section_number":"44-53","catch_line":"Collection of fines","url":"\/44-53\/","token":"44\/1\/4\/44-53","metadata":false},{"id":363907,"structure_id":51919,"section_number":"44-54","catch_line":"Disposition of fines","url":"\/44-54\/","token":"44\/1\/4\/44-54","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":363887,"structure_id":51919,"section_number":"44-47","catch_line":"Process and procedure","url":"\/44-47\/","token":"44\/1\/4\/44-47","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":363889,"structure_id":51919,"section_number":"44-49","catch_line":"Where sentences executed","url":"\/44-49\/","token":"44\/1\/4\/44-49","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/44-48\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 3 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1964, chapter 227; in 1976, chapter 399; in 2011, chapters 572<\/a> and 586<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1449005,"object_type":"law","relational_id":363888,"identifier":"44-48","token":"44\/1\/4\/44-48","url":"\/44-48\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/44-48\/","token":"44\/1\/4\/44-48","dublin_core":{"Title":"Review of judgments of courts-martial; procedure","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 44-48","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

Judgments<\/span> of special and summary courts<\/span>-martial shall be subject to review by the Adjutant General only, except that sentences of Bad Conduct discharge shall also be subject to review by the Governor; and such judgments<\/span> may be affirmed<\/span>, set aside or modified; provided, however, no higher or greater sentence, punishment, penalty<\/span>, fine or forfeiture than that imposed by the court<\/span>-martial shall be approved; otherwise trials<\/span> and proceedings, including nonjudicial punishment, pretrial proceedings, post-trial<\/span> proceedings, search and seizure<\/span> proceedings and proceedings by all courts<\/span> and boards, including review proceedings, shall be in accordance with the Manual for Courts<\/span>-Martial United States, as now existing or subsequently amended, procedure for courts<\/span> of inquiry, and retiring boards, and other procedures under military law<\/span>, as may from time to time be prescribed by the appropriate secretary of the respective services.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nREVIEW OF JUDGMENTS OF COURTS-MARTIAL; PROCEDURE (\u00a7 44-48)\n\nJudgments of special and summary courts-martial shall be subject to review by\nthe Adjutant General only, except that sentences of Bad Conduct discharge shall\nalso be subject to review by the Governor; and such judgments may be affirmed,\nset aside or modified; provided, however, no higher or greater sentence,\npunishment, penalty, fine or forfeiture than that imposed by the court-martial\nshall be approved; otherwise trials and proceedings, including nonjudicial\npunishment, pretrial proceedings, post-trial proceedings, search and seizure\nproceedings and proceedings by all courts and boards, including review\nproceedings, shall be in accordance with the Manual for Courts-Martial United\nStates, as now existing or subsequently amended, procedure for courts of\ninquiry, and retiring boards, and other procedures under military law, as may\nfrom time to time be prescribed by the appropriate secretary of the respective\nservices.\n\nHISTORY: 1930, p. 957; Michie Code 1942, \u00a7 2673(38); 1964, c. 227; 1976, c.\n399; 2011, cc. 572, 586.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}