{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/40.1-65.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/40.1-65.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/40.1-65.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/40.1-65.html"}],"law_id":363485,"edition_id":2,"section_id":363485,"structure_id":51869,"section_number":"40.1-65","catch_line":"Agreement or practice designed to cause employer to violate article declared illegal","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 40-74.1; 1954, c. 431; 1970, c. 321.","full_text":"Any agreement, understanding or practice which is designated to cause or require any employer, whether or not a party thereto, to violate any provision of this article is hereby declared to be an illegal agreement, understanding or practice and contrary to public policy.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1354591,"text":"Any agreement, understanding or practice which is designated to cause or require any employer, whether or not a party thereto, to violate any provision of this article is hereby declared to be an illegal agreement, understanding or practice and contrary to public policy.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":51869,"edition_id":2,"name":"Denial or Abridgement of Right to Work","identifier":"3","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":3,"parent_id":51865,"metadata":{"child_laws":13,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:50:22","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:33:25","permalink":{"id":1447435,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51869,"identifier":"3","token":"40.1\/4\/3","url":"\/40.1\/4\/3\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":51865,"edition_id":2,"name":"Labor Unions, Strikes, Etc","identifier":"4","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":7,"parent_id":51843,"metadata":{"child_laws":32,"child_structures":6},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:50:21","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:33:24","permalink":{"id":1447379,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51865,"identifier":"4","token":"40.1\/4","url":"\/40.1\/4\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":51843,"edition_id":2,"name":"Labor and Employment","identifier":"40.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":89,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":237,"child_structures":28},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:49:54","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:33:22","permalink":{"id":1446725,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51843,"identifier":"40.1","token":"40.1","url":"\/40.1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":363477,"structure_id":51869,"section_number":"40.1-58","catch_line":"Policy of article","url":"\/40.1-58\/","token":"40.1\/4\/3\/40.1-58","metadata":false},{"id":363476,"structure_id":51869,"section_number":"40.1-58.1","catch_line":"Application of article to public employers and employees","url":"\/40.1-58.1\/","token":"40.1\/4\/3\/40.1-58.1","metadata":false},{"id":363478,"structure_id":51869,"section_number":"40.1-59","catch_line":"Agreements or combinations declared unlawful","url":"\/40.1-59\/","token":"40.1\/4\/3\/40.1-59","metadata":false},{"id":363480,"structure_id":51869,"section_number":"40.1-60","catch_line":"Employers not to require employees to become or remain members of union","url":"\/40.1-60\/","token":"40.1\/4\/3\/40.1-60","metadata":false},{"id":363481,"structure_id":51869,"section_number":"40.1-61","catch_line":"Employers not to require abstention from membership or officeholding in union","url":"\/40.1-61\/","token":"40.1\/4\/3\/40.1-61","metadata":false},{"id":363482,"structure_id":51869,"section_number":"40.1-62","catch_line":"Employer not to require payment of union dues, etc","url":"\/40.1-62\/","token":"40.1\/4\/3\/40.1-62","metadata":false},{"id":363483,"structure_id":51869,"section_number":"40.1-63","catch_line":"Recovery by individual unlawfully denied employment","url":"\/40.1-63\/","token":"40.1\/4\/3\/40.1-63","metadata":false},{"id":363484,"structure_id":51869,"section_number":"40.1-64","catch_line":"Application of article to contracts","url":"\/40.1-64\/","token":"40.1\/4\/3\/40.1-64","metadata":false},{"id":363485,"structure_id":51869,"section_number":"40.1-65","catch_line":"Agreement or practice designed to cause employer to violate article declared illegal","url":"\/40.1-65\/","token":"40.1\/4\/3\/40.1-65","metadata":false},{"id":363486,"structure_id":51869,"section_number":"40.1-66","catch_line":"Conduct causing violation of article illegal; peaceful solicitation to join union","url":"\/40.1-66\/","token":"40.1\/4\/3\/40.1-66","metadata":false},{"id":363487,"structure_id":51869,"section_number":"40.1-67","catch_line":"Injunctive relief against violation; recovery of damages","url":"\/40.1-67\/","token":"40.1\/4\/3\/40.1-67","metadata":false},{"id":363488,"structure_id":51869,"section_number":"40.1-68","catch_line":"Service of process on clerk of State Corporation Commission as attorney for union","url":"\/40.1-68\/","token":"40.1\/4\/3\/40.1-68","metadata":false},{"id":363489,"structure_id":51869,"section_number":"40.1-69","catch_line":"Violation a misdemeanor","url":"\/40.1-69\/","token":"40.1\/4\/3\/40.1-69","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":363484,"structure_id":51869,"section_number":"40.1-64","catch_line":"Application of article to contracts","url":"\/40.1-64\/","token":"40.1\/4\/3\/40.1-64","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":363486,"structure_id":51869,"section_number":"40.1-66","catch_line":"Conduct causing violation of article illegal; peaceful solicitation to join union","url":"\/40.1-66\/","token":"40.1\/4\/3\/40.1-66","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/40.1-65\/","history_text":"<p>The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1954, chapter 431; in 1970, chapter 321.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1447469,"object_type":"law","relational_id":363485,"identifier":"40.1-65","token":"40.1\/4\/3\/40.1-65","url":"\/40.1-65\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/40.1-65\/","token":"40.1\/4\/3\/40.1-65","dublin_core":{"Title":"Agreement or practice designed to cause employer to violate article declared illegal","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 40.1-65","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>Any agreement, understanding or practice which is designated to cause or require any <span class=\"dictionary\">employer<\/span>, whether or not a <span class=\"dictionary\">party<\/span> thereto, to violate any provision of this article is hereby declared to be an illegal agreement, understanding or practice and contrary to public policy.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nAGREEMENT OR PRACTICE DESIGNED TO CAUSE EMPLOYER TO VIOLATE ARTICLE DECLARED\nILLEGAL (\u00a7 40.1-65)\n\nAny agreement, understanding or practice which is designated to cause or require\nany employer, whether or not a party thereto, to violate any provision of this\narticle is hereby declared to be an illegal agreement, understanding or practice\nand contrary to public policy.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7 40-74.1; 1954, c. 431; 1970, c. 321.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}