{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/38.2-618.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/38.2-618.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/38.2-618.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/38.2-618.html"}],"law_id":362935,"edition_id":2,"section_id":362935,"structure_id":51803,"section_number":"38.2-618","catch_line":"Immunity of persons disclosing information","history":"1981, c. 389, \u00a7 38.1-57.25; 1986, c. 562; 2020, c. 264.","full_text":"No cause of action in the nature of defamation, invasion of privacy, or negligence shall arise against any person for disclosing personal or privileged information in accordance with this article, nor shall such a cause of action arise against any person for furnishing personal or privileged information to an insurance institution, agent, or insurance-support organization. However, this section shall provide no immunity for disclosing or furnishing false information with malice or willful intent to injure any person.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1352100,"text":"No cause of action in the nature of defamation, invasion of privacy, or negligence shall arise against any person for disclosing personal or privileged information in accordance with this article, nor shall such a cause of action arise against any person for furnishing personal or privileged information to an insurance institution, agent, or insurance-support organization. However, this section shall provide no immunity for disclosing or furnishing false information with malice or willful intent to injure any person.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":51803,"edition_id":2,"name":"Collection, Use, and Dissemination of Information","identifier":"1","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":51802,"metadata":{"child_laws":27,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:49:05","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:32:57","permalink":{"id":1445017,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51803,"identifier":"1","token":"38.2\/6\/1","url":"\/38.2\/6\/1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":51802,"edition_id":2,"name":"Insurance Information and Privacy Protection","identifier":"6","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":6,"parent_id":51644,"metadata":{"child_laws":36,"child_structures":2},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:49:05","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:32:57","permalink":{"id":1445015,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51802,"identifier":"6","token":"38.2\/6","url":"\/38.2\/6\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":51644,"edition_id":2,"name":"Insurance","identifier":"38.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":88,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":1890,"child_structures":173},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:45:30","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:32:55","permalink":{"id":1437663,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51644,"identifier":"38.2","token":"38.2","url":"\/38.2\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":362880,"structure_id":51803,"section_number":"38.2-600","catch_line":"Purposes","url":"\/38.2-600\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-600","metadata":false},{"id":362891,"structure_id":51803,"section_number":"38.2-601","catch_line":"Application of article","url":"\/38.2-601\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-601","metadata":false},{"id":362899,"structure_id":51803,"section_number":"38.2-602","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/38.2-602\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-602","metadata":false},{"id":362900,"structure_id":51803,"section_number":"38.2-603","catch_line":"Pretext interviews","url":"\/38.2-603\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-603","metadata":false},{"id":362902,"structure_id":51803,"section_number":"38.2-604","catch_line":"Notice of information collection and disclosure practices","url":"\/38.2-604\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-604","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":362901,"structure_id":51803,"section_number":"38.2-604.1","catch_line":"Notice of financial information collection and disclosure practices","url":"\/38.2-604.1\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-604.1","metadata":false},{"id":362903,"structure_id":51803,"section_number":"38.2-605","catch_line":"Marketing and research surveys","url":"\/38.2-605\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-605","metadata":false},{"id":362904,"structure_id":51803,"section_number":"38.2-606","catch_line":"Content of disclosure authorization forms","url":"\/38.2-606\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-606","metadata":false},{"id":362905,"structure_id":51803,"section_number":"38.2-607","catch_line":"Investigative consumer reports","url":"\/38.2-607\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-607","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":362906,"structure_id":51803,"section_number":"38.2-608","catch_line":"Access to recorded personal information","url":"\/38.2-608\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-608","metadata":false},{"id":362907,"structure_id":51803,"section_number":"38.2-609","catch_line":"Correction, amendment, or deletion of recorded personal information","url":"\/38.2-609\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-609","metadata":false},{"id":362908,"structure_id":51803,"section_number":"38.2-610","catch_line":"Notice of adverse underwriting decision; furnishing reasons for decisions and sources of information","url":"\/38.2-610\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-610","metadata":false},{"id":362919,"structure_id":51803,"section_number":"38.2-611","catch_line":"Information concerning previous adverse underwriting decisions","url":"\/38.2-611\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-611","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":362926,"structure_id":51803,"section_number":"38.2-612","catch_line":"Bases for adverse underwriting decisions","url":"\/38.2-612\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-612","metadata":false},{"id":362924,"structure_id":51803,"section_number":"38.2-612.1","catch_line":"Special requirements for providing financial information to nonaffiliated third parties","url":"\/38.2-612.1\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-612.1","metadata":false},{"id":362925,"structure_id":51803,"section_number":"38.2-612.2","catch_line":"Protection of the Fair Credit Reporting Act","url":"\/38.2-612.2\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-612.2","metadata":false},{"id":362930,"structure_id":51803,"section_number":"38.2-613","catch_line":"Disclosure limitations and conditions","url":"\/38.2-613\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-613","metadata":false},{"id":362927,"structure_id":51803,"section_number":"38.2-613.01","catch_line":"Commission to promulgate regulations on disclosure of certain medical test results to insurance applicants","url":"\/38.2-613.01\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-613.01","metadata":false},{"id":362928,"structure_id":51803,"section_number":"38.2-613.1","catch_line":"Disclosure of agent's moratorium required","url":"\/38.2-613.1\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-613.1","metadata":false},{"id":362929,"structure_id":51803,"section_number":"38.2-613.2","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/38.2-613.2\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-613.2","metadata":false},{"id":362931,"structure_id":51803,"section_number":"38.2-614","catch_line":"Powers of Commission","url":"\/38.2-614\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-614","metadata":false},{"id":362932,"structure_id":51803,"section_number":"38.2-615","catch_line":"Hearings and procedures","url":"\/38.2-615\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-615","metadata":false},{"id":362933,"structure_id":51803,"section_number":"38.2-616","catch_line":"Service of process on insurance-support organizations","url":"\/38.2-616\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-616","metadata":false},{"id":362934,"structure_id":51803,"section_number":"38.2-617","catch_line":"Individual remedies","url":"\/38.2-617\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-617","metadata":false},{"id":362935,"structure_id":51803,"section_number":"38.2-618","catch_line":"Immunity of persons disclosing information","url":"\/38.2-618\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-618","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"Goddard v. Protective Life Corp.","case_number":"Civ.A. 2:99CV735","citation":"82 F. Supp. 2d 545","date":"2000-02-10","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2522665\/goddard-v-protective-life-corp\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 82 F.Supp.2d 545 (2000) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, E.D. Virginia"}}}},{"id":362936,"structure_id":51803,"section_number":"38.2-619","catch_line":"Obtaining information under false pretenses","url":"\/38.2-619\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-619","metadata":false},{"id":362937,"structure_id":51803,"section_number":"38.2-620","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/38.2-620\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-620","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":362934,"structure_id":51803,"section_number":"38.2-617","catch_line":"Individual remedies","url":"\/38.2-617\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-617","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":362936,"structure_id":51803,"section_number":"38.2-619","catch_line":"Obtaining information under false pretenses","url":"\/38.2-619\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-619","metadata":false},"metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"Goddard v. Protective Life Corp.","case_number":"Civ.A. 2:99CV735","citation":"82 F. Supp. 2d 545","date":"2000-02-10","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2522665\/goddard-v-protective-life-corp\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 82 F.Supp.2d 545 (2000) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, E.D. Virginia"}}},"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/38.2-618\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 1981. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 389 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1981 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1986, chapter 562; in 2020, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?201+ful+CHAP0264\">264<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1445115,"object_type":"law","relational_id":362935,"identifier":"38.2-618","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-618","url":"\/38.2-618\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/38.2-618\/","token":"38.2\/6\/1\/38.2-618","dublin_core":{"Title":"Immunity of persons disclosing information","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 38.2-618","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>No <span class=\"dictionary\">cause of action<\/span> in the nature of defamation, invasion of privacy, or <span class=\"dictionary\">negligence<\/span> shall arise against any <span class=\"dictionary\">person<\/span> for disclosing personal or <span class=\"dictionary\">privileged information<\/span> in accordance with this article, nor shall such a <span class=\"dictionary\">cause of action<\/span> arise against any <span class=\"dictionary\">person<\/span> for furnishing personal or <span class=\"dictionary\">privileged information<\/span> to an <span class=\"dictionary\">insurance institution<\/span>, <span class=\"dictionary\">agent<\/span>, or <span class=\"dictionary\">insurance-support organization<\/span>. However, this section shall provide no immunity for disclosing or furnishing false information with <span class=\"dictionary\">malice<\/span> or willful <span class=\"dictionary\">intent<\/span> to injure any <span class=\"dictionary\">person<\/span>.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nIMMUNITY OF PERSONS DISCLOSING INFORMATION (\u00a7 38.2-618)\n\nNo cause of action in the nature of defamation, invasion of privacy, or\nnegligence shall arise against any person for disclosing personal or privileged\ninformation in accordance with this article, nor shall such a cause of action\narise against any person for furnishing personal or privileged information to an\ninsurance institution, agent, or insurance-support organization. However, this\nsection shall provide no immunity for disclosing or furnishing false information\nwith malice or willful intent to injure any person.\n\nHISTORY: 1981, c. 389, \u00a7 38.1-57.25; 1986, c. 562; 2020, c. 264.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}