{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/38.2-2415.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/38.2-2415.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/38.2-2415.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/38.2-2415.html"}],"law_id":361866,"edition_id":2,"section_id":361866,"structure_id":51715,"section_number":"38.2-2415","catch_line":"Where civil proceedings may be instituted","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 38-346; 1952, c. 317, \u00a7 38.1-651; 1986, c. 562.","full_text":"Any suit or other civil proceeding may be instituted against any fidelity and surety insurer (i) at the place where it became surety or assumed any duty or obligation that may be the subject of suit or other civil proceeding; or (ii) at the place where the principal obligor for whom it has become surety may be sued. When the Commonwealth is a party, plaintiff or defendant, the suit or proceeding shall be in the Circuit Court of the City of Richmond.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1347270,"text":"Any suit or other civil proceeding may be instituted against any fidelity and surety insurer (i) at the place where it became surety or assumed any duty or obligation that may be the subject of suit or other civil proceeding; or (ii) at the place where the principal obligor for whom it has become surety may be sued. When the Commonwealth is a party, plaintiff or defendant, the suit or proceeding shall be in the Circuit Court of the City of Richmond.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":51715,"edition_id":2,"name":"General Provisions","identifier":"1","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":51714,"metadata":{"child_laws":17,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:47:09","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:33:07","permalink":{"id":1440721,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51715,"identifier":"1","token":"38.2\/24\/1","url":"\/38.2\/24\/1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":51714,"edition_id":2,"name":"Fidelity and Surety Insurance","identifier":"24","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":24,"parent_id":51644,"metadata":{"child_laws":22,"child_structures":2},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:47:09","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:33:07","permalink":{"id":1440719,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51714,"identifier":"24","token":"38.2\/24","url":"\/38.2\/24\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":51644,"edition_id":2,"name":"Insurance","identifier":"38.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":88,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":1890,"child_structures":173},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:45:30","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:32:55","permalink":{"id":1437663,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51644,"identifier":"38.2","token":"38.2","url":"\/38.2\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":361850,"structure_id":51715,"section_number":"38.2-2400","catch_line":"Class of insurance to which chapter applies","url":"\/38.2-2400\/","token":"38.2\/24\/1\/38.2-2400","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":361851,"structure_id":51715,"section_number":"38.2-2401","catch_line":"Fidelity and surety insurer defined","url":"\/38.2-2401\/","token":"38.2\/24\/1\/38.2-2401","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":361852,"structure_id":51715,"section_number":"38.2-2402","catch_line":"Fidelity and surety insurer not to transact insurance without appropriate license","url":"\/38.2-2402\/","token":"38.2\/24\/1\/38.2-2402","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":361853,"structure_id":51715,"section_number":"38.2-2403","catch_line":"Limitation of liability on risks","url":"\/38.2-2403\/","token":"38.2\/24\/1\/38.2-2403","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":361854,"structure_id":51715,"section_number":"38.2-2404","catch_line":"Limit when penalty of bond exceeds actual exposure to risk","url":"\/38.2-2404\/","token":"38.2\/24\/1\/38.2-2404","metadata":false},{"id":361855,"structure_id":51715,"section_number":"38.2-2405","catch_line":"When insurer accepted as surety","url":"\/38.2-2405\/","token":"38.2\/24\/1\/38.2-2405","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"REVI, LLC v. Chicago Title Insurance Co.","case_number":"Record 141562.","citation":"776 S.E.2d 808","date":"2015-09-17","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2959680\/revi-llc-v-chicago-title-insurance-co\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. Justice KELSEY, dissenting. .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"}}}},{"id":361856,"structure_id":51715,"section_number":"38.2-2406","catch_line":"Requirements deemed met by insurer","url":"\/38.2-2406\/","token":"38.2\/24\/1\/38.2-2406","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"Whitlinger v. Continental Casualty Co.","case_number":"Civ.A. 2:00CV579","citation":"129 F. Supp. 2d 924","date":"2001-01-22","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2471561\/whitlinger-v-continental-casualty-co\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 129 F.Supp.2d 924 (2001) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, E.D. Virginia"}}}},{"id":361857,"structure_id":51715,"section_number":"38.2-2407","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/38.2-2407\/","token":"38.2\/24\/1\/38.2-2407","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":361858,"structure_id":51715,"section_number":"38.2-2409","catch_line":"Agreement for joint control of money and assets","url":"\/38.2-2409\/","token":"38.2\/24\/1\/38.2-2409","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"REVI, LLC v. Chicago Title Insurance Co.","case_number":"Record 141562.","citation":"776 S.E.2d 808","date":"2015-09-17","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2959680\/revi-llc-v-chicago-title-insurance-co\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. Justice KELSEY, dissenting. .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"}}}},{"id":361859,"structure_id":51715,"section_number":"38.2-2410","catch_line":"Expense of securing bond to be allowed in settlements; exceptions","url":"\/38.2-2410\/","token":"38.2\/24\/1\/38.2-2410","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"REVI, LLC v. Chicago Title Insurance Co.","case_number":"Record 141562.","citation":"776 S.E.2d 808","date":"2015-09-17","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2959680\/revi-llc-v-chicago-title-insurance-co\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. Justice KELSEY, dissenting. .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"}}}},{"id":361860,"structure_id":51715,"section_number":"38.2-2411","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/38.2-2411\/","token":"38.2\/24\/1\/38.2-2411","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":361863,"structure_id":51715,"section_number":"38.2-2412","catch_line":"Notice to clerks of revocation of licenses","url":"\/38.2-2412\/","token":"38.2\/24\/1\/38.2-2412","metadata":false},{"id":361861,"structure_id":51715,"section_number":"38.2-2412.1","catch_line":"Notice to Department of Criminal Justice Services of revocation of property and casualty insurance license","url":"\/38.2-2412.1\/","token":"38.2\/24\/1\/38.2-2412.1","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":361862,"structure_id":51715,"section_number":"38.2-2412.2","catch_line":"Surety bail bondsman; notice to Department of Criminal Justice Services of violations","url":"\/38.2-2412.2\/","token":"38.2\/24\/1\/38.2-2412.2","metadata":false},{"id":361864,"structure_id":51715,"section_number":"38.2-2413","catch_line":"Release of insurers from liability; rights and remedies","url":"\/38.2-2413\/","token":"38.2\/24\/1\/38.2-2413","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":361865,"structure_id":51715,"section_number":"38.2-2414","catch_line":"Insurer estopped to deny power to assume liability","url":"\/38.2-2414\/","token":"38.2\/24\/1\/38.2-2414","metadata":false},{"id":361866,"structure_id":51715,"section_number":"38.2-2415","catch_line":"Where civil proceedings may be instituted","url":"\/38.2-2415\/","token":"38.2\/24\/1\/38.2-2415","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":361865,"structure_id":51715,"section_number":"38.2-2414","catch_line":"Insurer estopped to deny power to assume liability","url":"\/38.2-2414\/","token":"38.2\/24\/1\/38.2-2414","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/38.2-2415\/","history_text":"<p>The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1952, chapter 317; in 1986, chapter 562.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1440787,"object_type":"law","relational_id":361866,"identifier":"38.2-2415","token":"38.2\/24\/1\/38.2-2415","url":"\/38.2-2415\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/38.2-2415\/","token":"38.2\/24\/1\/38.2-2415","dublin_core":{"Title":"Where civil proceedings may be instituted","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 38.2-2415","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>Any suit or other civil proceeding may be instituted against any fidelity and <span class=\"dictionary\">surety<\/span> <span class=\"dictionary\">insurer<\/span> (i) at the place where it became <span class=\"dictionary\">surety<\/span> or assumed any duty or obligation that may be the subject of suit or other civil proceeding; or (ii) at the place where the principal obligor for whom it has become <span class=\"dictionary\">surety<\/span> may be sued. When the Commonwealth is a <span class=\"dictionary\">party<\/span>, <span class=\"dictionary\">plaintiff<\/span> or <span class=\"dictionary\">defendant<\/span>, the suit or proceeding shall be in the <span class=\"dictionary\">Circuit<\/span> <span class=\"dictionary\">Court<\/span> of the City of Richmond.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nWHERE CIVIL PROCEEDINGS MAY BE INSTITUTED (\u00a7 38.2-2415)\n\nAny suit or other civil proceeding may be instituted against any fidelity and\nsurety insurer (i) at the place where it became surety or assumed any duty or\nobligation that may be the subject of suit or other civil proceeding; or (ii) at\nthe place where the principal obligor for whom it has become surety may be sued.\nWhen the Commonwealth is a party, plaintiff or defendant, the suit or proceeding\nshall be in the Circuit Court of the City of Richmond.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7 38-346; 1952, c. 317, \u00a7 38.1-651; 1986, c. 562.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}