{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/36-12.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/36-12.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/36-12.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/36-12.html"}],"law_id":360592,"edition_id":2,"section_id":360592,"structure_id":51578,"section_number":"36-12","catch_line":"Powers vested in commissioners; quorum","history":"1938, p. 450; Michie Code 1942, \u00a7 3145(5); 1972, cc. 466, 782.","full_text":"The powers of each authority shall be vested in the commissioners thereof in office from time to time. A majority of the commissioners shall constitute a quorum of the authority for the purpose of conducting its business and exercising its powers and for all other purposes. Action may be taken by the authority upon a vote of a majority of the commissioners present, unless in any case the bylaws of the authority shall require a larger number.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1341795,"text":"The powers of each authority shall be vested in the commissioners thereof in office from time to time. A majority of the commissioners shall constitute a quorum of the authority for the purpose of conducting its business and exercising its powers and for all other purposes. Action may be taken by the authority upon a vote of a majority of the commissioners present, unless in any case the bylaws of the authority shall require a larger number.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":51578,"edition_id":2,"name":"Commissioners, Officers, Agents and Employees","identifier":"2","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":2,"parent_id":51573,"metadata":{"child_laws":11,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:44:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:32:41","permalink":{"id":1435321,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51578,"identifier":"2","token":"36\/1\/2","url":"\/36\/1\/2\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":51573,"edition_id":2,"name":"Housing Authorities Law","identifier":"1","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":51572,"metadata":{"child_laws":83,"child_structures":8},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:44:20","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:32:41","permalink":{"id":1435261,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51573,"identifier":"1","token":"36\/1","url":"\/36\/1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":51572,"edition_id":2,"name":"Housing","identifier":"36","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":83,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":336,"child_structures":35},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:44:20","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:32:40","permalink":{"id":1435259,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51572,"identifier":"36","token":"36","url":"\/36\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":360579,"structure_id":51578,"section_number":"36-11","catch_line":"Appointment and tenure of commissioners; compensation","url":"\/36-11\/","token":"36\/1\/2\/36-11","metadata":false},{"id":360576,"structure_id":51578,"section_number":"36-11.1","catch_line":"Compensation of commissioners in certain counties","url":"\/36-11.1\/","token":"36\/1\/2\/36-11.1","metadata":false},{"id":360577,"structure_id":51578,"section_number":"36-11.1:1","catch_line":"Compensation of commissioners generally","url":"\/36-11.1_1\/","token":"36\/1\/2\/36-11.1_1","metadata":false},{"id":360578,"structure_id":51578,"section_number":"36-11.2","catch_line":"Appointment of commissioners in certain cities","url":"\/36-11.2\/","token":"36\/1\/2\/36-11.2","metadata":false},{"id":360592,"structure_id":51578,"section_number":"36-12","catch_line":"Powers vested in commissioners; quorum","url":"\/36-12\/","token":"36\/1\/2\/36-12","metadata":false},{"id":360594,"structure_id":51578,"section_number":"36-13","catch_line":"Selection of chairman and other officers, agents and employees","url":"\/36-13\/","token":"36\/1\/2\/36-13","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"In Re Davis","case_number":"90-3096","citation":"936 F.2d 771","date":"1991-08-12","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/563676\/in-re-davis\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 936 F.2d 771 .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"1":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. Virginia Innovation Sciences, Inc. v. Samsung Electronics .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"Case No. 2:12cv548","citation":"976 F. Supp. 2d 794","date":"2013-09-25","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/8728792\/virginia-innovation-sciences-inc-v-samsung-electronics-co\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. OPINION AND ORDER .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, E.D. Virginia"},"2":{"name":"Nos. 7341-7343","case_number":"429_1","citation":"242 F.2d 429","date":"1957-03-11","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/241709\/nos-7341-7343\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 242 F.2d 429 .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"3":{"name":"United States v. James Jacobs","case_number":"24-4287","citation":null,"date":"2026-01-21","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/10778862\/united-states-v-james-jacobs\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. USCA4 Appeal: 24-4287      Doc: 45         Filed: 01\/21\/2026     Pg: 1 of 8 .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"4":{"name":"KMK Factoring, L.L.C. v. McKnew (In Re McKnew)","case_number":"19-70584","citation":"270 B.R. 593","date":"2001-11-02","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1908096\/kmk-factoring-llc-v-mcknew-in-re-mcknew\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 270 B.R. 593 (2001) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"United States Bankruptcy Court, E.D. Virginia"},"5":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. Appalachian Power Company v. Russell E. Train, as .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"74-2096, 74-2188, 74-2196, 74-2236, 74-2263 to 74-2265, 74-2268 to 74-2270, 74- 2286, 74-2298, 74-2312, 74-2313, 74-2315, 74-2339 to 74-2341, 74-2343, 74-2365, 74-2366, 74-2396, 75-1014, 75-1021, 75-1022, 75-1047, 75-1074, 75-1078, 75-1091, 75-1094, 75-1095, 75-1198, 75-1199, 75-1201, 75-1223, 75-1255, 75-1345 to 75-1347, 75-1020, 75-1200 and 75-1203","citation":"545 F.2d 1351","date":"1976-08-31","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/340902\/appalachian-power-company-v-russell-e-train-as-administrator\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 545 F.2d 1351 .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"6":{"name":"Moody v. City of Newport News","case_number":"Civil No. 4:14cv99","citation":"193 F. Supp. 3d 530","date":"2016-06-16","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/7320919\/moody-v-city-of-newport-news\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. OPINION AND ORDER .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, E.D. Virginia"},"7":{"name":"Conner v. Schrader-Bridgeport","case_number":"98-2055","citation":null,"date":"2000-09-13","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2967284\/conner-v-schrader-bridgeport\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. PUBLISHED .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"8":{"name":"Bradley v. School Board of City of Richmond, Virginia","case_number":"9471_1","citation":"345 F.2d 310","date":"1965-10-05","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/267870\/bradley-v-school-board-of-city-of-richmond-virginia\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 345 F.2d 310 .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"9":{"name":"Cumberland Gaslight Co. v. West Virginia & Maryland Gas Co.","case_number":"No. 1,018","citation":"188 F. 585","date":"1911-05-04","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/8795548\/cumberland-gaslight-co-v-west-virginia-maryland-gas-co\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. DAYTON, District Judge .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"}}}},{"id":360616,"structure_id":51578,"section_number":"36-14","catch_line":"Legal counsel","url":"\/36-14\/","token":"36\/1\/2\/36-14","metadata":false},{"id":360630,"structure_id":51578,"section_number":"36-15","catch_line":"Delegation of authority","url":"\/36-15\/","token":"36\/1\/2\/36-15","metadata":false},{"id":360647,"structure_id":51578,"section_number":"36-16","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/36-16\/","token":"36\/1\/2\/36-16","metadata":false},{"id":360658,"structure_id":51578,"section_number":"36-17","catch_line":"Removal of commissioners","url":"\/36-17\/","token":"36\/1\/2\/36-17","metadata":false},{"id":360665,"structure_id":51578,"section_number":"36-18","catch_line":"Meetings and residence of commissioners","url":"\/36-18\/","token":"36\/1\/2\/36-18","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":360578,"structure_id":51578,"section_number":"36-11.2","catch_line":"Appointment of commissioners in certain cities","url":"\/36-11.2\/","token":"36\/1\/2\/36-11.2","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":360594,"structure_id":51578,"section_number":"36-13","catch_line":"Selection of chairman and other officers, agents and employees","url":"\/36-13\/","token":"36\/1\/2\/36-13","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"In Re Davis","case_number":"90-3096","citation":"936 F.2d 771","date":"1991-08-12","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/563676\/in-re-davis\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 936 F.2d 771 .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"1":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. Virginia Innovation Sciences, Inc. v. Samsung Electronics .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"Case No. 2:12cv548","citation":"976 F. Supp. 2d 794","date":"2013-09-25","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/8728792\/virginia-innovation-sciences-inc-v-samsung-electronics-co\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. OPINION AND ORDER .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, E.D. Virginia"},"2":{"name":"Nos. 7341-7343","case_number":"429_1","citation":"242 F.2d 429","date":"1957-03-11","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/241709\/nos-7341-7343\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 242 F.2d 429 .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"3":{"name":"United States v. James Jacobs","case_number":"24-4287","citation":null,"date":"2026-01-21","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/10778862\/united-states-v-james-jacobs\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. USCA4 Appeal: 24-4287      Doc: 45         Filed: 01\/21\/2026     Pg: 1 of 8 .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"4":{"name":"KMK Factoring, L.L.C. v. McKnew (In Re McKnew)","case_number":"19-70584","citation":"270 B.R. 593","date":"2001-11-02","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1908096\/kmk-factoring-llc-v-mcknew-in-re-mcknew\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 270 B.R. 593 (2001) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"United States Bankruptcy Court, E.D. Virginia"},"5":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. Appalachian Power Company v. Russell E. Train, as .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"74-2096, 74-2188, 74-2196, 74-2236, 74-2263 to 74-2265, 74-2268 to 74-2270, 74- 2286, 74-2298, 74-2312, 74-2313, 74-2315, 74-2339 to 74-2341, 74-2343, 74-2365, 74-2366, 74-2396, 75-1014, 75-1021, 75-1022, 75-1047, 75-1074, 75-1078, 75-1091, 75-1094, 75-1095, 75-1198, 75-1199, 75-1201, 75-1223, 75-1255, 75-1345 to 75-1347, 75-1020, 75-1200 and 75-1203","citation":"545 F.2d 1351","date":"1976-08-31","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/340902\/appalachian-power-company-v-russell-e-train-as-administrator\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 545 F.2d 1351 .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"6":{"name":"Moody v. City of Newport News","case_number":"Civil No. 4:14cv99","citation":"193 F. Supp. 3d 530","date":"2016-06-16","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/7320919\/moody-v-city-of-newport-news\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. OPINION AND ORDER .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, E.D. Virginia"},"7":{"name":"Conner v. Schrader-Bridgeport","case_number":"98-2055","citation":null,"date":"2000-09-13","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2967284\/conner-v-schrader-bridgeport\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. PUBLISHED .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"8":{"name":"Bradley v. School Board of City of Richmond, Virginia","case_number":"9471_1","citation":"345 F.2d 310","date":"1965-10-05","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/267870\/bradley-v-school-board-of-city-of-richmond-virginia\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 345 F.2d 310 .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"9":{"name":"Cumberland Gaslight Co. v. West Virginia & Maryland Gas Co.","case_number":"No. 1,018","citation":"188 F. 585","date":"1911-05-04","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/8795548\/cumberland-gaslight-co-v-west-virginia-maryland-gas-co\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. DAYTON, District Judge .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"}}}},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/36-12\/","history_text":"<p>The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 1972, chapters 466 and 782.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1435339,"object_type":"law","relational_id":360592,"identifier":"36-12","token":"36\/1\/2\/36-12","url":"\/36-12\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/36-12\/","token":"36\/1\/2\/36-12","dublin_core":{"Title":"Powers vested in commissioners; quorum","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 36-12","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>The powers of each <span class=\"dictionary\">authority<\/span> shall be vested in the commissioners thereof in office from time to time. A majority of the commissioners shall constitute a quorum of the <span class=\"dictionary\">authority<\/span> for the purpose of conducting its business and exercising its powers and for all other purposes. Action may be taken by the <span class=\"dictionary\">authority<\/span> upon a vote of a majority of the commissioners present, unless in any case the bylaws of the <span class=\"dictionary\">authority<\/span> shall require a larger number.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nPOWERS VESTED IN COMMISSIONERS; QUORUM (\u00a7 36-12)\n\nThe powers of each authority shall be vested in the commissioners thereof in\noffice from time to time. A majority of the commissioners shall constitute a\nquorum of the authority for the purpose of conducting its business and\nexercising its powers and for all other purposes. Action may be taken by the\nauthority upon a vote of a majority of the commissioners present, unless in any\ncase the bylaws of the authority shall require a larger number.\n\nHISTORY: 1938, p. 450; Michie Code 1942, \u00a7 3145(5); 1972, cc. 466, 782.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}