{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/33.2-241.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/33.2-241.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/33.2-241.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/33.2-241.html"}],"law_id":360097,"edition_id":2,"section_id":360097,"structure_id":51520,"section_number":"33.2-241","catch_line":"Connections over shoulders of highways for intersecting commercial establishment entrances; penalty","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 33-116.1; 1956, c. 91; 1966, c. 378; 1970, c. 322, \u00a7 33.1-198; 2005, c. 645; 2007, cc. 863, 928; 2014, c. 805; 2017, c. 542.","full_text":"The Commissioner of Highways shall permit suitable connections from where commercial establishment entrances are desired to intersect improved highways and over and across the shoulders and unimproved parts of such highways to the paved or otherwise improved parts thereof that comply with the access management standards of the Commissioner of Highways for the location, spacing, and design of entrances, taking into account the operating characteristics and federal functional classification of the highway, to provide the users of such entrances safe and convenient means of ingress and egress with motor vehicles to and from the paved or otherwise improved parts of such highways while minimizing the impact of such ingress and egress on the operation of such highways, provided that any person desiring such an entrance shall:\n\n1\n\nBe required first to obtain a permit therefor from the Commissioner of Highways;\n\n2\n\nProvide the entrance at his expense;\n\n3\n\nIf required by the Commissioner of Highways, provide for the joint use of the desired entrance with adjacent property owners or provide evidence of such efforts; and\n\n4\n\nConstruct the entrance or have the entrance constructed, including such safety structures as are required by the Commissioner of Highways, pursuant to the Department of Transportation’s design standards and applicable Department regulations concerning access management and applicable Board regulations concerning land use permits.\n\t\t\tAll commercial entrances whether or not constructed under this section shall be maintained by the owner of the premises at all times in a manner satisfactory to the Commissioner of Highways.\n\n\t\t\tAny person violating the provisions of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of not less than $5 nor more than $100 for each offense. Following a conviction and 15 days for correction, each day during which the violation continues shall constitute a separate and distinct offense and be punishable as such. Such person shall be civilly liable to the Commonwealth for actual damage sustained by the Commonwealth by reason of his wrongful act.\n\n\t\t\tThe Commissioner of Highways shall document and maintain a list of anyone who has requested an onsite meeting with the resident engineer or his staff. Such list shall also include recommendations made pursuant to the Department of Transportation’s design standards and applicable Department regulations concerning access management and applicable Board regulations concerning land use permits and any associated cost estimates. Such list shall be provided to a locality upon the request of such locality.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1339787,"text":"The Commissioner of Highways shall permit suitable connections from where commercial establishment entrances are desired to intersect improved highways and over and across the shoulders and unimproved parts of such highways to the paved or otherwise improved parts thereof that comply with the access management standards of the Commissioner of Highways for the location, spacing, and design of entrances, taking into account the operating characteristics and federal functional classification of the highway, to provide the users of such entrances safe and convenient means of ingress and egress with motor vehicles to and from the paved or otherwise improved parts of such highways while minimizing the impact of such ingress and egress on the operation of such highways, provided that any person desiring such an entrance shall:","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"next_prefix":"1"},"1":{"id":1339788,"text":"Be required first to obtain a permit therefor from the Commissioner of Highways;","type":"section","prefixes":["1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"1","prefix_anchor":"1","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":"2"},"2":{"id":1339789,"text":"Provide the entrance at his expense;","type":"section","prefixes":["2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"2","prefix_anchor":"2","level":1,"prior_prefix":"1","next_prefix":"3"},"3":{"id":1339790,"text":"If required by the Commissioner of Highways, provide for the joint use of the desired entrance with adjacent property owners or provide evidence of such efforts; and","type":"section","prefixes":["3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"3","prefix_anchor":"3","level":1,"prior_prefix":"2","next_prefix":"4"},"4":{"id":1339791,"text":"Construct the entrance or have the entrance constructed, including such safety structures as are required by the Commissioner of Highways, pursuant to the Department of Transportation’s design standards and applicable Department regulations concerning access management and applicable Board regulations concerning land use permits.\n\t\t\tAll commercial entrances whether or not constructed under this section shall be maintained by the owner of the premises at all times in a manner satisfactory to the Commissioner of Highways.\t\t\tAny person violating the provisions of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of not less than $5 nor more than $100 for each offense. Following a conviction and 15 days for correction, each day during which the violation continues shall constitute a separate and distinct offense and be punishable as such. Such person shall be civilly liable to the Commonwealth for actual damage sustained by the Commonwealth by reason of his wrongful act.\t\t\tThe Commissioner of Highways shall document and maintain a list of anyone who has requested an onsite meeting with the resident engineer or his staff. Such list shall also include recommendations made pursuant to the Department of Transportation’s design standards and applicable Department regulations concerning access management and applicable Board regulations concerning land use permits and any associated cost estimates. Such list shall be provided to a locality upon the request of such locality.","type":"section","prefixes":["4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"4","prefix_anchor":"4","level":1,"prior_prefix":"3"}},"ancestry":[{"id":51520,"edition_id":2,"name":"Commissioner of Highways","identifier":"3","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":3,"parent_id":51514,"metadata":{"child_laws":34,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:43:19","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:32:29","permalink":{"id":1431991,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51520,"identifier":"3","token":"33.2\/I\/2\/3","url":"\/33.2\/I\/2\/3\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":51514,"edition_id":2,"name":"Transportation Entities","identifier":"2","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":2,"parent_id":51473,"metadata":{"child_laws":120,"child_structures":6},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:43:10","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:32:29","permalink":{"id":1431877,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51514,"identifier":"2","token":"33.2\/I\/2","url":"\/33.2\/I\/2\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":51473,"edition_id":2,"name":"General Provisions and Transportation Entities","identifier":"I","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":51472,"metadata":{"child_laws":141,"child_structures":8},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:42:40","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:32:29","permalink":{"id":1431789,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51473,"identifier":"I","token":"33.2\/I","url":"\/33.2\/I\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":51472,"edition_id":2,"name":"Highways and Other Surface Transportation Systems","identifier":"33.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":77,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":749,"child_structures":88},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:42:40","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:32:28","permalink":{"id":1431787,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51472,"identifier":"33.2","token":"33.2","url":"\/33.2\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":360071,"structure_id":51520,"section_number":"33.2-222","catch_line":"Commissioner of Highways","url":"\/33.2-222\/","token":"33.2\/I\/2\/3\/33.2-222","metadata":false},{"id":360075,"structure_id":51520,"section_number":"33.2-223","catch_line":"General powers of Commissioner of Highways","url":"\/33.2-223\/","token":"33.2\/I\/2\/3\/33.2-223","metadata":false},{"id":360076,"structure_id":51520,"section_number":"33.2-224","catch_line":"Employees; delegation of responsibilities","url":"\/33.2-224\/","token":"33.2\/I\/2\/3\/33.2-224","metadata":false},{"id":360077,"structure_id":51520,"section_number":"33.2-225","catch_line":"Liaison duties with other organizations","url":"\/33.2-225\/","token":"33.2\/I\/2\/3\/33.2-225","metadata":false},{"id":360078,"structure_id":51520,"section_number":"33.2-226","catch_line":"Authority to lease or convey airspace","url":"\/33.2-226\/","token":"33.2\/I\/2\/3\/33.2-226","metadata":false},{"id":360079,"structure_id":51520,"section_number":"33.2-227","catch_line":"Defense of employees","url":"\/33.2-227\/","token":"33.2\/I\/2\/3\/33.2-227","metadata":false},{"id":360080,"structure_id":51520,"section_number":"33.2-228","catch_line":"Agreements between Commissioner of Highways and certain localities","url":"\/33.2-228\/","token":"33.2\/I\/2\/3\/33.2-228","metadata":false},{"id":360081,"structure_id":51520,"section_number":"33.2-229","catch_line":"Furnishing information regarding right-of-way transactions","url":"\/33.2-229\/","token":"33.2\/I\/2\/3\/33.2-229","metadata":false},{"id":360082,"structure_id":51520,"section_number":"33.2-230","catch_line":"Written notice of decision to dispose of real property","url":"\/33.2-230\/","token":"33.2\/I\/2\/3\/33.2-230","metadata":false},{"id":360085,"structure_id":51520,"section_number":"33.2-231","catch_line":"Establish community service landscaping program","url":"\/33.2-231\/","token":"33.2\/I\/2\/3\/33.2-231","metadata":false},{"id":360086,"structure_id":51520,"section_number":"33.2-232","catch_line":"Biennial reports by Commissioner of Highways and the Office of Intermodal Planning and Investment","url":"\/33.2-232\/","token":"33.2\/I\/2\/3\/33.2-232","metadata":false},{"id":360087,"structure_id":51520,"section_number":"33.2-233","catch_line":"Gathering and reporting of information and statistics","url":"\/33.2-233\/","token":"33.2\/I\/2\/3\/33.2-233","metadata":false},{"id":360088,"structure_id":51520,"section_number":"33.2-234","catch_line":"Construction by state or local employees","url":"\/33.2-234\/","token":"33.2\/I\/2\/3\/33.2-234","metadata":false},{"id":360089,"structure_id":51520,"section_number":"33.2-235","catch_line":"Procurement","url":"\/33.2-235\/","token":"33.2\/I\/2\/3\/33.2-235","metadata":false},{"id":360090,"structure_id":51520,"section_number":"33.2-236","catch_line":" Maps or plats prepared at request and expense of local governing bodies and other groups; Department of Energy to seek other existing sources","url":"\/33.2-236\/","token":"33.2\/I\/2\/3\/33.2-236","metadata":false},{"id":360091,"structure_id":51520,"section_number":"33.2-237","catch_line":"Directional signs for certain educational institutions","url":"\/33.2-237\/","token":"33.2\/I\/2\/3\/33.2-237","metadata":false},{"id":360092,"structure_id":51520,"section_number":"33.2-238","catch_line":"Closing highways for safety of public or proper completion of construction; injury to barriers, signs, etc","url":"\/33.2-238\/","token":"33.2\/I\/2\/3\/33.2-238","metadata":false},{"id":360093,"structure_id":51520,"section_number":"33.2-239","catch_line":"Providing highway detours","url":"\/33.2-239\/","token":"33.2\/I\/2\/3\/33.2-239","metadata":false},{"id":360094,"structure_id":51520,"section_number":"33.2-240","catch_line":"Connections over shoulders of highways for intersecting private roads","url":"\/33.2-240\/","token":"33.2\/I\/2\/3\/33.2-240","metadata":false},{"id":360097,"structure_id":51520,"section_number":"33.2-241","catch_line":"Connections over shoulders of highways for intersecting commercial establishment entrances; penalty","url":"\/33.2-241\/","token":"33.2\/I\/2\/3\/33.2-241","metadata":false},{"id":360098,"structure_id":51520,"section_number":"33.2-242","catch_line":"Replacing entrances destroyed in the repair or construction of highways","url":"\/33.2-242\/","token":"33.2\/I\/2\/3\/33.2-242","metadata":false},{"id":360099,"structure_id":51520,"section_number":"33.2-243","catch_line":"Paying for damages sustained to personal property by reason of work projects, etc","url":"\/33.2-243\/","token":"33.2\/I\/2\/3\/33.2-243","metadata":false},{"id":360100,"structure_id":51520,"section_number":"33.2-244","catch_line":"Removal of snow and ice from public highways by private entities","url":"\/33.2-244\/","token":"33.2\/I\/2\/3\/33.2-244","metadata":false},{"id":360101,"structure_id":51520,"section_number":"33.2-245","catch_line":"Comprehensive highway access management standards","url":"\/33.2-245\/","token":"33.2\/I\/2\/3\/33.2-245","metadata":false},{"id":360102,"structure_id":51520,"section_number":"33.2-246","catch_line":"Recreational waysides; regulations; penalties","url":"\/33.2-246\/","token":"33.2\/I\/2\/3\/33.2-246","metadata":false},{"id":360103,"structure_id":51520,"section_number":"33.2-247","catch_line":"Wetlands mitigation banking","url":"\/33.2-247\/","token":"33.2\/I\/2\/3\/33.2-247","metadata":false},{"id":360104,"structure_id":51520,"section_number":"33.2-248","catch_line":"Expenditure of funds for interstate bridges and approaches","url":"\/33.2-248\/","token":"33.2\/I\/2\/3\/33.2-248","metadata":false},{"id":360105,"structure_id":51520,"section_number":"33.2-249","catch_line":"Maintenance and operation of bridges or tunnels on the city and state line","url":"\/33.2-249\/","token":"33.2\/I\/2\/3\/33.2-249","metadata":false},{"id":360106,"structure_id":51520,"section_number":"33.2-250","catch_line":"Improving certain private roads and certain town streets and roads","url":"\/33.2-250\/","token":"33.2\/I\/2\/3\/33.2-250","metadata":false},{"id":360117,"structure_id":51520,"section_number":"33.2-251","catch_line":"Installation and maintenance of \"children at play\" signs in counties and towns","url":"\/33.2-251\/","token":"33.2\/I\/2\/3\/33.2-251","metadata":false},{"id":360121,"structure_id":51520,"section_number":"33.2-252","catch_line":"Tramways and railways along or across public highways; appeals","url":"\/33.2-252\/","token":"33.2\/I\/2\/3\/33.2-252","metadata":false},{"id":360122,"structure_id":51520,"section_number":"33.2-253","catch_line":"Highway safety corridor program","url":"\/33.2-253\/","token":"33.2\/I\/2\/3\/33.2-253","metadata":false},{"id":360123,"structure_id":51520,"section_number":"33.2-254","catch_line":"Erection and maintenance of newspaper route boxes","url":"\/33.2-254\/","token":"33.2\/I\/2\/3\/33.2-254","metadata":false},{"id":360124,"structure_id":51520,"section_number":"33.2-255","catch_line":"Sale or lease of properties acquired for highway construction","url":"\/33.2-255\/","token":"33.2\/I\/2\/3\/33.2-255","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":360094,"structure_id":51520,"section_number":"33.2-240","catch_line":"Connections over shoulders of highways for intersecting private roads","url":"\/33.2-240\/","token":"33.2\/I\/2\/3\/33.2-240","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":360098,"structure_id":51520,"section_number":"33.2-242","catch_line":"Replacing entrances destroyed in the repair or construction of highways","url":"\/33.2-242\/","token":"33.2\/I\/2\/3\/33.2-242","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/33.2-241\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 7 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1956, chapter 91; in 1966, chapter 378; in 1970, chapter 322; in 2005, chapter 645<\/a>; in 2007, chapters 863<\/a> and 928<\/a>; in 2014, chapter 805<\/a>; in 2017, chapter 542<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1432069,"object_type":"law","relational_id":360097,"identifier":"33.2-241","token":"33.2\/I\/2\/3\/33.2-241","url":"\/33.2-241\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/33.2-241\/","token":"33.2\/I\/2\/3\/33.2-241","dublin_core":{"Title":"Connections over shoulders of highways for intersecting commercial establishment entrances; penalty","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 33.2-241","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

The Commissioner of Highways<\/span> shall permit suitable connections from where commercial establishment entrances are desired to intersect improved highways and over and across the shoulders and unimproved parts of such highways to the paved or otherwise improved parts thereof that comply with the access management standards of the Commissioner of Highways<\/span> for the location, spacing, and design of entrances, taking into account the operating characteristics and federal functional classification of the highway<\/span>, to provide the users of such entrances safe and convenient means of ingress and egress with motor vehicles to and from the paved or otherwise improved parts of such highways while minimizing the impact of such ingress and egress on the operation of such highways, provided that any person desiring such an entrance shall:<\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Be required first to obtain a permit therefor from the Commissioner of Highways<\/span>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Provide the entrance at his expense; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> If required by the Commissioner of Highways<\/span>, provide for the joint use of the desired entrance with adjacent property owners or provide evidence<\/span> of such efforts; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> Construct the entrance or have the entrance constructed, including such safety structures as are required by the Commissioner of Highways<\/span>, pursuant to the Department<\/span> of Transportation’s design standards and applicable Department<\/span> regulations concerning access management and applicable Board<\/span> regulations concerning land use permits.\n\t\t\tAll commercial entrances whether or not constructed under this section shall be maintained by the owner of the premises at all times in a manner satisfactory to the Commissioner of Highways<\/span>.

\t\t\tAny person violating the provisions of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor<\/span> punishable by a fine of not less than $5 nor more than $100 for each offense<\/span>. Following a conviction<\/span> and 15 days for correction, each day during which the violation continues shall constitute a separate and distinct offense<\/span> and be punishable as such. Such person shall be civilly liable to the Commonwealth for actual damage sustained by the Commonwealth by reason of his wrongful act.

\t\t\tThe Commissioner of Highways<\/span> shall document and maintain a list of anyone who has requested an onsite meeting with the resident engineer or his staff. Such list shall also include recommendations made pursuant to the Department<\/span> of Transportation’s design standards and applicable Department<\/span> regulations concerning access management and applicable Board<\/span> regulations concerning land use permits and any associated cost estimates. Such list shall be provided to a locality upon the request of such locality. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nCONNECTIONS OVER SHOULDERS OF HIGHWAYS FOR INTERSECTING COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENT\nENTRANCES; PENALTY (\u00a7 33.2-241)\n\nThe Commissioner of Highways shall permit suitable connections from where\ncommercial establishment entrances are desired to intersect improved highways\nand over and across the shoulders and unimproved parts of such highways to the\npaved or otherwise improved parts thereof that comply with the access management\nstandards of the Commissioner of Highways for the location, spacing, and design\nof entrances, taking into account the operating characteristics and federal\nfunctional classification of the highway, to provide the users of such entrances\nsafe and convenient means of ingress and egress with motor vehicles to and from\nthe paved or otherwise improved parts of such highways while minimizing the\nimpact of such ingress and egress on the operation of such highways, provided\nthat any person desiring such an entrance shall:\n\n1. Be required first to obtain a permit therefor from the Commissioner of\nHighways;\n\n2. Provide the entrance at his expense;\n\n3. If required by the Commissioner of Highways, provide for the joint use of the\ndesired entrance with adjacent property owners or provide evidence of such\nefforts; and\n\n4. Construct the entrance or have the entrance constructed, including such\nsafety structures as are required by the Commissioner of Highways, pursuant to\nthe Department of Transportation’s design standards and applicable\nDepartment regulations concerning access management and applicable Board\nregulations concerning land use permits.\n\t\t\tAll commercial entrances whether or not constructed under this section shall\nbe maintained by the owner of the premises at all times in a manner satisfactory\nto the Commissioner of Highways.\t\t\tAny person violating the provisions of this\nsection is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of not less than $5 nor\nmore than $100 for each offense. Following a conviction and 15 days for\ncorrection, each day during which the violation continues shall constitute a\nseparate and distinct offense and be punishable as such. Such person shall be\ncivilly liable to the Commonwealth for actual damage sustained by the\nCommonwealth by reason of his wrongful act.\t\t\tThe Commissioner of Highways shall\ndocument and maintain a list of anyone who has requested an onsite meeting with\nthe resident engineer or his staff. Such list shall also include recommendations\nmade pursuant to the Department of Transportation’s design standards and\napplicable Department regulations concerning access management and applicable\nBoard regulations concerning land use permits and any associated cost estimates.\nSuch list shall be provided to a locality upon the request of such locality.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7 33-116.1; 1956, c. 91; 1966, c. 378; 1970, c. 322, \u00a7\n33.1-198; 2005, c. 645; 2007, cc. 863, 928; 2014, c. 805; 2017, c. 542.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}