{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/30-128.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/30-128.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/30-128.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/30-128.html"}],"law_id":358442,"edition_id":2,"section_id":358442,"structure_id":51262,"section_number":"30-128","catch_line":"Limitation of actions","history":"1987, Sp. Sess., c. 1, \u00a7 2.1-639.58; 2001, c. 844.","full_text":"The statute of limitations for the criminal prosecution of a legislator for violation of any provision of this chapter shall be one year from the time the Attorney General has actual knowledge of the violation or five years from the date of the violation, whichever event first occurs.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1333608,"text":"The statute of limitations for the criminal prosecution of a legislator for violation of any provision of this chapter shall be one year from the time the Attorney General has actual knowledge of the violation or five years from the date of the violation, whichever event first occurs.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":51262,"edition_id":2,"name":"Disclosure Statements Required to Be Filed","identifier":"5","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":5,"parent_id":51257,"metadata":{"child_laws":24,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:39:54","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:32:01","permalink":{"id":1426427,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51262,"identifier":"5","token":"30\/13\/5","url":"\/30\/13\/5\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":51257,"edition_id":2,"name":"General Assembly Conflicts of Interests Act","identifier":"13","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":18,"parent_id":51255,"metadata":{"child_laws":38,"child_structures":6},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:39:52","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:31:59","permalink":{"id":1426373,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51257,"identifier":"13","token":"30\/13","url":"\/30\/13\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":51255,"edition_id":2,"name":"General Assembly","identifier":"30","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":73,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":476,"child_structures":87},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:39:52","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:31:55","permalink":{"id":1426021,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51255,"identifier":"30","token":"30","url":"\/30\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":358418,"structure_id":51262,"section_number":"30-109","catch_line":"Application","url":"\/30-109\/","token":"30\/13\/5\/30-109","metadata":false},{"id":358421,"structure_id":51262,"section_number":"30-110","catch_line":"Disclosure","url":"\/30-110\/","token":"30\/13\/5\/30-110","metadata":false},{"id":358420,"structure_id":51262,"section_number":"30-110.1","catch_line":"Report of gifts","url":"\/30-110.1\/","token":"30\/13\/5\/30-110.1","metadata":false},{"id":358423,"structure_id":51262,"section_number":"30-111","catch_line":"Disclosure form","url":"\/30-111\/","token":"30\/13\/5\/30-111","metadata":false},{"id":358422,"structure_id":51262,"section_number":"30-111.1","catch_line":"Disclosure form; filing requirements","url":"\/30-111.1\/","token":"30\/13\/5\/30-111.1","metadata":false},{"id":358424,"structure_id":51262,"section_number":"30-112","catch_line":"Senate and House Ethics Advisory Panels; membership; terms; quorum; compensation and expenses","url":"\/30-112\/","token":"30\/13\/5\/30-112","metadata":false},{"id":358426,"structure_id":51262,"section_number":"30-113","catch_line":"Powers and duties of Panel","url":"\/30-113\/","token":"30\/13\/5\/30-113","metadata":false},{"id":358425,"structure_id":51262,"section_number":"30-113.1","catch_line":"Records","url":"\/30-113.1\/","token":"30\/13\/5\/30-113.1","metadata":false},{"id":358427,"structure_id":51262,"section_number":"30-114","catch_line":"Filing of complaints; procedures; disposition","url":"\/30-114\/","token":"30\/13\/5\/30-114","metadata":false},{"id":358428,"structure_id":51262,"section_number":"30-115","catch_line":"Subpoenas","url":"\/30-115\/","token":"30\/13\/5\/30-115","metadata":false},{"id":358429,"structure_id":51262,"section_number":"30-116","catch_line":"Disposition of cases","url":"\/30-116\/","token":"30\/13\/5\/30-116","metadata":false},{"id":358430,"structure_id":51262,"section_number":"30-117","catch_line":"Confidentiality of proceedings","url":"\/30-117\/","token":"30\/13\/5\/30-117","metadata":false},{"id":358431,"structure_id":51262,"section_number":"30-118","catch_line":"Staff for Panel","url":"\/30-118\/","token":"30\/13\/5\/30-118","metadata":false},{"id":358432,"structure_id":51262,"section_number":"30-119","catch_line":"Jurisdiction of Panel","url":"\/30-119\/","token":"30\/13\/5\/30-119","metadata":false},{"id":358434,"structure_id":51262,"section_number":"30-120","catch_line":"Senate and House Committees on Standards of Conduct","url":"\/30-120\/","token":"30\/13\/5\/30-120","metadata":false},{"id":358435,"structure_id":51262,"section_number":"30-121","catch_line":"Adoption of rules governing procedures and disciplinary sanctions","url":"\/30-121\/","token":"30\/13\/5\/30-121","metadata":false},{"id":358436,"structure_id":51262,"section_number":"30-122","catch_line":"Enforcement","url":"\/30-122\/","token":"30\/13\/5\/30-122","metadata":false},{"id":358437,"structure_id":51262,"section_number":"30-123","catch_line":"Knowing violation of chapter a misdemeanor","url":"\/30-123\/","token":"30\/13\/5\/30-123","metadata":false},{"id":358438,"structure_id":51262,"section_number":"30-124","catch_line":"Advisory opinions","url":"\/30-124\/","token":"30\/13\/5\/30-124","metadata":false},{"id":358439,"structure_id":51262,"section_number":"30-125","catch_line":"Invalidation of contract; recision of sales","url":"\/30-125\/","token":"30\/13\/5\/30-125","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"Timothy Richardson v. Edward Thomas","case_number":"18-3","citation":"930 F.3d 587","date":"2019-07-12","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/4639217\/timothy-richardson-v-edward-thomas\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. TRAXLER, Senior Circuit Judge: .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"1":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. Atlantic Purchasers, Inc., Stella Maris Inn, Ltd. v. .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"82-1199(L), 82-1200, 82-1322","citation":"705 F.2d 712","date":"1983-04-14","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/417721\/atlantic-purchasers-inc-stella-maris-inn-ltd-v-aircraft-sales-inc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. ALBERT V. BRYAN, Senior Circuit Judge, .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"2":{"name":"A HELPING HAND, LLC v. Baltimore County, MD","case_number":"06-2026","citation":"515 F.3d 356","date":"2008-02-12","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1024999\/a-helping-hand-llc-v-baltimore-county-md\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 515 F.3d 356 (2008) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"3":{"name":"Liberty University, Inc. v. Geithner","case_number":"6:10-cv-00015-nkm","citation":"753 F. Supp. 2d 611","date":"2010-11-30","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2476661\/liberty-university-inc-v-geithner\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 753 F.Supp.2d 611 (2010) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, W.D. Virginia"},"4":{"name":"BMG Rights Management (US) LLC v. Cox Communications, Inc.","case_number":"Civil No. 1:14-cv-1611","citation":"149 F. Supp. 3d 634","date":"2015-12-01","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/7317239\/bmg-rights-management-us-llc-v-cox-communications-inc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. MEMORANDUM OPINION .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, E.D. Virginia"}}}},{"id":358440,"structure_id":51262,"section_number":"30-126","catch_line":"Civil penalty from violation of this chapter","url":"\/30-126\/","token":"30\/13\/5\/30-126","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"Abdul Azim Jaghoori v. Eric Holder, Jr.","case_number":"13-1801","citation":"772 F.3d 764","date":"2014-11-18","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2752629\/abdul-azim-jaghoori-v-eric-holder-jr\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. Petition for review granted and ease remanded by published opinion. Judge THACKER wrote the majority .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"1":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. Snider International Corporation v. Town of Forest Heights, .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"12-2490","citation":"739 F.3d 140","date":"2014-01-07","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2648383\/snider-international-corporation-v-town-of-forest-heights-md\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. Affirmed by published opinion. Judge GREGORY wrote the opinion, in which Judge KING and Judge AGEE .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"2":{"name":"Magruder v. Com.","case_number":"Record 070762.; Record 070815.; Record 070817.","citation":"657 S.E.2d 113","date":"2008-02-29","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1058523\/magruder-v-com\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 657 S.E.2d 113 (2008) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"3":{"name":"United States v. Irek Hamidullin","case_number":"15-4788","citation":"888 F.3d 62","date":"2018-04-18","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/4487887\/united-states-v-irek-hamidullin\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. FLOYD, Circuit Judge: .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"4":{"name":"William MacDonald v. Tim Moose","case_number":"11-7427","citation":"710 F.3d 154","date":"2013-03-12","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/854980\/william-macdonald-v-tim-moose\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. Reversed and remanded by published opinion. Judge KING wrote the majority opinion, in which Judge .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"5":{"name":"Ostergren v. McDonnell","case_number":"Civil Action 3:08cv362","citation":"643 F. Supp. 2d 758","date":"2009-06-02","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2577321\/ostergren-v-mcdonnell\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 643 F.Supp.2d 758 (2009) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, E.D. Virginia"},"6":{"name":"Richmond Medical Center for Women v. Herring","case_number":"03-1821, 04-1255","citation":"570 F.3d 165","date":"2009-06-24","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1029238\/richmond-medical-center-for-women-v-herring\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. OPINION .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"7":{"name":"United States v. Hamidullin","case_number":"Case No. 3:14CR140-HEH","citation":"114 F. Supp. 3d 365","date":"2015-07-13","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/7314324\/united-states-v-hamidullin\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. MEMORANDUM OPINION .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, E.D. Virginia"},"8":{"name":"Richmond Medical Center for Women v. Herring","case_number":"03-1821, 04-1255","citation":"527 F.3d 128","date":"2008-05-20","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1025760\/richmond-medical-center-for-women-v-herring\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. Affirmed by published opinion. Judge MICHAEL wrote the majority opinion, in which Judge MOTZ joined. .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"9":{"name":"Watkins v. Cantrell","case_number":"83-1866","citation":"736 F.2d 933","date":"1984-06-06","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/437251\/watkins-v-cantrell\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 736 F.2d 933 .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"}}}},{"id":358441,"structure_id":51262,"section_number":"30-127","catch_line":"Criminal prosecutions","url":"\/30-127\/","token":"30\/13\/5\/30-127","metadata":false},{"id":358442,"structure_id":51262,"section_number":"30-128","catch_line":"Limitation of actions","url":"\/30-128\/","token":"30\/13\/5\/30-128","metadata":false},{"id":358449,"structure_id":51262,"section_number":"30-129","catch_line":"Venue","url":"\/30-129\/","token":"30\/13\/5\/30-129","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":358441,"structure_id":51262,"section_number":"30-127","catch_line":"Criminal prosecutions","url":"\/30-127\/","token":"30\/13\/5\/30-127","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":358449,"structure_id":51262,"section_number":"30-129","catch_line":"Venue","url":"\/30-129\/","token":"30\/13\/5\/30-129","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/30-128\/","history_text":"<p>The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2001, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?011+ful+CHAP0844\">844<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1426517,"object_type":"law","relational_id":358442,"identifier":"30-128","token":"30\/13\/5\/30-128","url":"\/30-128\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/30-128\/","token":"30\/13\/5\/30-128","dublin_core":{"Title":"Limitation of actions","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 30-128","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>The <span class=\"dictionary\">statute of limitations<\/span> for the criminal <span class=\"dictionary\">prosecution<\/span> of a <span class=\"dictionary\">legislator<\/span> for violation of any provision of this chapter shall be one year from the time the <span class=\"dictionary\">Attorney General<\/span> has actual knowledge of the violation or five years from the date of the violation, whichever event first occurs.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nLIMITATION OF ACTIONS (\u00a7 30-128)\n\nThe statute of limitations for the criminal prosecution of a legislator for\nviolation of any provision of this chapter shall be one year from the time the\nAttorney General has actual knowledge of the violation or five years from the\ndate of the violation, whichever event first occurs.\n\nHISTORY: 1987, Sp. Sess., c. 1, \u00a7 2.1-639.58; 2001, c. 844.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}