{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/3.2-4753.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/3.2-4753.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/3.2-4753.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/3.2-4753.html"}],"law_id":357858,"edition_id":2,"section_id":357858,"structure_id":51189,"section_number":"3.2-4753","catch_line":"Definitions","history":"1972, c. 296, \u00a7 3.1-722.16; 1982, c. 187; 2008, c. 860.","full_text":"As used in this article, unless the context requires a different meaning:\n\n“Cash buyer” means any person who pays the producer, or his representative, at the time of obtaining title, possession or control of grain, the agreed price of such grain in coin or currency, certified checks, cashier’s checks, or drafts issued by a bank.\n\n“Contract” means a binding agreement between the grain dealer and the producer that describes the terms and conditions of the delivery of grain and the purchase price.\n\n“Deferred payment” means that the purchase price for grain delivered by the producer is fixed and specified in the contract, but payment is not received by the producer until a mutually agreed upon subsequent date.\n\n“Full market value” means the value recognized as the average weekly price per bushel for the Commonwealth as quoted by the Department.\n\n“Grain” means grains including corn (maize), wheat, rye, oats, barley, flaxseed, soybeans, and sunflower.\n\n“Grain bank” means grain owned by a producer and held temporarily by the dealer for use in the formulation of feed and returned to the producer on demand as feed or whole grain.\n\n“Grain dealer” means any person who buys, solicits for sale or resale, processes for sale or resale, contracts for storage or exchange, or transfers grain of a Virginia producer. The term shall exclude farmers or groups of farmers buying grain for consumption on their farms.\n\n“Grain exchange” means grain owned by a producer and held temporarily by the dealer for use in the formulation of processed flour to be returned to the producer on demand as flour or whole grain.\n\n“Loss” means any monetary loss to a producer as a result of doing business with a dealer that shall include bankruptcy, embezzlement, theft or fraud.\n\n“Price later” means that the actual purchase price is not fixed at the time of delivery, but allows the producer to choose a bid price on any business day during a stated time period as agreed between the parties.\n\n“Producer” means any person in Virginia who produces grain.\n\n“Storage” or “holding” means any method by which grain owned by another is held for the owner by a person who is not the direct owner, except for transportation thereof.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1331675,"text":"As used in this article, unless the context requires a different meaning:","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"next_prefix":""},"1":{"id":1331676,"text":"“Cash buyer” means any person who pays the producer, or his representative, at the time of obtaining title, possession or control of grain, the agreed price of such grain in coin or currency, certified checks, cashier’s checks, or drafts issued by a bank.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":""},"2":{"id":1331677,"text":"“Contract” means a binding agreement between the grain dealer and the producer that describes the terms and conditions of the delivery of grain and the purchase price.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":""},"3":{"id":1331678,"text":"“Deferred payment” means that the purchase price for grain delivered by the producer is fixed and specified in the contract, but payment is not received by the producer until a mutually agreed upon subsequent date.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":""},"4":{"id":1331679,"text":"“Full market value” means the value recognized as the average weekly price per bushel for the Commonwealth as quoted by the Department.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":""},"5":{"id":1331680,"text":"“Grain” means grains including corn (maize), wheat, rye, oats, barley, flaxseed, soybeans, and sunflower.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":""},"6":{"id":1331681,"text":"“Grain bank” means grain owned by a producer and held temporarily by the dealer for use in the formulation of feed and returned to the producer on demand as feed or whole grain.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":""},"7":{"id":1331682,"text":"“Grain dealer” means any person who buys, solicits for sale or resale, processes for sale or resale, contracts for storage or exchange, or transfers grain of a Virginia producer. The term shall exclude farmers or groups of farmers buying grain for consumption on their farms.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":""},"8":{"id":1331683,"text":"“Grain exchange” means grain owned by a producer and held temporarily by the dealer for use in the formulation of processed flour to be returned to the producer on demand as flour or whole grain.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":""},"9":{"id":1331684,"text":"“Loss” means any monetary loss to a producer as a result of doing business with a dealer that shall include bankruptcy, embezzlement, theft or fraud.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":""},"10":{"id":1331685,"text":"“Price later” means that the actual purchase price is not fixed at the time of delivery, but allows the producer to choose a bid price on any business day during a stated time period as agreed between the parties.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":""},"11":{"id":1331686,"text":"“Producer” means any person in Virginia who produces grain.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":""},"12":{"id":1331687,"text":"“Storage” or “holding” means any method by which grain owned by another is held for the owner by a person who is not the direct owner, except for transportation thereof.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"prior_prefix":""}},"ancestry":[{"id":51189,"edition_id":2,"name":"Dealers in Grain Products","identifier":"4","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":3,"parent_id":51185,"metadata":{"child_laws":11,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:38:47","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:27:39","permalink":{"id":1423871,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51189,"identifier":"4","token":"3.2\/III\/47\/4","url":"\/3.2\/III\/47\/4\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":51185,"edition_id":2,"name":"Sale of Farm Produce","identifier":"47","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":15,"parent_id":51149,"metadata":{"child_laws":76,"child_structures":5},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:38:41","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:27:39","permalink":{"id":1423651,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51185,"identifier":"47","token":"3.2\/III\/47","url":"\/3.2\/III\/47\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":51149,"edition_id":2,"name":"Production and Sale of Agricultural Products","identifier":"III","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":4,"parent_id":51103,"metadata":{"child_laws":398,"child_structures":44},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:38:09","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:27:34","permalink":{"id":1422445,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51149,"identifier":"III","token":"3.2\/III","url":"\/3.2\/III\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":51103,"edition_id":2,"name":"Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food","identifier":"3.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":5,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":1194,"child_structures":151},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:37:33","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:27:27","permalink":{"id":1420941,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51103,"identifier":"3.2","token":"3.2","url":"\/3.2\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":357858,"structure_id":51189,"section_number":"3.2-4753","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/3.2-4753\/","token":"3.2\/III\/47\/4\/3.2-4753","metadata":false},{"id":357859,"structure_id":51189,"section_number":"3.2-4754","catch_line":"License required; application for license or renewal","url":"\/3.2-4754\/","token":"3.2\/III\/47\/4\/3.2-4754","metadata":false},{"id":357860,"structure_id":51189,"section_number":"3.2-4755","catch_line":"License and renewal fee; bond or irrevocable letter of credit required; exemption","url":"\/3.2-4755\/","token":"3.2\/III\/47\/4\/3.2-4755","metadata":false},{"id":357861,"structure_id":51189,"section_number":"3.2-4756","catch_line":"Execution, terms and form of bond or irrevocable letter of credit; action on bond or irrevocable letter of credit; investigation of complaints","url":"\/3.2-4756\/","token":"3.2\/III\/47\/4\/3.2-4756","metadata":false},{"id":357862,"structure_id":51189,"section_number":"3.2-4757","catch_line":"Duties and powers of Commissioner with respect to bonds","url":"\/3.2-4757\/","token":"3.2\/III\/47\/4\/3.2-4757","metadata":false},{"id":357863,"structure_id":51189,"section_number":"3.2-4758","catch_line":"Grain Dealers Licensing and Bonding Fund established; disposition of fees and penalties","url":"\/3.2-4758\/","token":"3.2\/III\/47\/4\/3.2-4758","metadata":false},{"id":357864,"structure_id":51189,"section_number":"3.2-4759","catch_line":"Records to be kept by dealers","url":"\/3.2-4759\/","token":"3.2\/III\/47\/4\/3.2-4759","metadata":false},{"id":357865,"structure_id":51189,"section_number":"3.2-4760","catch_line":"Grounds for refusal or revocation of license","url":"\/3.2-4760\/","token":"3.2\/III\/47\/4\/3.2-4760","metadata":false},{"id":357866,"structure_id":51189,"section_number":"3.2-4761","catch_line":"Procedure for refusal or revocation of license; notice of hearing","url":"\/3.2-4761\/","token":"3.2\/III\/47\/4\/3.2-4761","metadata":false},{"id":357867,"structure_id":51189,"section_number":"3.2-4762","catch_line":"Commissioner's authority to investigate","url":"\/3.2-4762\/","token":"3.2\/III\/47\/4\/3.2-4762","metadata":false},{"id":357868,"structure_id":51189,"section_number":"3.2-4763","catch_line":"Violation a misdemeanor; illegal acts relating to issuance of receipts or removal of grain under storage, exchange or grain bank a felony","url":"\/3.2-4763\/","token":"3.2\/III\/47\/4\/3.2-4763","metadata":false}],"next_section":{"id":357859,"structure_id":51189,"section_number":"3.2-4754","catch_line":"License required; application for license or renewal","url":"\/3.2-4754\/","token":"3.2\/III\/47\/4\/3.2-4754","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/3.2-4753\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1972. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 296 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1972 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1982, chapter 187; in 2008, chapter 860<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1423873,"object_type":"law","relational_id":357858,"identifier":"3.2-4753","token":"3.2\/III\/47\/4\/3.2-4753","url":"\/3.2-4753\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/3.2-4753\/","token":"3.2\/III\/47\/4\/3.2-4753","dublin_core":{"Title":"Definitions","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 3.2-4753","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

As used in this article, unless the context requires a different meaning:<\/p>

“Cash buyer<\/span>” means any person who pays the producer<\/span>, or his representative, at the time of obtaining title, possession<\/span> or control of grain<\/span>, the agreed price of such grain<\/span> in coin or currency, certified checks, cashier’s checks, or drafts issued by a bank.<\/p>

“Contract<\/span>” means a binding agreement between the grain dealer<\/span> and the producer<\/span> that describes the terms and conditions of the delivery of grain and the purchase price.<\/p>

“Deferred payment<\/span>” means that the purchase price for grain delivered by the producer<\/span> is fixed and specified in the contract<\/span>, but payment is not received by the producer<\/span> until a mutually agreed upon subsequent date.<\/p>

“Full market value<\/span>” means the value recognized as the average weekly price per bushel for the Commonwealth as quoted by the Department<\/span>.<\/p>

“Grain” means grains<\/span> including corn (maize), wheat, rye, oats, barley, flaxseed, soybeans, and sunflower.<\/p>

“Grain bank<\/span>” means grain owned by a producer<\/span> and held temporarily by the dealer for use in the formulation of feed and returned to the producer<\/span> on demand as feed or whole grain.<\/p>

“Grain dealer<\/span>” means any person who buys, solicits for sale or resale, processes for sale or resale, contracts<\/span> for storage<\/span> or exchange, or transfers grain of a Virginia producer<\/span>. The term shall exclude farmers or groups of farmers buying grain for consumption on their farms.<\/p>

“Grain exchange<\/span>” means grain owned by a producer<\/span> and held temporarily by the dealer for use in the formulation of processed flour to be returned to the producer<\/span> on demand as flour or whole grain.<\/p>

“Loss<\/span>” means any monetary loss<\/span> to a producer<\/span> as a result of doing business with a dealer that shall include bankruptcy<\/span>, embezzlement<\/span>, theft or fraud<\/span>.<\/p>

“Price later<\/span>” means that the actual purchase price is not fixed at the time of delivery, but allows the producer<\/span> to choose a bid price on any business day during a stated time period as agreed between the parties.<\/p>

“Producer<\/span>” means any person in Virginia who produces grain.<\/p>

“Storage<\/span>” or “holding<\/span>” means any method by which grain owned by another is held for the owner by a person who is not the direct owner, except for transportation thereof.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nDEFINITIONS (\u00a7 3.2-4753)\n\nAs used in this article, unless the context requires a different meaning:\n\n“Cash buyer” means any person who pays the producer, or his\nrepresentative, at the time of obtaining title, possession or control of grain,\nthe agreed price of such grain in coin or currency, certified checks,\ncashier’s checks, or drafts issued by a bank.\n\n“Contract” means a binding agreement between the grain dealer and\nthe producer that describes the terms and conditions of the delivery of grain\nand the purchase price.\n\n“Deferred payment” means that the purchase price for grain delivered\nby the producer is fixed and specified in the contract, but payment is not\nreceived by the producer until a mutually agreed upon subsequent date.\n\n“Full market value” means the value recognized as the average weekly\nprice per bushel for the Commonwealth as quoted by the Department.\n\n“Grain” means grains including corn (maize), wheat, rye, oats,\nbarley, flaxseed, soybeans, and sunflower.\n\n“Grain bank” means grain owned by a producer and held temporarily by\nthe dealer for use in the formulation of feed and returned to the producer on\ndemand as feed or whole grain.\n\n“Grain dealer” means any person who buys, solicits for sale or\nresale, processes for sale or resale, contracts for storage or exchange, or\ntransfers grain of a Virginia producer. The term shall exclude farmers or groups\nof farmers buying grain for consumption on their farms.\n\n“Grain exchange” means grain owned by a producer and held\ntemporarily by the dealer for use in the formulation of processed flour to be\nreturned to the producer on demand as flour or whole grain.\n\n“Loss” means any monetary loss to a producer as a result of doing\nbusiness with a dealer that shall include bankruptcy, embezzlement, theft or\nfraud.\n\n“Price later” means that the actual purchase price is not fixed at\nthe time of delivery, but allows the producer to choose a bid price on any\nbusiness day during a stated time period as agreed between the parties.\n\n“Producer” means any person in Virginia who produces grain.\n\n“Storage” or “holding” means any method by which grain\nowned by another is held for the owner by a person who is not the direct owner,\nexcept for transportation thereof.\n\nHISTORY: 1972, c. 296, \u00a7 3.1-722.16; 1982, c. 187; 2008, c. 860.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}