{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/3.2-3200.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/3.2-3200.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/3.2-3200.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/3.2-3200.html"}],"law_id":357510,"edition_id":2,"section_id":357510,"structure_id":51150,"section_number":"3.2-3200","catch_line":"Definitions","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 3-346; 1966, c. 702, \u00a7 3.1-425; 2008, c. 860.","full_text":"As used in this chapter, unless the context requires a different meaning:\n\n\t\t“Affiliate” means any person or subsidiary thereof, who has, either directly or indirectly, actual or legal control over a distributor, whether by stock ownership or in any other manner.\n\n\t\t“Books and records” mean books, records, accounts, contracts, memoranda, documents, papers, correspondence, or other data, pertaining to the business of the person in question.\n\n\t\t“Commission” means the Milk Commission.\n\n\t\t“Consumer” means any person, other than a milk distributor, who purchases milk for human consumption.\n\n\t\t“Distributor” means any of the following persons engaged in the business of distributing, marketing, or in any manner handling fluid milk, in whole or in part, in fluid form for consumption in the Commonwealth:\n\n1\n\nPersons, regardless of whether any such person is a producer:\n\t\t\ta. Who pasteurize or bottle milk or process milk into fluid milk;\n\n\t\t\tb. Who sell or market fluid milk at wholesale or retail to: (i) hotels, restaurants, stores, or other establishments for consumption on the premises; (ii) stores or other establishments for resale; or (iii) consumers; or\n\n\t\t\tc. Who operate stores or other establishments for the sale of fluid milk at retail for consumption off the premises.\n\n2\n\nPersons, wherever located or operating, whether within or without the Commonwealth, who purchase, market, or handle milk for resale as fluid milk in the Commonwealth.\n\t\t\t“Health authorities” include the Board of Health, the Office of Dairy and Foods in the Department, and the local health authorities.\n\n\t\t\t“Licensee” means a licensed milk distributor.\n\n\t\t\t“Market” means any locality, or two or more localities, and surrounding territory designated by the Commission as a marketing area.\n\n\t\t\t“Milk” means the clean lacteal secretion obtained by the complete milking of one or more healthy cows properly fed, housed, and kept; including milk that is cooled, pasteurized, standardized, or otherwise processed with a view to selling.\n\n\t\t\t“Producer” means any person, regardless of whether they are also a distributor, who produces milk for sale as fluid milk in the Commonwealth.\n\n\t\t\t“Producer-distributor” means a distributor who handles only milk produced by himself.\n\n\t\t\t“Sanitary regulations” include all laws and ordinances relating to the production, handling, transportation, distribution, and sale of milk and, so far as applicable, regulations adopted by the Board or the health authorities.\n\n\t\t\t“Subsidiary” means any person that a distributor or an affiliate of a distributor has, or several distributors collectively have, either directly or indirectly, actual or legal control, whether by stock ownership or in any other manner.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1330268,"text":"As used in this chapter, unless the context requires a different meaning:\t\t“Affiliate” means any person or subsidiary thereof, who has, either directly or indirectly, actual or legal control over a distributor, whether by stock ownership or in any other manner.\t\t“Books and records” mean books, records, accounts, contracts, memoranda, documents, papers, correspondence, or other data, pertaining to the business of the person in question.\t\t“Commission” means the Milk Commission.\t\t“Consumer” means any person, other than a milk distributor, who purchases milk for human consumption.\t\t“Distributor” means any of the following persons engaged in the business of distributing, marketing, or in any manner handling fluid milk, in whole or in part, in fluid form for consumption in the Commonwealth:","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"next_prefix":"1"},"1":{"id":1330269,"text":"Persons, regardless of whether any such person is a producer:\n\t\t\ta. Who pasteurize or bottle milk or process milk into fluid milk;\t\t\tb. Who sell or market fluid milk at wholesale or retail to: (i) hotels, restaurants, stores, or other establishments for consumption on the premises; (ii) stores or other establishments for resale; or (iii) consumers; or\t\t\tc. Who operate stores or other establishments for the sale of fluid milk at retail for consumption off the premises.","type":"section","prefixes":["1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"1","prefix_anchor":"1","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":"2"},"2":{"id":1330270,"text":"Persons, wherever located or operating, whether within or without the Commonwealth, who purchase, market, or handle milk for resale as fluid milk in the Commonwealth.\n\t\t\t“Health authorities” include the Board of Health, the Office of Dairy and Foods in the Department, and the local health authorities.\t\t\t“Licensee” means a licensed milk distributor.\t\t\t“Market” means any locality, or two or more localities, and surrounding territory designated by the Commission as a marketing area.\t\t\t“Milk” means the clean lacteal secretion obtained by the complete milking of one or more healthy cows properly fed, housed, and kept; including milk that is cooled, pasteurized, standardized, or otherwise processed with a view to selling.\t\t\t“Producer” means any person, regardless of whether they are also a distributor, who produces milk for sale as fluid milk in the Commonwealth.\t\t\t“Producer-distributor” means a distributor who handles only milk produced by himself.\t\t\t“Sanitary regulations” include all laws and ordinances relating to the production, handling, transportation, distribution, and sale of milk and, so far as applicable, regulations adopted by the Board or the health authorities.\t\t\t“Subsidiary” means any person that a distributor or an affiliate of a distributor has, or several distributors collectively have, either directly or indirectly, actual or legal control, whether by stock ownership or in any other manner.","type":"section","prefixes":["2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"2","prefix_anchor":"2","level":1,"prior_prefix":"1"}},"ancestry":[{"id":51150,"edition_id":2,"name":"Milk Commission","identifier":"32","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":51149,"metadata":{"child_laws":25,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:38:09","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:27:34","permalink":{"id":1422447,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51150,"identifier":"32","token":"3.2\/III\/32","url":"\/3.2\/III\/32\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":51149,"edition_id":2,"name":"Production and Sale of Agricultural Products","identifier":"III","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":4,"parent_id":51103,"metadata":{"child_laws":398,"child_structures":44},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:38:09","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:27:34","permalink":{"id":1422445,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51149,"identifier":"III","token":"3.2\/III","url":"\/3.2\/III\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":51103,"edition_id":2,"name":"Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food","identifier":"3.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":5,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":1194,"child_structures":151},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:37:33","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:27:27","permalink":{"id":1420941,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51103,"identifier":"3.2","token":"3.2","url":"\/3.2\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":357510,"structure_id":51150,"section_number":"3.2-3200","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/3.2-3200\/","token":"3.2\/III\/32\/3.2-3200","metadata":false},{"id":357511,"structure_id":51150,"section_number":"3.2-3201","catch_line":"Milk Commission; composition and appointment of members","url":"\/3.2-3201\/","token":"3.2\/III\/32\/3.2-3201","metadata":false},{"id":357512,"structure_id":51150,"section_number":"3.2-3202","catch_line":"Milk Commission membership terms","url":"\/3.2-3202\/","token":"3.2\/III\/32\/3.2-3202","metadata":false},{"id":357513,"structure_id":51150,"section_number":"3.2-3203","catch_line":"Meetings; quorum","url":"\/3.2-3203\/","token":"3.2\/III\/32\/3.2-3203","metadata":false},{"id":357514,"structure_id":51150,"section_number":"3.2-3204","catch_line":"General powers of the Milk Commission","url":"\/3.2-3204\/","token":"3.2\/III\/32\/3.2-3204","metadata":false},{"id":357515,"structure_id":51150,"section_number":"3.2-3205","catch_line":"Grant of specific power not to impair general power","url":"\/3.2-3205\/","token":"3.2\/III\/32\/3.2-3205","metadata":false},{"id":357516,"structure_id":51150,"section_number":"3.2-3206","catch_line":"Public hearing required","url":"\/3.2-3206\/","token":"3.2\/III\/32\/3.2-3206","metadata":false},{"id":357517,"structure_id":51150,"section_number":"3.2-3207","catch_line":"Defining market areas","url":"\/3.2-3207\/","token":"3.2\/III\/32\/3.2-3207","metadata":false},{"id":357518,"structure_id":51150,"section_number":"3.2-3208","catch_line":"Establishing prices generally","url":"\/3.2-3208\/","token":"3.2\/III\/32\/3.2-3208","metadata":false},{"id":357519,"structure_id":51150,"section_number":"3.2-3209","catch_line":"Establishing minimum retail price; exemption","url":"\/3.2-3209\/","token":"3.2\/III\/32\/3.2-3209","metadata":false},{"id":357520,"structure_id":51150,"section_number":"3.2-3210","catch_line":"Accounting system for distributors; inspection and audit of books and records; offenses; penalty","url":"\/3.2-3210\/","token":"3.2\/III\/32\/3.2-3210","metadata":false},{"id":357521,"structure_id":51150,"section_number":"3.2-3211","catch_line":"Right of entry and inspection; publication of information","url":"\/3.2-3211\/","token":"3.2\/III\/32\/3.2-3211","metadata":false},{"id":357522,"structure_id":51150,"section_number":"3.2-3212","catch_line":"Licenses generally","url":"\/3.2-3212\/","token":"3.2\/III\/32\/3.2-3212","metadata":false},{"id":357523,"structure_id":51150,"section_number":"3.2-3213","catch_line":"Report of licensees","url":"\/3.2-3213\/","token":"3.2\/III\/32\/3.2-3213","metadata":false},{"id":357524,"structure_id":51150,"section_number":"3.2-3214","catch_line":"Unlawful buying and selling","url":"\/3.2-3214\/","token":"3.2\/III\/32\/3.2-3214","metadata":false},{"id":357525,"structure_id":51150,"section_number":"3.2-3215","catch_line":"Application for license","url":"\/3.2-3215\/","token":"3.2\/III\/32\/3.2-3215","metadata":false},{"id":357526,"structure_id":51150,"section_number":"3.2-3216","catch_line":"Licenses to be in addition to those required by existing laws","url":"\/3.2-3216\/","token":"3.2\/III\/32\/3.2-3216","metadata":false},{"id":357527,"structure_id":51150,"section_number":"3.2-3217","catch_line":"Appeals generally","url":"\/3.2-3217\/","token":"3.2\/III\/32\/3.2-3217","metadata":false},{"id":357528,"structure_id":51150,"section_number":"3.2-3218","catch_line":"Penalties for failure to comply with subpoenas; compelling obedience","url":"\/3.2-3218\/","token":"3.2\/III\/32\/3.2-3218","metadata":false},{"id":357529,"structure_id":51150,"section_number":"3.2-3219","catch_line":"Annual budget; assessment of distributors and producers; bond requirements","url":"\/3.2-3219\/","token":"3.2\/III\/32\/3.2-3219","metadata":false},{"id":357530,"structure_id":51150,"section_number":"3.2-3220","catch_line":"Virginia Milk Commission Assessments Fund established","url":"\/3.2-3220\/","token":"3.2\/III\/32\/3.2-3220","metadata":false},{"id":357531,"structure_id":51150,"section_number":"3.2-3221","catch_line":"Injunction","url":"\/3.2-3221\/","token":"3.2\/III\/32\/3.2-3221","metadata":false},{"id":357532,"structure_id":51150,"section_number":"3.2-3222","catch_line":"Penalties","url":"\/3.2-3222\/","token":"3.2\/III\/32\/3.2-3222","metadata":false},{"id":357533,"structure_id":51150,"section_number":"3.2-3223","catch_line":"Marketing agreements not deemed monopolistic or in restraint of trade","url":"\/3.2-3223\/","token":"3.2\/III\/32\/3.2-3223","metadata":false},{"id":357534,"structure_id":51150,"section_number":"3.2-3224","catch_line":"Chapter inapplicable to interstate commerce","url":"\/3.2-3224\/","token":"3.2\/III\/32\/3.2-3224","metadata":false}],"next_section":{"id":357511,"structure_id":51150,"section_number":"3.2-3201","catch_line":"Milk Commission; composition and appointment of members","url":"\/3.2-3201\/","token":"3.2\/III\/32\/3.2-3201","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/3.2-3200\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1966, chapter 702; in 2008, chapter 860<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1422449,"object_type":"law","relational_id":357510,"identifier":"3.2-3200","token":"3.2\/III\/32\/3.2-3200","url":"\/3.2-3200\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/3.2-3200\/","token":"3.2\/III\/32\/3.2-3200","dublin_core":{"Title":"Definitions","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 3.2-3200","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

As used in this chapter, unless the context requires a different meaning:

\t\t“Affiliate<\/span>” means any person or subsidiary<\/span> thereof, who has, either directly or indirectly, actual or legal control over a distributor<\/span>, whether by stock ownership or in any other manner.

\t\t“Books and records<\/span>” mean books, records, accounts, contracts<\/span>, memoranda, documents, papers, correspondence, or other data, pertaining to the business of the person in question.

\t\t“Commission<\/span>” means the Milk<\/span> Commission<\/span>.

\t\t“Consumer<\/span>” means any person, other than a milk<\/span> distributor<\/span>, who purchases milk<\/span> for human consumption.

\t\t“Distributor<\/span>” means any of the following persons engaged in the business of distributing, marketing, or in any manner handling fluid milk<\/span>, in whole or in part, in fluid form for consumption in the Commonwealth:<\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Persons, regardless of whether any such person is a producer<\/span>:\n\t\t\ta. Who pasteurize or bottle milk<\/span> or process milk<\/span> into fluid milk<\/span>;

\t\t\tb. Who sell or market<\/span> fluid milk<\/span> at wholesale or retail to: (i) hotels, restaurants, stores, or other establishments for consumption on the premises; (ii) stores or other establishments for resale; or (iii) consumers<\/span>; or

\t\t\tc. Who operate stores or other establishments for the sale of fluid milk<\/span> at retail for consumption off the premises. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Persons, wherever located or operating, whether within or without the Commonwealth, who purchase, market<\/span>, or handle milk<\/span> for resale as fluid milk<\/span> in the Commonwealth.\n\t\t\t“Health authorities” include the Board<\/span> of Health, the Office of Dairy and Foods in the Department<\/span>, and the local health authorities.

\t\t\t“Licensee<\/span>” means a licensed milk<\/span> distributor<\/span>.

\t\t\t“Market<\/span>” means any locality, or two or more localities, and surrounding territory designated by the Commission<\/span> as a marketing area.

\t\t\t“Milk<\/span>” means the clean lacteal secretion obtained by the complete milking of one or more healthy cows properly fed, housed, and kept; including milk<\/span> that is cooled, pasteurized, standardized, or otherwise processed with a view to selling.

\t\t\t“Producer<\/span>” means any person, regardless of whether they are also a distributor<\/span>, who produces milk<\/span> for sale as fluid milk<\/span> in the Commonwealth.

\t\t\t“Producer<\/span>-distributor<\/span><\/span>” means a distributor<\/span> who handles only milk<\/span> produced by himself.

\t\t\t“Sanitary regulations” include all laws<\/span> and ordinances<\/span> relating to the production, handling, transportation, distribution, and sale of milk<\/span> and, so far as applicable, regulations adopted by the Board<\/span> or the health authorities.

\t\t\t“Subsidiary<\/span>” means any person that a distributor<\/span> or an affiliate<\/span> of a distributor<\/span> has, or several distributors<\/span> collectively have, either directly or indirectly, actual or legal control, whether by stock ownership or in any other manner. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nDEFINITIONS (\u00a7 3.2-3200)\n\nAs used in this chapter, unless the context requires a different\nmeaning:\t\t“Affiliate” means any person or subsidiary thereof, who\nhas, either directly or indirectly, actual or legal control over a distributor,\nwhether by stock ownership or in any other manner.\t\t“Books and\nrecords” mean books, records, accounts, contracts, memoranda, documents,\npapers, correspondence, or other data, pertaining to the business of the person\nin question.\t\t“Commission” means the Milk\nCommission.\t\t“Consumer” means any person, other than a milk\ndistributor, who purchases milk for human\nconsumption.\t\t“Distributor” means any of the following persons\nengaged in the business of distributing, marketing, or in any manner handling\nfluid milk, in whole or in part, in fluid form for consumption in the\nCommonwealth:\n\n1. Persons, regardless of whether any such person is a producer:\n\t\t\ta. Who pasteurize or bottle milk or process milk into fluid milk;\t\t\tb. Who\nsell or market fluid milk at wholesale or retail to: (i) hotels, restaurants,\nstores, or other establishments for consumption on the premises; (ii) stores or\nother establishments for resale; or (iii) consumers; or\t\t\tc. Who operate stores\nor other establishments for the sale of fluid milk at retail for consumption off\nthe premises.\n\n2. Persons, wherever located or operating, whether within or without the\nCommonwealth, who purchase, market, or handle milk for resale as fluid milk in\nthe Commonwealth.\n\t\t\t“Health authorities” include the Board of Health, the Office of\nDairy and Foods in the Department, and the local health\nauthorities.\t\t\t“Licensee” means a licensed milk\ndistributor.\t\t\t“Market” means any locality, or two or more\nlocalities, and surrounding territory designated by the Commission as a\nmarketing area.\t\t\t“Milk” means the clean lacteal secretion obtained\nby the complete milking of one or more healthy cows properly fed, housed, and\nkept; including milk that is cooled, pasteurized, standardized, or otherwise\nprocessed with a view to selling.\t\t\t“Producer” means any person,\nregardless of whether they are also a distributor, who produces milk for sale as\nfluid milk in the Commonwealth.\t\t\t“Producer-distributor” means a\ndistributor who handles only milk produced by himself.\t\t\t“Sanitary\nregulations” include all laws and ordinances relating to the production,\nhandling, transportation, distribution, and sale of milk and, so far as\napplicable, regulations adopted by the Board or the health\nauthorities.\t\t\t“Subsidiary” means any person that a distributor or\nan affiliate of a distributor has, or several distributors collectively have,\neither directly or indirectly, actual or legal control, whether by stock\nownership or in any other manner.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7 3-346; 1966, c. 702, \u00a7 3.1-425; 2008, c. 860.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}