{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/23.1-1011.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/23.1-1011.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/23.1-1011.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/23.1-1011.html"}],"law_id":355045,"edition_id":2,"section_id":355045,"structure_id":50791,"section_number":"23.1-1011","catch_line":"Covered institutions; operational authority; campus police","history":"2005, cc. 933, 945, \u00a7 23-38.102; 2016, c. 588.","full_text":"A\n\nA covered institution may establish or continue to operate a campus police department in accordance with the provisions of Article 3 (&#xA7; 23.1-809 et seq.) of Chapter 8. Campus police shall possess the powers provided in Article 3 of Chapter 8, except that a covered institution&#8217;s employment of campus police is governed by the provisions of this article rather than by Chapter 28 (&#xA7; 2.2-2800 et seq.) and Chapter 29 (&#xA7; 2.2-2900 et seq.) of Title 2.2.\n\nB\n\nCampus police officers of a covered institution are eligible to participate in the same state-sponsored retirement plans on the same terms and conditions as campus police officers of other public institutions of higher education.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1322074,"text":"A covered institution may establish or continue to operate a campus police department in accordance with the provisions of Article 3 (&#xA7; 23.1-809 et seq.) of Chapter 8. Campus police shall possess the powers provided in Article 3 of Chapter 8, except that a covered institution&#8217;s employment of campus police is governed by the provisions of this article rather than by Chapter 28 (&#xA7; 2.2-2800 et seq.) and Chapter 29 (&#xA7; 2.2-2900 et seq.) of Title 2.2.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":1322075,"text":"Campus police officers of a covered institution are eligible to participate in the same state-sponsored retirement plans on the same terms and conditions as campus police officers of other public institutions of higher education.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A"}},"ancestry":[{"id":50791,"edition_id":2,"name":"Restructured Financial and Administrative Authority; Covered Institutions; Management Agreements","identifier":"4","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":3,"parent_id":50787,"metadata":{"child_laws":25,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:33:18","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:31:18","permalink":{"id":1412541,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":50791,"identifier":"4","token":"23.1\/III\/10\/4","url":"\/23.1\/III\/10\/4\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":50787,"edition_id":2,"name":"Restructured Higher Education Financial and Administrative Operations Act","identifier":"10","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":50786,"metadata":{"child_laws":29,"child_structures":4},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:33:18","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:31:18","permalink":{"id":1412517,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":50787,"identifier":"10","token":"23.1\/III\/10","url":"\/23.1\/III\/10\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":50786,"edition_id":2,"name":"Management and Financing","identifier":"III","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":3,"parent_id":50782,"metadata":{"child_laws":97,"child_structures":11},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:33:18","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:31:17","permalink":{"id":1412515,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":50786,"identifier":"III","token":"23.1\/III","url":"\/23.1\/III\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":50782,"edition_id":2,"name":"Institutions of Higher Education; Other Educational and Cultural Institutions","identifier":"23.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":62,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":594,"child_structures":95},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:33:18","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:31:13","permalink":{"id":1411583,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":50782,"identifier":"23.1","token":"23.1","url":"\/23.1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":355037,"structure_id":50791,"section_number":"23.1-1004","catch_line":"Management agreement; eligibility and application","url":"\/23.1-1004\/","token":"23.1\/III\/10\/4\/23.1-1004","metadata":false},{"id":355038,"structure_id":50791,"section_number":"23.1-1005","catch_line":"Approval of a management agreement","url":"\/23.1-1005\/","token":"23.1\/III\/10\/4\/23.1-1005","metadata":false},{"id":355039,"structure_id":50791,"section_number":"23.1-1006","catch_line":"Management agreement; contents and scope","url":"\/23.1-1006\/","token":"23.1\/III\/10\/4\/23.1-1006","metadata":false},{"id":355040,"structure_id":50791,"section_number":"23.1-1007","catch_line":"Management agreement; duration and oversight","url":"\/23.1-1007\/","token":"23.1\/III\/10\/4\/23.1-1007","metadata":false},{"id":355041,"structure_id":50791,"section_number":"23.1-1008","catch_line":"Covered institutions; operational authority generally","url":"\/23.1-1008\/","token":"23.1\/III\/10\/4\/23.1-1008","metadata":false},{"id":355042,"structure_id":50791,"section_number":"23.1-1009","catch_line":"Covered institutions; operational authority; projects","url":"\/23.1-1009\/","token":"23.1\/III\/10\/4\/23.1-1009","metadata":false},{"id":355044,"structure_id":50791,"section_number":"23.1-1010","catch_line":"Covered institutions; operational authority; creation of entities and participation in joint ventures","url":"\/23.1-1010\/","token":"23.1\/III\/10\/4\/23.1-1010","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"Transparent GMU v. George Mason University","case_number":"181375","citation":null,"date":"2019-12-12","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/4686267\/transparent-gmu-v-george-mason-university\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. PRESENT: All the Justices .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"}}}},{"id":355045,"structure_id":50791,"section_number":"23.1-1011","catch_line":"Covered institutions; operational authority; campus police","url":"\/23.1-1011\/","token":"23.1\/III\/10\/4\/23.1-1011","metadata":false},{"id":355046,"structure_id":50791,"section_number":"23.1-1012","catch_line":"Covered institutions; operational authority; financial operations generally","url":"\/23.1-1012\/","token":"23.1\/III\/10\/4\/23.1-1012","metadata":false},{"id":355047,"structure_id":50791,"section_number":"23.1-1013","catch_line":"Covered institutions; operational authority; financial operations; investment of operating funds","url":"\/23.1-1013\/","token":"23.1\/III\/10\/4\/23.1-1013","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":355048,"structure_id":50791,"section_number":"23.1-1014","catch_line":"Covered institutions; operational authority; financial operations; financing and indebtedness","url":"\/23.1-1014\/","token":"23.1\/III\/10\/4\/23.1-1014","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":355049,"structure_id":50791,"section_number":"23.1-1015","catch_line":"Covered institutions; operational authority; financial operations; power to issue bonds, notes, or other obligations","url":"\/23.1-1015\/","token":"23.1\/III\/10\/4\/23.1-1015","metadata":false},{"id":355050,"structure_id":50791,"section_number":"23.1-1016","catch_line":"Covered institutions; operational authority; financial operations; capital projects","url":"\/23.1-1016\/","token":"23.1\/III\/10\/4\/23.1-1016","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":355051,"structure_id":50791,"section_number":"23.1-1017","catch_line":"Covered institutions; operational authority; procurement","url":"\/23.1-1017\/","token":"23.1\/III\/10\/4\/23.1-1017","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":355052,"structure_id":50791,"section_number":"23.1-1018","catch_line":"Covered institutions; operational authority; information technology","url":"\/23.1-1018\/","token":"23.1\/III\/10\/4\/23.1-1018","metadata":false},{"id":355053,"structure_id":50791,"section_number":"23.1-1019","catch_line":"Covered institutions; operational authority; property, grants, and loans","url":"\/23.1-1019\/","token":"23.1\/III\/10\/4\/23.1-1019","metadata":false},{"id":355056,"structure_id":50791,"section_number":"23.1-1020","catch_line":"Covered institutions; operational authority; human resources; covered employees generally","url":"\/23.1-1020\/","token":"23.1\/III\/10\/4\/23.1-1020","metadata":false},{"id":355057,"structure_id":50791,"section_number":"23.1-1021","catch_line":"Covered institutions; operational authority; human resources; establishment of a human resources program","url":"\/23.1-1021\/","token":"23.1\/III\/10\/4\/23.1-1021","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":355058,"structure_id":50791,"section_number":"23.1-1022","catch_line":"Covered institutions; operational authority; human resources; election by certain covered employees","url":"\/23.1-1022\/","token":"23.1\/III\/10\/4\/23.1-1022","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":355059,"structure_id":50791,"section_number":"23.1-1023","catch_line":"Covered institutions; operational authority; human resources; grievance procedures","url":"\/23.1-1023\/","token":"23.1\/III\/10\/4\/23.1-1023","metadata":false},{"id":355060,"structure_id":50791,"section_number":"23.1-1024","catch_line":"Covered institutions; operational authority; human resources; miscellaneous personnel matters","url":"\/23.1-1024\/","token":"23.1\/III\/10\/4\/23.1-1024","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":355061,"structure_id":50791,"section_number":"23.1-1025","catch_line":"Covered institutions; operational authority; human resources; certain insurance plans","url":"\/23.1-1025\/","token":"23.1\/III\/10\/4\/23.1-1025","metadata":false},{"id":355062,"structure_id":50791,"section_number":"23.1-1026","catch_line":"Covered institutions; operational authority; human resources; severance policies","url":"\/23.1-1026\/","token":"23.1\/III\/10\/4\/23.1-1026","metadata":false},{"id":355063,"structure_id":50791,"section_number":"23.1-1027","catch_line":"Covered institutions; duties; tuition, fees, rentals, and other charges","url":"\/23.1-1027\/","token":"23.1\/III\/10\/4\/23.1-1027","metadata":false},{"id":355064,"structure_id":50791,"section_number":"23.1-1028","catch_line":"Covered institutions; duties; leases of property","url":"\/23.1-1028\/","token":"23.1\/III\/10\/4\/23.1-1028","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":355044,"structure_id":50791,"section_number":"23.1-1010","catch_line":"Covered institutions; operational authority; creation of entities and participation in joint ventures","url":"\/23.1-1010\/","token":"23.1\/III\/10\/4\/23.1-1010","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"Transparent GMU v. George Mason University","case_number":"181375","citation":null,"date":"2019-12-12","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/4686267\/transparent-gmu-v-george-mason-university\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. PRESENT: All the Justices .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"}}}},"next_section":{"id":355046,"structure_id":50791,"section_number":"23.1-1012","catch_line":"Covered institutions; operational authority; financial operations generally","url":"\/23.1-1012\/","token":"23.1\/III\/10\/4\/23.1-1012","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/23.1-1011\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 2005. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapters <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?051+ful+CHAP0933\">933<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?051+ful+CHAP0945\">945<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2016, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?161+ful+CHAP0588\">588<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":352765,"section_number":"2.2-2800","catch_line":"Disability to hold state office","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-2800\/"},{"id":352809,"section_number":"2.2-2900","catch_line":"Short title; purpose","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-2900\/"},{"id":355591,"section_number":"23.1-809","catch_line":"Public institutions of higher education; establishment of campus police departments authorized; employment of officers","order_by":null,"url":"\/23.1-809\/"}],"permalink":{"id":1412571,"object_type":"law","relational_id":355045,"identifier":"23.1-1011","token":"23.1\/III\/10\/4\/23.1-1011","url":"\/23.1-1011\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/23.1-1011\/","token":"23.1\/III\/10\/4\/23.1-1011","dublin_core":{"Title":"Covered institutions; operational authority; campus police","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 23.1-1011","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">A.<\/span> A <span class=\"dictionary\">covered institution<\/span> may establish or continue to operate a campus police department in accordance with the provisions of Article 3 (&#xA7; <a class=\"law\" title=\"Public institutions of higher education; establishment of campus police departments authorized; employment of officers\" href=\"\/23.1-809\/\">23.1-809<\/a> et seq.) of Chapter 8. Campus police shall possess the powers provided in Article 3 of Chapter 8, except that a <span class=\"dictionary\">covered institution<\/span>&#8217;s employment of campus police is governed by the provisions of this article rather than by Chapter 28 (&#xA7; <a class=\"law\" title=\"Disability to hold state office\" href=\"\/2.2-2800\/\">2.2-2800<\/a> et seq.) and Chapter 29 (&#xA7; <a class=\"law\" title=\"Short title; purpose\" href=\"\/2.2-2900\/\">2.2-2900<\/a> et seq.) of Title 2.2. <a id=\"paragraph-1322074\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/23.1-1011\/#A\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"B\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">B.<\/span> Campus police officers of a <span class=\"dictionary\">covered institution<\/span> are eligible to participate in the same state-sponsored retirement plans on the same terms and conditions as campus police officers of other public institutions of higher education. <a id=\"paragraph-1322075\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/23.1-1011\/#B\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nCOVERED INSTITUTIONS; OPERATIONAL AUTHORITY; CAMPUS POLICE (\u00a7 23.1-1011)\n\nA. A covered institution may establish or continue to operate a campus police\ndepartment in accordance with the provisions of Article 3 (&#xA7; 23.1-809 et\nseq.) of Chapter 8. Campus police shall possess the powers provided in Article 3\nof Chapter 8, except that a covered institution&#8217;s employment of campus\npolice is governed by the provisions of this article rather than by Chapter 28\n(&#xA7; 2.2-2800 et seq.) and Chapter 29 (&#xA7; 2.2-2900 et seq.) of Title 2.2.\n\nB. Campus police officers of a covered institution are eligible to participate\nin the same state-sponsored retirement plans on the same terms and conditions as\ncampus police officers of other public institutions of higher education.\n\nHISTORY: 2005, cc. 933, 945, \u00a7 23-38.102; 2016, c. 588.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}