{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/2.2-2900.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/2.2-2900.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/2.2-2900.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/2.2-2900.html"}],"law_id":352809,"edition_id":2,"section_id":352809,"structure_id":50510,"section_number":"2.2-2900","catch_line":"Short title; purpose","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 2-78; 1966, c. 677, \u00a7 2.1-110; 1970, c. 546; 2001, c. 844.","full_text":"This chapter shall be known and may be cited as the “Virginia Personnel Act.”\n\nThe purpose of this chapter is to ensure for the Commonwealth a system of personnel administration based on merit principles and objective methods of appointment, promotion, transfer, layoff, removal, discipline, and other incidents of state employment.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1313547,"text":"This chapter shall be known and may be cited as the “Virginia Personnel Act.”","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"next_prefix":""},"1":{"id":1313548,"text":"The purpose of this chapter is to ensure for the Commonwealth a system of personnel administration based on merit principles and objective methods of appointment, promotion, transfer, layoff, removal, discipline, and other incidents of state employment.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"prior_prefix":""}},"ancestry":[{"id":50510,"edition_id":2,"name":"Virginia Personnel Act","identifier":"29","label":"chapter","depth":4,"order_by":2,"parent_id":50508,"metadata":{"child_laws":9,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:28:42","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:27:17","permalink":{"id":1402915,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":50510,"identifier":"29","token":"2.2\/I\/E\/29","url":"\/2.2\/I\/E\/29\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":50508,"edition_id":2,"name":"State Officers and Employees","identifier":"E","label":"part","depth":3,"order_by":5,"parent_id":50327,"metadata":{"child_laws":122,"child_structures":15},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:28:37","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:27:17","permalink":{"id":1402735,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":50508,"identifier":"E","token":"2.2\/I\/E","url":"\/2.2\/I\/E\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":50327,"edition_id":2,"name":"Organization of State Government","identifier":"I","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":50326,"metadata":{"child_laws":1084,"child_structures":230},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:26:49","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:26:45","permalink":{"id":1398457,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":50327,"identifier":"I","token":"2.2\/I","url":"\/2.2\/I\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":50326,"edition_id":2,"name":"Administration of Government","identifier":"2.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":3,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":1509,"child_structures":292},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:26:49","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:26:45","permalink":{"id":1398455,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":50326,"identifier":"2.2","token":"2.2","url":"\/2.2\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":352809,"structure_id":50510,"section_number":"2.2-2900","catch_line":"Short title; purpose","url":"\/2.2-2900\/","token":"2.2\/I\/E\/29\/2.2-2900","metadata":false},{"id":352811,"structure_id":50510,"section_number":"2.2-2901","catch_line":"Appointments, promotions and tenure based upon merit and fitness","url":"\/2.2-2901\/","token":"2.2\/I\/E\/29\/2.2-2901","metadata":false},{"id":352810,"structure_id":50510,"section_number":"2.2-2901.1","catch_line":"Employment discrimination prohibited","url":"\/2.2-2901.1\/","token":"2.2\/I\/E\/29\/2.2-2901.1","metadata":false},{"id":352813,"structure_id":50510,"section_number":"2.2-2902","catch_line":"Use of tobacco products by state employees","url":"\/2.2-2902\/","token":"2.2\/I\/E\/29\/2.2-2902","metadata":false},{"id":352812,"structure_id":50510,"section_number":"2.2-2902.1","catch_line":"Rights of state employees to contact elected officials","url":"\/2.2-2902.1\/","token":"2.2\/I\/E\/29\/2.2-2902.1","metadata":false},{"id":352815,"structure_id":50510,"section_number":"2.2-2903","catch_line":"Grade or rating increase and other preferences for veterans and their surviving spouses and children, and members of the National Guard","url":"\/2.2-2903\/","token":"2.2\/I\/E\/29\/2.2-2903","metadata":false},{"id":352814,"structure_id":50510,"section_number":"2.2-2903.1","catch_line":"State employees ordered to active military service","url":"\/2.2-2903.1\/","token":"2.2\/I\/E\/29\/2.2-2903.1","metadata":false},{"id":352816,"structure_id":50510,"section_number":"2.2-2904","catch_line":"Classification of persons who have passed certified professional secretary examination","url":"\/2.2-2904\/","token":"2.2\/I\/E\/29\/2.2-2904","metadata":false},{"id":352817,"structure_id":50510,"section_number":"2.2-2905","catch_line":"Certain officers and employees exempt from chapter","url":"\/2.2-2905\/","token":"2.2\/I\/E\/29\/2.2-2905","metadata":false}],"next_section":{"id":352811,"structure_id":50510,"section_number":"2.2-2901","catch_line":"Appointments, promotions and tenure based upon merit and fitness","url":"\/2.2-2901\/","token":"2.2\/I\/E\/29\/2.2-2901","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/2.2-2900\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 3 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1966, chapter 677; in 1970, chapter 546; in 2001, chapter 844<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":345785,"section_number":"10.1-1602","catch_line":"Board of directors","order_by":null,"url":"\/10.1-1602\/"},{"id":348760,"section_number":"15.2-5405.1","catch_line":"Applicability of personnel and procurement procedures to certain authorities","order_by":null,"url":"\/15.2-5405.1\/"},{"id":349034,"section_number":"15.2-6314.1","catch_line":"Applicability of the Virginia Personnel Act and the Virginia Public Procurement Act","order_by":null,"url":"\/15.2-6314.1\/"},{"id":349552,"section_number":"16.1-233","catch_line":"Department to develop court services; court services units; appointment and removal of employees; salaries","order_by":null,"url":"\/16.1-233\/"},{"id":349555,"section_number":"16.1-235","catch_line":"How probation, parole and related court services provided","order_by":null,"url":"\/16.1-235\/"},{"id":349557,"section_number":"16.1-236","catch_line":"Supervisory officers","order_by":null,"url":"\/16.1-236\/"},{"id":349556,"section_number":"16.1-236.1","catch_line":"Court services unit directors","order_by":null,"url":"\/16.1-236.1\/"},{"id":349559,"section_number":"16.1-238","catch_line":"Compensation of probation officers, court service staff members and related court service personnel; reimbursement; traveling and other expenses","order_by":null,"url":"\/16.1-238\/"},{"id":349835,"section_number":"16.1-69.39","catch_line":"Appointment of personnel","order_by":null,"url":"\/16.1-69.39\/"},{"id":351982,"section_number":"2.2-103","catch_line":"Authority to formulate executive branch policies; chief officer for personnel administration and planning and budget","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-103\/"},{"id":352375,"section_number":"2.2-2215","catch_line":"Powers not restrictive; exemptions from Public Procurement Act and the Virginia Personnel Act","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-2215\/"},{"id":352418,"section_number":"2.2-2244","catch_line":"Exemption of Authority from personnel and procurement procedures; adoption of procurement policies","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-2244\/"},{"id":352499,"section_number":"2.2-2325","catch_line":"Exemptions from personnel and procurement procedures; adoption of procurement policies","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-2325\/"},{"id":352504,"section_number":"2.2-2336","catch_line":"Short title; declaration of public purpose; Fort Monroe Authority created; successor in interest to Fort Monroe Federal Area Development Authority","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-2336\/"},{"id":352539,"section_number":"2.2-2364","catch_line":"Exemption of Authority from personnel and procurement procedures; adoption of procurement policies","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-2364\/"},{"id":352544,"section_number":"2.2-2369","catch_line":"Powers of the Authority","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-2369\/"},{"id":352551,"section_number":"2.2-2376","catch_line":"Exemption of Authority from personnel and procurement procedures","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-2376\/"},{"id":352745,"section_number":"2.2-2743","catch_line":"Exemptions from personnel and procurement procedures","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-2743\/"},{"id":352778,"section_number":"2.2-2812","catch_line":"Employment of personnel","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-2812\/"},{"id":352821,"section_number":"2.2-3002","catch_line":"Exemptions from chapter","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-3002\/"},{"id":352903,"section_number":"2.2-3202","catch_line":"Eligibility for transitional severance benefit","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-3202\/"},{"id":353434,"section_number":"2.2-602","catch_line":"Duties of agencies and their appointing authorities; establishment of personnel standards; diversity, equity, and inclusion strategic plans","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-602\/"},{"id":353469,"section_number":"2.2-804","catch_line":"Recovery of certain improper payments to state officers and employees","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-804\/"},{"id":354851,"section_number":"22.1-346","catch_line":"Transfer of property; rights and duties of the Board of Visitors of the Virginia School for the Deaf and the Blind; supervision of school; appointment and removal of officers and faculty; certain funding initiatives","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-346\/"},{"id":354850,"section_number":"22.1-346.2","catch_line":"Board of Visitors of the Virginia School for the Deaf and the Blind established","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-346.2\/"},{"id":354865,"section_number":"22.1-349","catch_line":"Terms of employment of teachers","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-349\/"},{"id":355045,"section_number":"23.1-1011","catch_line":"Covered institutions; operational authority; campus police","order_by":null,"url":"\/23.1-1011\/"},{"id":355057,"section_number":"23.1-1021","catch_line":"Covered institutions; operational authority; human resources; establishment of a human resources program","order_by":null,"url":"\/23.1-1021\/"},{"id":355058,"section_number":"23.1-1022","catch_line":"Covered institutions; operational authority; human resources; election by certain covered employees","order_by":null,"url":"\/23.1-1022\/"},{"id":355059,"section_number":"23.1-1023","catch_line":"Covered institutions; operational authority; human resources; grievance procedures","order_by":null,"url":"\/23.1-1023\/"},{"id":355062,"section_number":"23.1-1026","catch_line":"Covered institutions; operational authority; human resources; severance policies","order_by":null,"url":"\/23.1-1026\/"},{"id":355276,"section_number":"23.1-2406","catch_line":"Additional powers of the Authority; police","order_by":null,"url":"\/23.1-2406\/"},{"id":355297,"section_number":"23.1-2427","catch_line":"Exemptions","order_by":null,"url":"\/23.1-2427\/"},{"id":355382,"section_number":"23.1-2908","catch_line":"Chancellor of the Virginia Community College System","order_by":null,"url":"\/23.1-2908\/"},{"id":355591,"section_number":"23.1-809","catch_line":"Public institutions of higher education; establishment of campus police departments authorized; employment of officers","order_by":null,"url":"\/23.1-809\/"},{"id":355594,"section_number":"23.1-812","catch_line":"Appointment of campus police officers and members of an auxiliary police force","order_by":null,"url":"\/23.1-812\/"},{"id":355658,"section_number":"24.2-103","catch_line":"Powers and duties in general; report","order_by":null,"url":"\/24.2-103\/"},{"id":356432,"section_number":"28.2-1001","catch_line":"Potomac River Compact","order_by":null,"url":"\/28.2-1001\/"},{"id":357446,"section_number":"3.2-2702","catch_line":"Marine Products Board officers and compensation","order_by":null,"url":"\/3.2-2702\/"},{"id":357452,"section_number":"3.2-2805","catch_line":"Powers and duties of Commissioner","order_by":null,"url":"\/3.2-2805\/"},{"id":357459,"section_number":"3.2-2904","catch_line":"Powers and duties of the Agricultural Council","order_by":null,"url":"\/3.2-2904\/"},{"id":357491,"section_number":"3.2-3105","catch_line":"Appointment of director; Commission employees; counsel to the Commission","order_by":null,"url":"\/3.2-3105\/"},{"id":357549,"section_number":"3.2-3501","catch_line":"Commissioner to manage farmers market operations","order_by":null,"url":"\/3.2-3501\/"},{"id":358772,"section_number":"30-391","catch_line":"Virginia Redistricting Commission","order_by":null,"url":"\/30-391\/"},{"id":358997,"section_number":"32.1-122.7:2","catch_line":"Powers and duties of the Virginia Health Workforce Development Authority; exemptions","order_by":null,"url":"\/32.1-122.7_2\/"},{"id":359453,"section_number":"32.1-297.1","catch_line":"The Virginia Transplant Council","order_by":null,"url":"\/32.1-297.1\/"},{"id":360240,"section_number":"33.2-299.1","catch_line":"Exemption of Authority from personnel and procurement procedures","order_by":null,"url":"\/33.2-299.1\/"},{"id":360573,"section_number":"36-107","catch_line":"Employment of personnel for administration of chapter","order_by":null,"url":"\/36-107\/"},{"id":360906,"section_number":"37.2-200","catch_line":"State Board of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services","order_by":null,"url":"\/37.2-200\/"},{"id":361022,"section_number":"37.2-707","catch_line":"Employment and qualifications of directors of state facilities","order_by":null,"url":"\/37.2-707\/"},{"id":362970,"section_number":"38.2-6511","catch_line":"Procurement, contracting, and personnel","order_by":null,"url":"\/38.2-6511\/"},{"id":363014,"section_number":"4.1-101.010","catch_line":"Exemption of Authority from personnel and procurement procedures; information systems; etc","order_by":null,"url":"\/4.1-101.010\/"},{"id":363271,"section_number":"4.1-617","catch_line":"Exemption of Authority from personnel and procurement procedures; information systems; etc","order_by":null,"url":"\/4.1-617\/"},{"id":364271,"section_number":"45.2-2105","catch_line":" Establishment of the Consortium","order_by":null,"url":"\/45.2-2105\/"},{"id":364984,"section_number":"46.2-1503.2","catch_line":"State Personnel and Public Procurement Acts not applicable","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-1503.2\/"},{"id":367005,"section_number":"51.1-124.27","catch_line":"Employees of the Retirement System","order_by":null,"url":"\/51.1-124.27\/"},{"id":367490,"section_number":"53.1-10","catch_line":"Powers and duties of Director","order_by":null,"url":"\/53.1-10\/"},{"id":367525,"section_number":"53.1-12","catch_line":"Divisions of Department; division heads","order_by":null,"url":"\/53.1-12\/"},{"id":367579,"section_number":"53.1-140","catch_line":"Powers and duties of Director of Department","order_by":null,"url":"\/53.1-140\/"},{"id":367586,"section_number":"53.1-147","catch_line":"Compensation; expenses","order_by":null,"url":"\/53.1-147\/"},{"id":367732,"section_number":"53.1-32.1","catch_line":"Classification system; program assignments; mandatory participation","order_by":null,"url":"\/53.1-32.1\/"},{"id":368215,"section_number":"54.1-2505","catch_line":"Powers and duties of Director of Department","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-2505\/"},{"id":371161,"section_number":"58.1-213","catch_line":"Assistants and clerks","order_by":null,"url":"\/58.1-213\/"},{"id":372235,"section_number":"58.1-4024","catch_line":"Employees of the Department","order_by":null,"url":"\/58.1-4024\/"},{"id":374761,"section_number":"62.1-132.6","catch_line":"Powers not restrictive; exemptions from Public Procurement Act and the Virginia Personnel Act","order_by":null,"url":"\/62.1-132.6\/"},{"id":375570,"section_number":"63.2-210","catch_line":"Appointment of division heads","order_by":null,"url":"\/63.2-210\/"},{"id":375576,"section_number":"63.2-212","catch_line":"Employment of agents and employees","order_by":null,"url":"\/63.2-212\/"},{"id":375577,"section_number":"63.2-213","catch_line":"Powers, duties, titles and functions of agents and employees","order_by":null,"url":"\/63.2-213\/"},{"id":378517,"section_number":"9.1-107","catch_line":"Powers and duties of Director","order_by":null,"url":"\/9.1-107\/"}],"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1402917,"object_type":"law","relational_id":352809,"identifier":"2.2-2900","token":"2.2\/I\/E\/29\/2.2-2900","url":"\/2.2-2900\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/2.2-2900\/","token":"2.2\/I\/E\/29\/2.2-2900","dublin_core":{"Title":"Short title; purpose","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 2.2-2900","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

This chapter shall be known and may be cited as the “Virginia Personnel Act.”<\/p>

The purpose of this chapter is to ensure for the Commonwealth a system of personnel administration based on merit principles and objective methods of appointment, promotion, transfer, layoff, removal, discipline, and other incidents of state employment.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nSHORT TITLE; PURPOSE (\u00a7 2.2-2900)\n\nThis chapter shall be known and may be cited as the “Virginia Personnel\nAct.”\n\nThe purpose of this chapter is to ensure for the Commonwealth a system of\npersonnel administration based on merit principles and objective methods of\nappointment, promotion, transfer, layoff, removal, discipline, and other\nincidents of state employment.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7 2-78; 1966, c. 677, \u00a7 2.1-110; 1970, c. 546; 2001, c.\n844.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}