{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/18.2-379.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/18.2-379.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/18.2-379.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/18.2-379.html"}],"law_id":350888,"edition_id":2,"section_id":350888,"structure_id":50183,"section_number":"18.2-379","catch_line":"Employing or permitting minor to assist in offense under article","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 18.1-234; 1960, c. 233; 1975, cc. 14, 15.","full_text":"It shall be unlawful for any person knowingly to hire, employ, use or permit any minor to do or assist in doing any act or thing constituting an offense under this article.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1307114,"text":"It shall be unlawful for any person knowingly to hire, employ, use or permit any minor to do or assist in doing any act or thing constituting an offense under this article.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":50183,"edition_id":2,"name":"Obscenity and Related Offenses","identifier":"5","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":8,"parent_id":50176,"metadata":{"child_laws":28,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:24:17","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:30:24","permalink":{"id":1394845,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":50183,"identifier":"5","token":"18.2\/8\/5","url":"\/18.2\/8\/5\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":50176,"edition_id":2,"name":"Crimes Involving Morals and Decency","identifier":"8","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":8,"parent_id":50131,"metadata":{"child_laws":145,"child_structures":10},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:24:01","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:30:23","permalink":{"id":1394395,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":50176,"identifier":"8","token":"18.2\/8","url":"\/18.2\/8\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":50131,"edition_id":2,"name":"Crimes and Offenses Generally","identifier":"18.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":52,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":960,"child_structures":94},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:22:59","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:30:15","permalink":{"id":1391141,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":50131,"identifier":"18.2","token":"18.2","url":"\/18.2\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":350874,"structure_id":50183,"section_number":"18.2-372","catch_line":"\"Obscene\" defined","url":"\/18.2-372\/","token":"18.2\/8\/5\/18.2-372","metadata":false},{"id":350875,"structure_id":50183,"section_number":"18.2-373","catch_line":"Obscene items enumerated","url":"\/18.2-373\/","token":"18.2\/8\/5\/18.2-373","metadata":false},{"id":350882,"structure_id":50183,"section_number":"18.2-374","catch_line":"Production, publication, sale, possession, etc., of obscene items","url":"\/18.2-374\/","token":"18.2\/8\/5\/18.2-374","metadata":false},{"id":350876,"structure_id":50183,"section_number":"18.2-374.1","catch_line":"Production, publication, sale, financing, etc., of child pornography; presumption as to age","url":"\/18.2-374.1\/","token":"18.2\/8\/5\/18.2-374.1","metadata":false},{"id":350877,"structure_id":50183,"section_number":"18.2-374.1:1","catch_line":"Possession, reproduction, distribution, solicitation, and facilitation of child pornography; penalty","url":"\/18.2-374.1_1\/","token":"18.2\/8\/5\/18.2-374.1_1","metadata":false},{"id":350878,"structure_id":50183,"section_number":"18.2-374.1:2","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/18.2-374.1_2\/","token":"18.2\/8\/5\/18.2-374.1_2","metadata":false},{"id":350879,"structure_id":50183,"section_number":"18.2-374.2","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/18.2-374.2\/","token":"18.2\/8\/5\/18.2-374.2","metadata":false},{"id":350880,"structure_id":50183,"section_number":"18.2-374.3","catch_line":"Use of communications systems to facilitate certain offenses involving children; penalties","url":"\/18.2-374.3\/","token":"18.2\/8\/5\/18.2-374.3","metadata":false},{"id":350881,"structure_id":50183,"section_number":"18.2-374.4","catch_line":"Display of child pornography or grooming video or materials to a child unlawful; penalty","url":"\/18.2-374.4\/","token":"18.2\/8\/5\/18.2-374.4","metadata":false},{"id":350883,"structure_id":50183,"section_number":"18.2-375","catch_line":"Obscene exhibitions and performances","url":"\/18.2-375\/","token":"18.2\/8\/5\/18.2-375","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"Tjan v. Commonwealth","case_number":"3221031","citation":"621 S.E.2d 669","date":"2005-11-08","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1063377\/tjan-v-commonwealth\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 621 S.E.2d 669 (2005) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"1":{"name":"Wall Distributors, Inc. v. City of Newport News","case_number":"Record 830605","citation":"323 S.E.2d 75","date":"1984-11-30","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1298176\/wall-distributors-inc-v-city-of-newport-news\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 323 S.E.2d 75 (1984) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"2":{"name":"Boyd v. County of Henrico","case_number":"0377022","citation":"592 S.E.2d 768","date":"2004-02-24","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1063916\/boyd-v-county-of-henrico\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. UPON REHEARING EN BANC .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"3":{"name":"Donna Jean White v. County of Henrico","case_number":"0381022","citation":null,"date":"2004-02-24","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1063921\/donna-jean-white-v-county-of-henrico\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"4":{"name":"Dianna Lee White v. County of Henrico","case_number":"0380022","citation":null,"date":"2004-02-24","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1063927\/dianna-lee-white-v-county-of-henrico\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"}}}},{"id":350885,"structure_id":50183,"section_number":"18.2-376","catch_line":"Advertising, etc., obscene items, exhibitions or performances","url":"\/18.2-376\/","token":"18.2\/8\/5\/18.2-376","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"Washington v. Commonwealth","case_number":"Record No. 1734-03-4","citation":"46 Va. App. 276","date":"2005-08-09","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/6934164\/washington-v-commonwealth\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. UPON REHEARING EN BANC .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"1":{"name":"Washington v. Com.","case_number":"1734034","citation":"616 S.E.2d 774","date":"2005-08-09","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1063428\/washington-v-com\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 616 S.E.2d 774 (2005) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"}}}},{"id":350884,"structure_id":50183,"section_number":"18.2-376.1","catch_line":"Enhanced penalties for using a computer in certain violations","url":"\/18.2-376.1\/","token":"18.2\/8\/5\/18.2-376.1","metadata":false},{"id":350886,"structure_id":50183,"section_number":"18.2-377","catch_line":"Placards, posters, bills, etc","url":"\/18.2-377\/","token":"18.2\/8\/5\/18.2-377","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":350887,"structure_id":50183,"section_number":"18.2-378","catch_line":"Coercing acceptance of obscene articles or publications","url":"\/18.2-378\/","token":"18.2\/8\/5\/18.2-378","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":350888,"structure_id":50183,"section_number":"18.2-379","catch_line":"Employing or permitting minor to assist in offense under article","url":"\/18.2-379\/","token":"18.2\/8\/5\/18.2-379","metadata":false},{"id":350890,"structure_id":50183,"section_number":"18.2-380","catch_line":"Punishment for first offense","url":"\/18.2-380\/","token":"18.2\/8\/5\/18.2-380","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"United States v. Charles Ray Allen","case_number":"94-5036","citation":"37 F.3d 1496","date":"1994-10-24","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/680319\/united-states-v-charles-ray-allen\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 37 F.3d 1496NOTICE: Fourth Circuit I.O.P. 36.6 states that citation of unpublished dispositions is .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"1":{"name":"Alger v. Commonwealth","case_number":"Record 030848","citation":"590 S.E.2d 563","date":"2004-01-16","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1059158\/alger-v-commonwealth\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 590 S.E.2d 563 (2004) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"2":{"name":"McMillan v. Commonwealth","case_number":"2074072","citation":"686 S.E.2d 525","date":"2009-12-22","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1062294\/mcmillan-v-commonwealth\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. PETTY, J., with whom ALSTON, J., .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"3":{"name":"Croatan Books, Inc. v. Com. of Va.","case_number":"Civ. A. 83-0379-R","citation":"574 F. Supp. 880","date":"1983-11-04","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1867217\/croatan-books-inc-v-com-of-va\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 574 F.Supp. 880 (1983) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, E.D. Virginia"}}}},{"id":350891,"structure_id":50183,"section_number":"18.2-381","catch_line":"Punishment for subsequent offenses; additional penalty for owner","url":"\/18.2-381\/","token":"18.2\/8\/5\/18.2-381","metadata":false},{"id":350892,"structure_id":50183,"section_number":"18.2-382","catch_line":"Photographs, slides and motion pictures","url":"\/18.2-382\/","token":"18.2\/8\/5\/18.2-382","metadata":false},{"id":350893,"structure_id":50183,"section_number":"18.2-383","catch_line":"Exceptions to application of article","url":"\/18.2-383\/","token":"18.2\/8\/5\/18.2-383","metadata":false},{"id":350894,"structure_id":50183,"section_number":"18.2-384","catch_line":"Proceeding against book alleged to be obscene","url":"\/18.2-384\/","token":"18.2\/8\/5\/18.2-384","metadata":false},{"id":350895,"structure_id":50183,"section_number":"18.2-385","catch_line":"Section 18.2-384 applicable to motion picture films","url":"\/18.2-385\/","token":"18.2\/8\/5\/18.2-385","metadata":false},{"id":350898,"structure_id":50183,"section_number":"18.2-386","catch_line":"Showing previews of certain motion pictures","url":"\/18.2-386\/","token":"18.2\/8\/5\/18.2-386","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"Terrence D'Juan Blackwell v. Commonwealth of Virginia","case_number":"0328202","citation":null,"date":"2021-02-23","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/4858368\/terrence-djuan-blackwell-v-commonwealth-of-virginia\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"1":{"name":"Ronnie Lee Johnson v. Commonwealth of Virginia","case_number":"0443202","citation":null,"date":"2021-07-27","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/4903063\/ronnie-lee-johnson-v-commonwealth-of-virginia\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"2":{"name":"Moussa Moise Haba v. Commonwealth of Virginia","case_number":"0256204","citation":null,"date":"2021-06-15","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/4891874\/moussa-moise-haba-v-commonwealth-of-virginia\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"3":{"name":"Scott Farver Morehead v. Commonwealth of Virginia","case_number":"2225141","citation":"66 Va. App. 241","date":"2016-04-19","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/3195511\/scott-farver-morehead-v-commonwealth-of-virginia\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. FELTON, Judge. .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"4":{"name":"Wilson v. Commonwealth","case_number":"2783073","citation":"673 S.E.2d 923","date":"2009-03-24","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1062523\/wilson-v-commonwealth\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 673 S.E.2d 923 (2009) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"5":{"name":"D'Andre Davon Ballard v. Commonwealth of Virginia","case_number":"1698231","citation":null,"date":"2024-11-06","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/10265886\/dandre-davon-ballard-v-commonwealth-of-virginia\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"6":{"name":"Sheehy v. Williams","case_number":"191089","citation":null,"date":"2020-11-25","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/4833438\/sheehy-v-williams\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. PRESENT: All the Justices .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"7":{"name":"Marshall v. Commonwealth","case_number":"0782103","citation":"708 S.E.2d 253","date":"2011-05-03","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1061952\/marshall-v-commonwealth\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 708 S.E.2d 253 (2011) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"8":{"name":"Arthur Amil Zebbs v. Commonwealth of Virginia","case_number":"0933151","citation":"66 Va. App. 368","date":"2016-05-17","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/3204064\/arthur-amil-zebbs-v-commonwealth-of-virginia\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. *371 .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"9":{"name":"REVI, LLC v. Chicago Title Insurance Co.","case_number":"Record 141562.","citation":"776 S.E.2d 808","date":"2015-09-17","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2959680\/revi-llc-v-chicago-title-insurance-co\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. Justice KELSEY, dissenting. .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"}}}},{"id":350896,"structure_id":50183,"section_number":"18.2-386.1","catch_line":"Unlawful creation of image of another; penalty","url":"\/18.2-386.1\/","token":"18.2\/8\/5\/18.2-386.1","metadata":false},{"id":350897,"structure_id":50183,"section_number":"18.2-386.2","catch_line":"Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another; penalty","url":"\/18.2-386.2\/","token":"18.2\/8\/5\/18.2-386.2","metadata":false},{"id":350900,"structure_id":50183,"section_number":"18.2-387","catch_line":"Indecent exposure","url":"\/18.2-387\/","token":"18.2\/8\/5\/18.2-387","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. Devonza A. Johnson, Sometimes Known as Devonza Antiwan .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"1122213","citation":null,"date":"2022-09-20","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/8242298\/devonza-a-johnson-sometimes-known-as-devonza-antiwan-johnson-v\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"1":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. Samuel Harris, s\/k\/a Samuel Harris, Jr. v. Commonwealth of .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"0119242","citation":null,"date":"2025-02-18","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/10334470\/samuel-harris-ska-samuel-harris-jr-v-commonwealth-of-virginia\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"2":{"name":"Leo Ricardo Barnes v. Commonwealth of Virginia","case_number":"0271121","citation":"61 Va. App. 495","date":"2013-03-05","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1061467\/leo-ricardo-barnes-v-commonwealth-of-virginia\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. ELDER, Judge. .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"3":{"name":"Dustin Allen Ele, Sr. v. Commonwealth of Virginia","case_number":"1602181","citation":"829 S.E.2d 564","date":"2019-07-16","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/4639796\/dustin-allen-ele-sr-v-commonwealth-of-virginia\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"4":{"name":"James David Hazelwood v. Commonwealth of Virginia","case_number":"2013241","citation":null,"date":"2026-06-09","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/10875780\/james-david-hazelwood-v-commonwealth-of-virginia\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"5":{"name":"Simon v. Commonwealth","case_number":"0909104","citation":"708 S.E.2d 245","date":"2011-05-03","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1061950\/simon-v-commonwealth\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 708 S.E.2d 245 (2011) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"6":{"name":"Moses v. Commonwealth","case_number":"0985033","citation":"611 S.E.2d 607","date":"2005-04-12","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1063538\/moses-v-commonwealth\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. UPON REHEARING EN BANC .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"7":{"name":"Farhoumand v. Commonwealth","case_number":"140012","citation":null,"date":"2014-10-31","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2747285\/farhoumand-v-commonwealth\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. PRESENT:   All the Justices .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"8":{"name":"Moses v. Commonwealth","case_number":"Record 0985-03-3","citation":"600 S.E.2d 162","date":"2004-08-10","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1415840\/moses-v-commonwealth\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. KELSEY, J., .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"9":{"name":"Simmons v. T.M. Assocs. Mgmt., Inc.","case_number":"Case No. 3:17\u2013cv\u201300066","citation":"287 F. Supp. 3d 600","date":"2018-02-14","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/7328200\/simmons-v-tm-assocs-mgmt-inc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. NORMAN K. MOON, SENIOR UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, W.D. Virginia"}}}},{"id":350899,"structure_id":50183,"section_number":"18.2-387.1","catch_line":"Obscene sexual display; penalty","url":"\/18.2-387.1\/","token":"18.2\/8\/5\/18.2-387.1","metadata":false},{"id":350901,"structure_id":50183,"section_number":"18.2-388","catch_line":"Intoxication in public; penalty; transportation of public inebriates to detoxification center","url":"\/18.2-388\/","token":"18.2\/8\/5\/18.2-388","metadata":false},{"id":350902,"structure_id":50183,"section_number":"18.2-389","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/18.2-389\/","token":"18.2\/8\/5\/18.2-389","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":350887,"structure_id":50183,"section_number":"18.2-378","catch_line":"Coercing acceptance of obscene articles or publications","url":"\/18.2-378\/","token":"18.2\/8\/5\/18.2-378","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},"next_section":{"id":350890,"structure_id":50183,"section_number":"18.2-380","catch_line":"Punishment for first offense","url":"\/18.2-380\/","token":"18.2\/8\/5\/18.2-380","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"United States v. Charles Ray Allen","case_number":"94-5036","citation":"37 F.3d 1496","date":"1994-10-24","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/680319\/united-states-v-charles-ray-allen\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 37 F.3d 1496NOTICE: Fourth Circuit I.O.P. 36.6 states that citation of unpublished dispositions is .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"1":{"name":"Alger v. Commonwealth","case_number":"Record 030848","citation":"590 S.E.2d 563","date":"2004-01-16","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1059158\/alger-v-commonwealth\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 590 S.E.2d 563 (2004) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"2":{"name":"McMillan v. Commonwealth","case_number":"2074072","citation":"686 S.E.2d 525","date":"2009-12-22","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1062294\/mcmillan-v-commonwealth\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. PETTY, J., with whom ALSTON, J., .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"3":{"name":"Croatan Books, Inc. v. Com. of Va.","case_number":"Civ. A. 83-0379-R","citation":"574 F. Supp. 880","date":"1983-11-04","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1867217\/croatan-books-inc-v-com-of-va\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 574 F.Supp. 880 (1983) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, E.D. Virginia"}}}},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/18.2-379\/","history_text":"<p>The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1960, chapter 233; in 1975, chapters 14 and 15.<\/p>","references":[{"id":350225,"section_number":"17.1-805","catch_line":"Adoption of initial discretionary sentencing guideline midpoints","order_by":null,"url":"\/17.1-805\/"},{"id":350862,"section_number":"18.2-370.2","catch_line":"Sex offenses prohibiting proximity to children; penalty","order_by":null,"url":"\/18.2-370.2\/"},{"id":350890,"section_number":"18.2-380","catch_line":"Punishment for first offense","order_by":null,"url":"\/18.2-380\/"},{"id":350891,"section_number":"18.2-381","catch_line":"Punishment for subsequent offenses; additional penalty for owner","order_by":null,"url":"\/18.2-381\/"},{"id":351833,"section_number":"19.2-392.02","catch_line":"National criminal background checks by businesses and organizations regarding employees or volunteers providing care to children or the elderly or disabled","order_by":null,"url":"\/19.2-392.02\/"}],"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1394903,"object_type":"law","relational_id":350888,"identifier":"18.2-379","token":"18.2\/8\/5\/18.2-379","url":"\/18.2-379\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/18.2-379\/","token":"18.2\/8\/5\/18.2-379","dublin_core":{"Title":"Employing or permitting minor to assist in offense under article","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 18.2-379","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>It shall be unlawful for any person knowingly to hire, employ, use or permit any <span class=\"dictionary\">minor<\/span> to do or assist in doing any act or thing constituting an <span class=\"dictionary\">offense<\/span> under this article.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nEMPLOYING OR PERMITTING MINOR TO ASSIST IN OFFENSE UNDER ARTICLE (\u00a7 18.2-379)\n\nIt shall be unlawful for any person knowingly to hire, employ, use or permit any\nminor to do or assist in doing any act or thing constituting an offense under\nthis article.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7 18.1-234; 1960, c. 233; 1975, cc. 14, 15.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}