{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/18.2-152.17.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/18.2-152.17.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/18.2-152.17.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/18.2-152.17.html"}],"law_id":350345,"edition_id":2,"section_id":350345,"structure_id":50142,"section_number":"18.2-152.17","catch_line":"Fraudulent procurement, sale, or receipt of telephone records","history":"2006, c. 469.","full_text":"A\n\nWhoever (i) knowingly procures, attempts to procure, solicits, or conspires with another to procure a telephone record by fraudulent means; (ii) knowingly sells, or attempts to sell, a telephone record without the authorization of the customer to whom the record pertains; or (iii) receives a telephone record knowing that such record has been obtained by fraudulent means is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor.\n\nB\n\nAs used in this section:\n\t\t\t“Procure” in regard to such a telephone record means to obtain by any means, whether electronically, in writing, or in oral form, with or without consideration.\n\n\t\t\t“Telecommunications carrier” means any person that provides commercial telephone services to a customer, irrespective of the communications technology used to provide such service, including, but not limited to, traditional wireline or cable telephone service; cellular, broadband PCS, or other wireless telephone service; microwave, satellite, or other terrestrial telephone service; and voice over Internet telephone service.\n\n\t\t\t“Telephone record” means information retained by a telecommunications carrier that relates to the telephone number dialed by the customer or the incoming number of a call directed to a customer, or other data related to such calls typically contained on a customer telephone bill such as the time the call started and ended, the duration of the call, the time of day the call was made, and any charges applied. For purposes of this section, any information collected and retained by customers utilizing Caller I.D., or other similar technology, does not constitute a telephone record.\n\nC\n\nNothing in this section shall be construed to prevent any action by a law-enforcement agency, or any officer or employee of such agency, from obtaining telephone records in connection with the performance of the official duties of the agency.\n\nD\n\nNothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit a telecommunications carrier from obtaining, using, disclosing, or permitting access to any telephone record, either directly or indirectly through its agents (i) in compliance with a subpoena or subpoena duces tecum or as otherwise authorized by law; (ii) with the lawful consent of the customer or subscriber; (iii) as may be necessarily incident to the rendition of the service or to the protection of the rights or property of the provider of that service, or to protect users of those services and other carriers from fraudulent, abusive, or unlawful use of, subscription to, such services; (iv) to a governmental entity, if the telecommunications carrier reasonably believes that an emergency involving immediate danger of death or serious physical injury to any person justifies disclosure of the information; or (v) to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, in connection with a report submitted thereto under the Victims of Child Abuse Act of 1990.\n\nE\n\nVenue for the trial of any person charged with an offense under this section may be in the locality in which:\n\n1\n\nAny act was performed in furtherance of any course of conduct in violation of this section;\n\n2\n\nThe accused has his principal place of business in the Commonwealth;\n\n3\n\nAny accused had control or possession of any proceeds of the violation or of any books, records, documents, property, financial instrument, telephone record, or other material or objects that were used in furtherance of the violation;\n\n4\n\nFrom which, to which, or through which any access to a telecommunication carrier was made whether by wires, electromagnetic waves, microwaves, optics or any other means of communication; or\n\n5\n\nThe accused resides, or resided at the time of the offense.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1305339,"text":"Whoever (i) knowingly procures, attempts to procure, solicits, or conspires with another to procure a telephone record by fraudulent means; (ii) knowingly sells, or attempts to sell, a telephone record without the authorization of the customer to whom the record pertains; or (iii) receives a telephone record knowing that such record has been obtained by fraudulent means is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":1305340,"text":"As used in this section:\n\t\t\t“Procure” in regard to such a telephone record means to obtain by any means, whether electronically, in writing, or in oral form, with or without consideration.\t\t\t“Telecommunications carrier” means any person that provides commercial telephone services to a customer, irrespective of the communications technology used to provide such service, including, but not limited to, traditional wireline or cable telephone service; cellular, broadband PCS, or other wireless telephone service; microwave, satellite, or other terrestrial telephone service; and voice over Internet telephone service.\t\t\t“Telephone record” means information retained by a telecommunications carrier that relates to the telephone number dialed by the customer or the incoming number of a call directed to a customer, or other data related to such calls typically contained on a customer telephone bill such as the time the call started and ended, the duration of the call, the time of day the call was made, and any charges applied. For purposes of this section, any information collected and retained by customers utilizing Caller I.D., or other similar technology, does not constitute a telephone record.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":1305341,"text":"Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent any action by a law-enforcement agency, or any officer or employee of such agency, from obtaining telephone records in connection with the performance of the official duties of the agency.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"D"},"3":{"id":1305342,"text":"Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit a telecommunications carrier from obtaining, using, disclosing, or permitting access to any telephone record, either directly or indirectly through its agents (i) in compliance with a subpoena or subpoena duces tecum or as otherwise authorized by law; (ii) with the lawful consent of the customer or subscriber; (iii) as may be necessarily incident to the rendition of the service or to the protection of the rights or property of the provider of that service, or to protect users of those services and other carriers from fraudulent, abusive, or unlawful use of, subscription to, such services; (iv) to a governmental entity, if the telecommunications carrier reasonably believes that an emergency involving immediate danger of death or serious physical injury to any person justifies disclosure of the information; or (v) to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, in connection with a report submitted thereto under the Victims of Child Abuse Act of 1990.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"E"},"4":{"id":1305343,"text":"Venue for the trial of any person charged with an offense under this section may be in the locality in which:","type":"section","prefixes":["E"],"prefix":"E","entire_prefix":"E","prefix_anchor":"E","level":1,"prior_prefix":"D","next_prefix":"E1"},"5":{"id":1305344,"text":"Any act was performed in furtherance of any course of conduct in violation of this section;","type":"section","prefixes":["E","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"E1","prefix_anchor":"E1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"E","next_prefix":"E2"},"6":{"id":1305345,"text":"The accused has his principal place of business in the Commonwealth;","type":"section","prefixes":["E","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"E2","prefix_anchor":"E2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"E1","next_prefix":"E3"},"7":{"id":1305346,"text":"Any accused had control or possession of any proceeds of the violation or of any books, records, documents, property, financial instrument, telephone record, or other material or objects that were used in furtherance of the violation;","type":"section","prefixes":["E","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"E3","prefix_anchor":"E3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"E2","next_prefix":"E4"},"8":{"id":1305347,"text":"From which, to which, or through which any access to a telecommunication carrier was made whether by wires, electromagnetic waves, microwaves, optics or any other means of communication; or","type":"section","prefixes":["E","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"E4","prefix_anchor":"E4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"E3","next_prefix":"E5"},"9":{"id":1305348,"text":"The accused resides, or resided at the time of the offense.","type":"section","prefixes":["E","5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"E5","prefix_anchor":"E5","level":2,"prior_prefix":"E4"}},"ancestry":[{"id":50142,"edition_id":2,"name":"Fraudulent Procurement, Sale, or Receipt of Telephone Records","identifier":"7.2","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":9,"parent_id":50135,"metadata":{"child_laws":1,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:23:12","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:30:19","permalink":{"id":1392839,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":50142,"identifier":"7.2","token":"18.2\/5\/7.2","url":"\/18.2\/5\/7.2\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":50135,"edition_id":2,"name":"Crimes Against Property","identifier":"5","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":5,"parent_id":50131,"metadata":{"child_laws":153,"child_structures":10},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:22:59","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:30:17","permalink":{"id":1392301,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":50135,"identifier":"5","token":"18.2\/5","url":"\/18.2\/5\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":50131,"edition_id":2,"name":"Crimes and Offenses Generally","identifier":"18.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":52,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":960,"child_structures":94},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:22:59","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:30:15","permalink":{"id":1391141,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":50131,"identifier":"18.2","token":"18.2","url":"\/18.2\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":350345,"structure_id":50142,"section_number":"18.2-152.17","catch_line":"Fraudulent procurement, sale, or receipt of telephone records","url":"\/18.2-152.17\/","token":"18.2\/5\/7.2\/18.2-152.17","metadata":false}],"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/18.2-152.17\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2006. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 469<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1392841,"object_type":"law","relational_id":350345,"identifier":"18.2-152.17","token":"18.2\/5\/7.2\/18.2-152.17","url":"\/18.2-152.17\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/18.2-152.17\/","token":"18.2\/5\/7.2\/18.2-152.17","dublin_core":{"Title":"Fraudulent procurement, sale, or receipt of telephone records","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 18.2-152.17","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> Whoever (i) knowingly procures<\/span>, attempts to procure<\/span>, solicits, or conspires with another to procure<\/span> a telephone record<\/span> by fraudulent means; (ii) knowingly sells, or attempts to sell, a telephone record<\/span> without the authorization of the customer to whom the record pertains; or (iii) receives a telephone record<\/span> knowing that such record has been obtained by fraudulent means is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> As used in this section:\n\t\t\t“Procure<\/span>” in regard to such a telephone record<\/span> means to obtain by any means, whether electronically, in writing, or in oral form, with or without consideration.

\t\t\t“Telecommunications carrier<\/span>” means any person that provides commercial telephone services to a customer, irrespective of the communications technology used to provide such service, including, but not limited to, traditional wireline or cable telephone service; cellular, broadband PCS, or other wireless telephone service; microwave, satellite, or other terrestrial telephone service; and voice over Internet telephone service.

\t\t\t“Telephone record<\/span>” means information retained by a telecommunications carrier<\/span> that relates to the telephone number dialed by the customer or the incoming number of a call directed to a customer, or other data related to such calls typically contained on a customer telephone bill such as the time the call started and ended, the duration of the call, the time of day the call was made, and any charges applied. For purposes of this section, any information collected and retained by customers utilizing Caller I.D., or other similar technology, does not constitute a telephone record<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent any action by a law<\/span>-enforcement agency, or any officer or employee of such agency, from obtaining telephone records<\/span> in connection with the performance of the official duties of the agency. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

D.<\/span> Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit a telecommunications carrier<\/span> from obtaining, using, disclosing, or permitting access to any telephone record<\/span>, either directly or indirectly through its agents (i) in compliance with a subpoena or subpoena duces tecum<\/span> or as otherwise authorized by law<\/span>; (ii) with the lawful consent of the customer or subscriber; (iii) as may be necessarily incident to the rendition of the service or to the protection of the rights or property of the provider of that service, or to protect users of those services and other carriers from fraudulent, abusive, or unlawful use of, subscription to, such services; (iv) to a governmental entity, if the telecommunications carrier<\/span> reasonably believes that an emergency involving immediate danger of death or serious physical injury to any person justifies disclosure of the information; or (v) to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, in connection with a report submitted thereto under the Victims of Child Abuse Act of 1990. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

E.<\/span> Venue<\/span> for the trial<\/span> of any person charged with an offense<\/span> under this section may be in the locality in which: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Any act was performed in furtherance of any course of conduct in violation of this section; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> The accused<\/span> has his principal place of business in the Commonwealth; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Any accused<\/span> had control or possession<\/span> of any proceeds of the violation or of any books, records, documents, property, financial instrument, telephone record<\/span>, or other material<\/span> or objects<\/span> that were used in furtherance of the violation; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> From which, to which, or through which any access to a telecommunication carrier was made whether by wires, electromagnetic waves, microwaves, optics or any other means of communication; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> The accused<\/span> resides, or resided at the time of the offense<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nFRAUDULENT PROCUREMENT, SALE, OR RECEIPT OF TELEPHONE RECORDS (\u00a7 18.2-152.17)\n\nA. Whoever (i) knowingly procures, attempts to procure, solicits, or conspires\nwith another to procure a telephone record by fraudulent means; (ii) knowingly\nsells, or attempts to sell, a telephone record without the authorization of the\ncustomer to whom the record pertains; or (iii) receives a telephone record\nknowing that such record has been obtained by fraudulent means is guilty of a\nClass 1 misdemeanor.\n\nB. As used in this section:\n\t\t\t“Procure” in regard to such a telephone record means to obtain by\nany means, whether electronically, in writing, or in oral form, with or without\nconsideration.\t\t\t“Telecommunications carrier” means any person that\nprovides commercial telephone services to a customer, irrespective of the\ncommunications technology used to provide such service, including, but not\nlimited to, traditional wireline or cable telephone service; cellular, broadband\nPCS, or other wireless telephone service; microwave, satellite, or other\nterrestrial telephone service; and voice over Internet telephone\nservice.\t\t\t“Telephone record” means information retained by a\ntelecommunications carrier that relates to the telephone number dialed by the\ncustomer or the incoming number of a call directed to a customer, or other data\nrelated to such calls typically contained on a customer telephone bill such as\nthe time the call started and ended, the duration of the call, the time of day\nthe call was made, and any charges applied. For purposes of this section, any\ninformation collected and retained by customers utilizing Caller I.D., or other\nsimilar technology, does not constitute a telephone record.\n\nC. Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent any action by a\nlaw-enforcement agency, or any officer or employee of such agency, from\nobtaining telephone records in connection with the performance of the official\nduties of the agency.\n\nD. Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit a telecommunications\ncarrier from obtaining, using, disclosing, or permitting access to any telephone\nrecord, either directly or indirectly through its agents (i) in compliance with\na subpoena or subpoena duces tecum or as otherwise authorized by law; (ii) with\nthe lawful consent of the customer or subscriber; (iii) as may be necessarily\nincident to the rendition of the service or to the protection of the rights or\nproperty of the provider of that service, or to protect users of those services\nand other carriers from fraudulent, abusive, or unlawful use of, subscription\nto, such services; (iv) to a governmental entity, if the telecommunications\ncarrier reasonably believes that an emergency involving immediate danger of\ndeath or serious physical injury to any person justifies disclosure of the\ninformation; or (v) to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children,\nin connection with a report submitted thereto under the Victims of Child Abuse\nAct of 1990.\n\nE. Venue for the trial of any person charged with an offense under this section\nmay be in the locality in which:\n\n 1. Any act was performed in furtherance of any course of conduct in violation\n of this section;\n\n 2. The accused has his principal place of business in the Commonwealth;\n\n 3. Any accused had control or possession of any proceeds of the violation or\n of any books, records, documents, property, financial instrument, telephone\n record, or other material or objects that were used in furtherance of the\n violation;\n\n 4. From which, to which, or through which any access to a telecommunication\n carrier was made whether by wires, electromagnetic waves, microwaves, optics\n or any other means of communication; or\n\n 5. The accused resides, or resided at the time of the offense.\n\nHISTORY: 2006, c. 469.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}