{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/13.1-676.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/13.1-676.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/13.1-676.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/13.1-676.html"}],"law_id":346814,"edition_id":2,"section_id":346814,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-676","catch_line":"Election of directors by certain classes or series of shares","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 13.1-37; 1956, c. 428; 1985, c. 522; 2019, c. 734.","full_text":"If the articles of incorporation authorize dividing the shares into classes or series, the articles of incorporation may also authorize the election of all or a specified number of directors by the holders of one or more authorized classes or series of shares. A class or series, or multiple classes or series, of shares entitled to elect one or more directors is a separate voting group for purposes of the election of directors.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1293524,"text":"If the articles of incorporation authorize dividing the shares into classes or series, the articles of incorporation may also authorize the election of all or a specified number of directors by the holders of one or more authorized classes or series of shares. A class or series, or multiple classes or series, of shares entitled to elect one or more directors is a separate voting group for purposes of the election of directors.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":49791,"edition_id":2,"name":"Directors and Officers","identifier":"9","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":11,"parent_id":49780,"metadata":{"child_laws":27,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:15:20","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:29:11","permalink":{"id":1378171,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":49791,"identifier":"9","token":"13.1\/9\/9","url":"\/13.1\/9\/9\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":49780,"edition_id":2,"name":"Virginia Stock Corporation Act","identifier":"9","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":12,"parent_id":49726,"metadata":{"child_laws":265,"child_structures":27},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:14:54","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:29:09","permalink":{"id":1377165,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":49780,"identifier":"9","token":"13.1\/9","url":"\/13.1\/9\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":49726,"edition_id":2,"name":"Corporations","identifier":"13.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":44,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":894,"child_structures":104},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:14:01","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:29:04","permalink":{"id":1374495,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":49726,"identifier":"13.1","token":"13.1","url":"\/13.1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":346811,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-673","catch_line":"Requirement for and duties of board of directors","url":"\/13.1-673\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-673","metadata":false},{"id":346812,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-674","catch_line":"Qualifications for directors or for nominees for director","url":"\/13.1-674\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-674","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":346813,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-675","catch_line":"Number and election of directors","url":"\/13.1-675\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-675","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"In Re Old Grind Co., Inc.","case_number":"19-70170","citation":"99 B.R. 317","date":"1989-05-25","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2012268\/in-re-old-grind-co-inc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 99 B.R. 317 (1989) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"United States Bankruptcy Court, W.D. Virginia"}}}},{"id":346814,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-676","catch_line":"Election of directors by certain classes or series of shares","url":"\/13.1-676\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-676","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":346815,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-677","catch_line":"Terms of directors generally","url":"\/13.1-677\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-677","metadata":false},{"id":346816,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-678","catch_line":"Staggered terms for directors","url":"\/13.1-678\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-678","metadata":false},{"id":346817,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-679","catch_line":"Resignation of directors","url":"\/13.1-679\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-679","metadata":false},{"id":346818,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-680","catch_line":"Removal of directors by shareholders","url":"\/13.1-680\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-680","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":346820,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-681","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/13.1-681\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-681","metadata":false},{"id":346819,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-681.1","catch_line":"Removal of directors by judicial proceeding","url":"\/13.1-681.1\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-681.1","metadata":false},{"id":346821,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-682","catch_line":"Vacancy on board of directors","url":"\/13.1-682\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-682","metadata":false},{"id":346822,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-683","catch_line":"Compensation of directors","url":"\/13.1-683\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-683","metadata":false},{"id":346823,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-684","catch_line":"Meetings of the board of directors","url":"\/13.1-684\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-684","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":346824,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-685","catch_line":"Action without meeting of board of directors","url":"\/13.1-685\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-685","metadata":false},{"id":346825,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-686","catch_line":"Notice of board of directors' meetings","url":"\/13.1-686\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-686","metadata":false},{"id":346826,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-687","catch_line":"Waiver of notice by director","url":"\/13.1-687\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-687","metadata":false},{"id":346827,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-688","catch_line":"Quorum and voting by directors","url":"\/13.1-688\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-688","metadata":false},{"id":346828,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-689","catch_line":"Committees","url":"\/13.1-689\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-689","metadata":false},{"id":346830,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-690","catch_line":"General standards of conduct for director","url":"\/13.1-690\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-690","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. Richmond A. Dellastatious, and Frank Romano v. Donald F. .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"00-1577","citation":"242 F.3d 191","date":"2001-02-22","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/772338\/richmond-a-dellastatious-and-frank-romano-v-donald-f-williams-ray\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 242 F.3d 191 (4th Cir. 2001) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"1":{"name":"Dellastatious v. Williams","case_number":"00-1577, 00-1595","citation":"242 F.3d 191","date":"2001-02-22","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2967340\/dellastatious-v-williams\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. OPINION .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"2":{"name":"Remora Investments, L.L.C. v. Orr","case_number":"Record 080313.","citation":"673 S.E.2d 845","date":"2009-02-27","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1058372\/remora-investments-llc-v-orr\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 673 S.E.2d 845 (2009) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"3":{"name":"Willard v. Moneta Building Supply, Inc.","case_number":"Record 981836","citation":"515 S.E.2d 277","date":"1999-06-11","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1059739\/willard-v-moneta-building-supply-inc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. JUSTICE KOONTZ, with whom JUSTICE HASSELL .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"4":{"name":"Wlr Foods, Inc. v. Tyson Foods, Inc.","case_number":"Civ. A. No. 94-0012-H","citation":"155 F.R.D. 136","date":"1994-04-25","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/9045584\/wlr-foods-inc-v-tyson-foods-inc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. MEMORANDUM OPINION .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, W.D. Virginia"},"5":{"name":"Berman v. Physical Medicine Associates, Ltd.","case_number":"99-1043","citation":"225 F.3d 429","date":"2000-08-23","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2967261\/berman-v-physical-medicine-associates-ltd\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. Affirmed by published opinion. Judge NIEMEYER wrote the opinion, in which Judge MICHAEL and Judge .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"6":{"name":"Matson v. Alpert (In re LandAmerica Financial Group, Inc.)","case_number":"Bankruptcy No. 08-35994; Adversary No. 11-03168","citation":"470 B.R. 759","date":"2012-03-01","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/8522215\/matson-v-alpert-in-re-landamerica-financial-group-inc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. MEMORANDUM OPINION .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"United States Bankruptcy Court, E.D. Virginia"},"7":{"name":"WLR Foods, Inc. v. Tyson Foods, Inc.","case_number":"Civ. A. 94-012-H","citation":"857 F. Supp. 492","date":"1994-06-01","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2008780\/wlr-foods-inc-v-tyson-foods-inc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 857 F.Supp. 492 (1994) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, W.D. Virginia"},"8":{"name":"Simmons v. Miller","case_number":"Record 000785","citation":"544 S.E.2d 666","date":"2001-04-20","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1059483\/simmons-v-miller\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 544 S.E.2d 666 (2001) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"9":{"name":"Commonwealth Transportation Commissioner v. Matyiko","case_number":"Record 960433","citation":"481 S.E.2d 468","date":"1997-01-10","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1060097\/commonwealth-transportation-commissioner-v-matyiko\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 481 S.E.2d 468 (1997) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"}}}},{"id":346829,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-690.1","catch_line":"Director of open-end management investment company deemed disinterested","url":"\/13.1-690.1\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-690.1","metadata":false},{"id":346832,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-691","catch_line":"Director conflict of interests","url":"\/13.1-691\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-691","metadata":false},{"id":346831,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-691.1","catch_line":"Business opportunities","url":"\/13.1-691.1\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-691.1","metadata":false},{"id":346834,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-692","catch_line":"Liability for unlawful distributions","url":"\/13.1-692\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-692","metadata":false},{"id":346833,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-692.1","catch_line":"Limitation on liability of officers and directors; exception","url":"\/13.1-692.1\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-692.1","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"Nos. 91-1873, 91-1874","case_number":"332","citation":"979 F.2d 332","date":"1993-04-07","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/594712\/nos-91-1873-91-1874\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 979 F.2d 332 .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"1":{"name":"Sandberg v. Virginia Bankshares, Inc.","case_number":"Nos. 91-1873, 91-1874","citation":"979 F.2d 332","date":"1992-10-21","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/9012782\/sandberg-v-virginia-bankshares-inc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. OPINION .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"2":{"name":"Sandberg v. Virginia Bankshares, Inc.","case_number":"Nos. 88-2658 to 88-2660, 88-2662 to 88-2664, 89-2903, 89-2904","citation":"891 F.2d 1112","date":"1989-12-15","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/8984088\/sandberg-v-virginia-bankshares-inc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. K.K. HALL, Circuit Judge: .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"3":{"name":"Matson v. Alpert (In re LandAmerica Financial Group, Inc.)","case_number":"Bankruptcy No. 08-35994; Adversary No. 11-03168","citation":"470 B.R. 759","date":"2012-03-01","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/8522215\/matson-v-alpert-in-re-landamerica-financial-group-inc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. MEMORANDUM OPINION .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"United States Bankruptcy Court, E.D. Virginia"},"4":{"name":"Commonwealth Transportation Commissioner v. Matyiko","case_number":"Record 960433","citation":"481 S.E.2d 468","date":"1997-01-10","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1060097\/commonwealth-transportation-commissioner-v-matyiko\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 481 S.E.2d 468 (1997) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"}}}},{"id":346835,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-693","catch_line":"Required officers","url":"\/13.1-693\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-693","metadata":false},{"id":346836,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-694","catch_line":"Duties of officers","url":"\/13.1-694\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-694","metadata":false},{"id":346837,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-695","catch_line":"Resignation and removal of officers","url":"\/13.1-695\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-695","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}}],"previous_section":{"id":346813,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-675","catch_line":"Number and election of directors","url":"\/13.1-675\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-675","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"In Re Old Grind Co., Inc.","case_number":"19-70170","citation":"99 B.R. 317","date":"1989-05-25","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2012268\/in-re-old-grind-co-inc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 99 B.R. 317 (1989) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"United States Bankruptcy Court, W.D. Virginia"}}}},"next_section":{"id":346815,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-677","catch_line":"Terms of directors generally","url":"\/13.1-677\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-677","metadata":false},"metadata":{"court_decisions":""},"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/13.1-676\/","history_text":"<p>The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 3 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1956, chapter 428; in 1985, chapter 522; in 2019, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?191+ful+CHAP0734\">734<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1378185,"object_type":"law","relational_id":346814,"identifier":"13.1-676","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-676","url":"\/13.1-676\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/13.1-676\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-676","dublin_core":{"Title":"Election of directors by certain classes or series of shares","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 13.1-676","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>If the <span class=\"dictionary\">articles of incorporation<\/span> authorize dividing the <span class=\"dictionary\">shares<\/span> into classes or series, the <span class=\"dictionary\">articles of incorporation<\/span> may also authorize the election of all or a specified number of directors by the holders of one or more authorized classes or series of <span class=\"dictionary\">shares<\/span>. A class or series, or multiple classes or series, of <span class=\"dictionary\">shares<\/span> entitled to elect one or more directors is a separate <span class=\"dictionary\">voting group<\/span> for purposes of the election of directors.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nELECTION OF DIRECTORS BY CERTAIN CLASSES OR SERIES OF SHARES (\u00a7 13.1-676)\n\nIf the articles of incorporation authorize dividing the shares into classes or\nseries, the articles of incorporation may also authorize the election of all or\na specified number of directors by the holders of one or more authorized classes\nor series of shares. A class or series, or multiple classes or series, of shares\nentitled to elect one or more directors is a separate voting group for purposes\nof the election of directors.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7 13.1-37; 1956, c. 428; 1985, c. 522; 2019, c. 734.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}