{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/13.1-674.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/13.1-674.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/13.1-674.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/13.1-674.html"}],"law_id":346812,"edition_id":2,"section_id":346812,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-674","catch_line":"Qualifications for directors or for nominees for director","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 13.1-35; 1956, c. 428; 1985, c. 522; 2012, c. 706; 2015, c. 611; 2019, c. 734.","full_text":"A\n\nThe articles of incorporation or bylaws may prescribe qualifications for directors or for nominees for director.\n\nB\n\nA requirement that is based on a past, current, or prospective action, or on an expression of an opinion, by a nominee or director that (i) relates to the discharge of a director&#8217;s duties and (ii) could limit the ability of the nominee or director to discharge his duties as a director is not a permissible qualification for a nominee or director under this section. Permissible qualifications for a nominee or director under this section include the person&#8217;s not being or having been subject to specified criminal, civil, or regulatory sanctions or not having been removed as a director by judicial action or for cause.\n\nC\n\nA director need not be a resident of the Commonwealth or a shareholder of the corporation unless the articles of incorporation or bylaws so prescribe.\n\nD\n\nA qualification for nomination for director that is prescribed before a person&#8217;s nomination shall apply to the person at the time of his nomination. A qualification for nomination for director that is prescribed after a person&#8217;s nomination shall not apply to that person with respect to such nomination.\n\nE\n\nA qualification for directors that is prescribed before a person&#8217;s nomination for director may provide that it applies (i) only at the start of the director&#8217;s term or (ii) during that person&#8217;s term as director. A qualification for directors prescribed during a director&#8217;s term shall not apply to that director prior to the end of that director&#8217;s term.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1293515,"text":"The articles of incorporation or bylaws may prescribe qualifications for directors or for nominees for director.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":1293516,"text":"A requirement that is based on a past, current, or prospective action, or on an expression of an opinion, by a nominee or director that (i) relates to the discharge of a director&#8217;s duties and (ii) could limit the ability of the nominee or director to discharge his duties as a director is not a permissible qualification for a nominee or director under this section. Permissible qualifications for a nominee or director under this section include the person&#8217;s not being or having been subject to specified criminal, civil, or regulatory sanctions or not having been removed as a director by judicial action or for cause.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":1293517,"text":"A director need not be a resident of the Commonwealth or a shareholder of the corporation unless the articles of incorporation or bylaws so prescribe.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"D"},"3":{"id":1293518,"text":"A qualification for nomination for director that is prescribed before a person&#8217;s nomination shall apply to the person at the time of his nomination. A qualification for nomination for director that is prescribed after a person&#8217;s nomination shall not apply to that person with respect to such nomination.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"E"},"4":{"id":1293519,"text":"A qualification for directors that is prescribed before a person&#8217;s nomination for director may provide that it applies (i) only at the start of the director&#8217;s term or (ii) during that person&#8217;s term as director. A qualification for directors prescribed during a director&#8217;s term shall not apply to that director prior to the end of that director&#8217;s term.","type":"section","prefixes":["E"],"prefix":"E","entire_prefix":"E","prefix_anchor":"E","level":1,"prior_prefix":"D"}},"ancestry":[{"id":49791,"edition_id":2,"name":"Directors and Officers","identifier":"9","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":11,"parent_id":49780,"metadata":{"child_laws":27,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:15:20","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:29:11","permalink":{"id":1378171,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":49791,"identifier":"9","token":"13.1\/9\/9","url":"\/13.1\/9\/9\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":49780,"edition_id":2,"name":"Virginia Stock Corporation Act","identifier":"9","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":12,"parent_id":49726,"metadata":{"child_laws":265,"child_structures":27},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:14:54","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:29:09","permalink":{"id":1377165,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":49780,"identifier":"9","token":"13.1\/9","url":"\/13.1\/9\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":49726,"edition_id":2,"name":"Corporations","identifier":"13.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":44,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":894,"child_structures":104},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:14:01","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:29:04","permalink":{"id":1374495,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":49726,"identifier":"13.1","token":"13.1","url":"\/13.1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":346811,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-673","catch_line":"Requirement for and duties of board of directors","url":"\/13.1-673\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-673","metadata":false},{"id":346812,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-674","catch_line":"Qualifications for directors or for nominees for director","url":"\/13.1-674\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-674","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":346813,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-675","catch_line":"Number and election of directors","url":"\/13.1-675\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-675","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"In Re Old Grind Co., Inc.","case_number":"19-70170","citation":"99 B.R. 317","date":"1989-05-25","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2012268\/in-re-old-grind-co-inc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 99 B.R. 317 (1989) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"United States Bankruptcy Court, W.D. Virginia"}}}},{"id":346814,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-676","catch_line":"Election of directors by certain classes or series of shares","url":"\/13.1-676\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-676","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":346815,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-677","catch_line":"Terms of directors generally","url":"\/13.1-677\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-677","metadata":false},{"id":346816,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-678","catch_line":"Staggered terms for directors","url":"\/13.1-678\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-678","metadata":false},{"id":346817,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-679","catch_line":"Resignation of directors","url":"\/13.1-679\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-679","metadata":false},{"id":346818,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-680","catch_line":"Removal of directors by shareholders","url":"\/13.1-680\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-680","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":346820,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-681","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/13.1-681\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-681","metadata":false},{"id":346819,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-681.1","catch_line":"Removal of directors by judicial proceeding","url":"\/13.1-681.1\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-681.1","metadata":false},{"id":346821,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-682","catch_line":"Vacancy on board of directors","url":"\/13.1-682\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-682","metadata":false},{"id":346822,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-683","catch_line":"Compensation of directors","url":"\/13.1-683\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-683","metadata":false},{"id":346823,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-684","catch_line":"Meetings of the board of directors","url":"\/13.1-684\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-684","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":346824,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-685","catch_line":"Action without meeting of board of directors","url":"\/13.1-685\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-685","metadata":false},{"id":346825,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-686","catch_line":"Notice of board of directors' meetings","url":"\/13.1-686\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-686","metadata":false},{"id":346826,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-687","catch_line":"Waiver of notice by director","url":"\/13.1-687\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-687","metadata":false},{"id":346827,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-688","catch_line":"Quorum and voting by directors","url":"\/13.1-688\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-688","metadata":false},{"id":346828,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-689","catch_line":"Committees","url":"\/13.1-689\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-689","metadata":false},{"id":346830,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-690","catch_line":"General standards of conduct for director","url":"\/13.1-690\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-690","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. Richmond A. Dellastatious, and Frank Romano v. Donald F. .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"00-1577","citation":"242 F.3d 191","date":"2001-02-22","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/772338\/richmond-a-dellastatious-and-frank-romano-v-donald-f-williams-ray\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 242 F.3d 191 (4th Cir. 2001) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"1":{"name":"Dellastatious v. Williams","case_number":"00-1577, 00-1595","citation":"242 F.3d 191","date":"2001-02-22","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2967340\/dellastatious-v-williams\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. OPINION .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"2":{"name":"Remora Investments, L.L.C. v. Orr","case_number":"Record 080313.","citation":"673 S.E.2d 845","date":"2009-02-27","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1058372\/remora-investments-llc-v-orr\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 673 S.E.2d 845 (2009) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"3":{"name":"Willard v. Moneta Building Supply, Inc.","case_number":"Record 981836","citation":"515 S.E.2d 277","date":"1999-06-11","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1059739\/willard-v-moneta-building-supply-inc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. JUSTICE KOONTZ, with whom JUSTICE HASSELL .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"4":{"name":"Wlr Foods, Inc. v. Tyson Foods, Inc.","case_number":"Civ. A. No. 94-0012-H","citation":"155 F.R.D. 136","date":"1994-04-25","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/9045584\/wlr-foods-inc-v-tyson-foods-inc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. MEMORANDUM OPINION .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, W.D. Virginia"},"5":{"name":"Berman v. Physical Medicine Associates, Ltd.","case_number":"99-1043","citation":"225 F.3d 429","date":"2000-08-23","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2967261\/berman-v-physical-medicine-associates-ltd\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. Affirmed by published opinion. Judge NIEMEYER wrote the opinion, in which Judge MICHAEL and Judge .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"6":{"name":"Matson v. Alpert (In re LandAmerica Financial Group, Inc.)","case_number":"Bankruptcy No. 08-35994; Adversary No. 11-03168","citation":"470 B.R. 759","date":"2012-03-01","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/8522215\/matson-v-alpert-in-re-landamerica-financial-group-inc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. MEMORANDUM OPINION .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"United States Bankruptcy Court, E.D. Virginia"},"7":{"name":"WLR Foods, Inc. v. Tyson Foods, Inc.","case_number":"Civ. A. 94-012-H","citation":"857 F. Supp. 492","date":"1994-06-01","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2008780\/wlr-foods-inc-v-tyson-foods-inc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 857 F.Supp. 492 (1994) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, W.D. Virginia"},"8":{"name":"Simmons v. Miller","case_number":"Record 000785","citation":"544 S.E.2d 666","date":"2001-04-20","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1059483\/simmons-v-miller\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 544 S.E.2d 666 (2001) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"9":{"name":"Commonwealth Transportation Commissioner v. Matyiko","case_number":"Record 960433","citation":"481 S.E.2d 468","date":"1997-01-10","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1060097\/commonwealth-transportation-commissioner-v-matyiko\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 481 S.E.2d 468 (1997) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"}}}},{"id":346829,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-690.1","catch_line":"Director of open-end management investment company deemed disinterested","url":"\/13.1-690.1\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-690.1","metadata":false},{"id":346832,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-691","catch_line":"Director conflict of interests","url":"\/13.1-691\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-691","metadata":false},{"id":346831,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-691.1","catch_line":"Business opportunities","url":"\/13.1-691.1\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-691.1","metadata":false},{"id":346834,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-692","catch_line":"Liability for unlawful distributions","url":"\/13.1-692\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-692","metadata":false},{"id":346833,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-692.1","catch_line":"Limitation on liability of officers and directors; exception","url":"\/13.1-692.1\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-692.1","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"Nos. 91-1873, 91-1874","case_number":"332","citation":"979 F.2d 332","date":"1993-04-07","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/594712\/nos-91-1873-91-1874\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 979 F.2d 332 .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"1":{"name":"Sandberg v. Virginia Bankshares, Inc.","case_number":"Nos. 91-1873, 91-1874","citation":"979 F.2d 332","date":"1992-10-21","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/9012782\/sandberg-v-virginia-bankshares-inc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. OPINION .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"2":{"name":"Sandberg v. Virginia Bankshares, Inc.","case_number":"Nos. 88-2658 to 88-2660, 88-2662 to 88-2664, 89-2903, 89-2904","citation":"891 F.2d 1112","date":"1989-12-15","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/8984088\/sandberg-v-virginia-bankshares-inc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. K.K. HALL, Circuit Judge: .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"3":{"name":"Matson v. Alpert (In re LandAmerica Financial Group, Inc.)","case_number":"Bankruptcy No. 08-35994; Adversary No. 11-03168","citation":"470 B.R. 759","date":"2012-03-01","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/8522215\/matson-v-alpert-in-re-landamerica-financial-group-inc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. MEMORANDUM OPINION .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"United States Bankruptcy Court, E.D. Virginia"},"4":{"name":"Commonwealth Transportation Commissioner v. Matyiko","case_number":"Record 960433","citation":"481 S.E.2d 468","date":"1997-01-10","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1060097\/commonwealth-transportation-commissioner-v-matyiko\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 481 S.E.2d 468 (1997) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"}}}},{"id":346835,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-693","catch_line":"Required officers","url":"\/13.1-693\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-693","metadata":false},{"id":346836,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-694","catch_line":"Duties of officers","url":"\/13.1-694\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-694","metadata":false},{"id":346837,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-695","catch_line":"Resignation and removal of officers","url":"\/13.1-695\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-695","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}}],"previous_section":{"id":346811,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-673","catch_line":"Requirement for and duties of board of directors","url":"\/13.1-673\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-673","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":346813,"structure_id":49791,"section_number":"13.1-675","catch_line":"Number and election of directors","url":"\/13.1-675\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-675","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"In Re Old Grind Co., Inc.","case_number":"19-70170","citation":"99 B.R. 317","date":"1989-05-25","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2012268\/in-re-old-grind-co-inc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 99 B.R. 317 (1989) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"United States Bankruptcy Court, W.D. Virginia"}}}},"metadata":{"court_decisions":""},"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/13.1-674\/","history_text":"<p>The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 5 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1956, chapter 428; in 1985, chapter 522; in 2012, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?121+ful+CHAP0706\">706<\/a>; in 2015, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?151+ful+CHAP0611\">611<\/a>; in 2019, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?191+ful+CHAP0734\">734<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1378177,"object_type":"law","relational_id":346812,"identifier":"13.1-674","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-674","url":"\/13.1-674\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/13.1-674\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-674","dublin_core":{"Title":"Qualifications for directors or for nominees for director","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 13.1-674","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">A.<\/span> The <span class=\"dictionary\">articles of incorporation<\/span> or bylaws may prescribe qualifications for directors or for nominees for director. <a id=\"paragraph-1293515\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/13.1-674\/#A\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"B\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">B.<\/span> A requirement that is based on a past, current, or prospective action, or on an expression of an <span class=\"dictionary\">opinion<\/span>, by a nominee or director that (i) relates to the discharge of a director&#8217;s duties and (ii) could limit the ability of the nominee or director to discharge his duties as a director is not a permissible qualification for a nominee or director under this section. Permissible qualifications for a nominee or director under this section include the <span class=\"dictionary\">person<\/span>&#8217;s not being or having been subject to specified criminal, civil, or regulatory <span class=\"dictionary\">sanctions<\/span> or not having been removed as a director by judicial action or for cause. <a id=\"paragraph-1293516\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/13.1-674\/#B\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"C\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">C.<\/span> A director need not be a resident of the Commonwealth or a <span class=\"dictionary\">shareholder<\/span> of the <span class=\"dictionary\">corporation<\/span> unless the <span class=\"dictionary\">articles of incorporation<\/span> or bylaws so prescribe. <a id=\"paragraph-1293517\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/13.1-674\/#C\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"D\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">D.<\/span> A qualification for nomination for director that is prescribed before a <span class=\"dictionary\">person<\/span>&#8217;s nomination shall apply to the <span class=\"dictionary\">person<\/span> at the time of his nomination. A qualification for nomination for director that is prescribed after a <span class=\"dictionary\">person<\/span>&#8217;s nomination shall not apply to that <span class=\"dictionary\">person<\/span> with respect to such nomination. <a id=\"paragraph-1293518\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/13.1-674\/#D\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"E\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">E.<\/span> A qualification for directors that is prescribed before a <span class=\"dictionary\">person<\/span>&#8217;s nomination for director may provide that it applies (i) only at the start of the director&#8217;s term or (ii) during that <span class=\"dictionary\">person<\/span>&#8217;s term as director. A qualification for directors prescribed during a director&#8217;s term shall not apply to that director prior to the end of that director&#8217;s term. <a id=\"paragraph-1293519\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/13.1-674\/#E\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nQUALIFICATIONS FOR DIRECTORS OR FOR NOMINEES FOR DIRECTOR (\u00a7 13.1-674)\n\nA. The articles of incorporation or bylaws may prescribe qualifications for\ndirectors or for nominees for director.\n\nB. A requirement that is based on a past, current, or prospective action, or on\nan expression of an opinion, by a nominee or director that (i) relates to the\ndischarge of a director&#8217;s duties and (ii) could limit the ability of the\nnominee or director to discharge his duties as a director is not a permissible\nqualification for a nominee or director under this section. Permissible\nqualifications for a nominee or director under this section include the\nperson&#8217;s not being or having been subject to specified criminal, civil, or\nregulatory sanctions or not having been removed as a director by judicial action\nor for cause.\n\nC. A director need not be a resident of the Commonwealth or a shareholder of the\ncorporation unless the articles of incorporation or bylaws so prescribe.\n\nD. A qualification for nomination for director that is prescribed before a\nperson&#8217;s nomination shall apply to the person at the time of his\nnomination. A qualification for nomination for director that is prescribed after\na person&#8217;s nomination shall not apply to that person with respect to such\nnomination.\n\nE. A qualification for directors that is prescribed before a person&#8217;s\nnomination for director may provide that it applies (i) only at the start of the\ndirector&#8217;s term or (ii) during that person&#8217;s term as director. A\nqualification for directors prescribed during a director&#8217;s term shall not\napply to that director prior to the end of that director&#8217;s term.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7 13.1-35; 1956, c. 428; 1985, c. 522; 2012, c. 706; 2015,\nc. 611; 2019, c. 734.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}