{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/13.1-346.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/13.1-346.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/13.1-346.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/13.1-346.html"}],"law_id":346614,"edition_id":2,"section_id":346614,"structure_id":49765,"section_number":"13.1-346","catch_line":"Definitions","history":"2020, c. 673.","full_text":"As used in this article:\n\n“Collective reserve account” means an account on the corporate books representing the worker cooperative’s entire net book value minus balances in any other equity accounts.\n\n“Member” means an individual who has been accepted for membership in, and owns a membership share issued by, a worker cooperative.\n\n“Membership fee” means an initial payment, if required by the articles of incorporation or bylaws of the worker cooperative, made by a worker to a worker cooperative as a condition of becoming a member.\n\n“Patronage” means the amount of work performed for a worker cooperative, measured in accordance with criteria set forth in the articles of incorporation or bylaws of the worker cooperative.\n\n“Worker” means an individual employed by a worker cooperative.\n\n“Worker cooperative” means a corporation incorporated under the provisions of Article 3 (\u00a7 13.1-618 et seq.) of Chapter 9 that has elected to be governed by this article.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1292499,"text":"As used in this article:","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"next_prefix":""},"1":{"id":1292500,"text":"“Collective reserve account” means an account on the corporate books representing the worker cooperative’s entire net book value minus balances in any other equity accounts.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":""},"2":{"id":1292501,"text":"“Member” means an individual who has been accepted for membership in, and owns a membership share issued by, a worker cooperative.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":""},"3":{"id":1292502,"text":"“Membership fee” means an initial payment, if required by the articles of incorporation or bylaws of the worker cooperative, made by a worker to a worker cooperative as a condition of becoming a member.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":""},"4":{"id":1292503,"text":"“Patronage” means the amount of work performed for a worker cooperative, measured in accordance with criteria set forth in the articles of incorporation or bylaws of the worker cooperative.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":""},"5":{"id":1292504,"text":"“Worker” means an individual employed by a worker cooperative.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":""},"6":{"id":1292505,"text":"“Worker cooperative” means a corporation incorporated under the provisions of Article 3 (\u00a7 13.1-618 et seq.) of Chapter 9 that has elected to be governed by this article.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"prior_prefix":""}},"ancestry":[{"id":49765,"edition_id":2,"name":"Worker Cooperatives","identifier":"3","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":3,"parent_id":49762,"metadata":{"child_laws":10,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:14:42","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:29:05","permalink":{"id":1376727,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":49765,"identifier":"3","token":"13.1\/3\/3","url":"\/13.1\/3\/3\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":49762,"edition_id":2,"name":"Cooperative Associations","identifier":"3","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":3,"parent_id":49726,"metadata":{"child_laws":60,"child_structures":3},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:14:34","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:29:05","permalink":{"id":1376521,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":49762,"identifier":"3","token":"13.1\/3","url":"\/13.1\/3\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":49726,"edition_id":2,"name":"Corporations","identifier":"13.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":44,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":894,"child_structures":104},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:14:01","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:29:04","permalink":{"id":1374495,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":49726,"identifier":"13.1","token":"13.1","url":"\/13.1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":346614,"structure_id":49765,"section_number":"13.1-346","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/13.1-346\/","token":"13.1\/3\/3\/13.1-346","metadata":false},{"id":346615,"structure_id":49765,"section_number":"13.1-347","catch_line":"Formation of worker cooperative; purpose","url":"\/13.1-347\/","token":"13.1\/3\/3\/13.1-347","metadata":false},{"id":346616,"structure_id":49765,"section_number":"13.1-348","catch_line":"Name","url":"\/13.1-348\/","token":"13.1\/3\/3\/13.1-348","metadata":false},{"id":346617,"structure_id":49765,"section_number":"13.1-349","catch_line":"Application of other laws","url":"\/13.1-349\/","token":"13.1\/3\/3\/13.1-349","metadata":false},{"id":346618,"structure_id":49765,"section_number":"13.1-350","catch_line":"Revocation of election to be governed as worker cooperative; limitation on mergers","url":"\/13.1-350\/","token":"13.1\/3\/3\/13.1-350","metadata":false},{"id":346619,"structure_id":49765,"section_number":"13.1-351","catch_line":"Qualifications of members; membership shares","url":"\/13.1-351\/","token":"13.1\/3\/3\/13.1-351","metadata":false},{"id":346620,"structure_id":49765,"section_number":"13.1-352","catch_line":"Voting rights","url":"\/13.1-352\/","token":"13.1\/3\/3\/13.1-352","metadata":false},{"id":346621,"structure_id":49765,"section_number":"13.1-353","catch_line":"Net earnings or losses; apportionment, distribution, and payment","url":"\/13.1-353\/","token":"13.1\/3\/3\/13.1-353","metadata":false},{"id":346622,"structure_id":49765,"section_number":"13.1-354","catch_line":"Internal capital accounts; redemption of shares; collective reserve account","url":"\/13.1-354\/","token":"13.1\/3\/3\/13.1-354","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"Trigon Insurance v. United States","case_number":"3:00cv365","citation":"215 F. Supp. 2d 687","date":"2002-08-09","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2503699\/trigon-insurance-v-united-states\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 215 F.Supp.2d 687 (2002) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, E.D. Virginia"}}}},{"id":346623,"structure_id":49765,"section_number":"13.1-355","catch_line":"Internal capital accounting","url":"\/13.1-355\/","token":"13.1\/3\/3\/13.1-355","metadata":false}],"next_section":{"id":346615,"structure_id":49765,"section_number":"13.1-347","catch_line":"Formation of worker cooperative; purpose","url":"\/13.1-347\/","token":"13.1\/3\/3\/13.1-347","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/13.1-346\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2020. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 673<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":[{"id":346566,"section_number":"13.1-301","catch_line":"Organization of cooperative associations; purposes; name; par value stock required","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-301\/"},{"id":346572,"section_number":"13.1-307","catch_line":"Permissible limitation of stock ownership or voting rights","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-307\/"},{"id":346573,"section_number":"13.1-308","catch_line":"Limitation of use of \"cooperative\" in corporate name","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-308\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":346744,"section_number":"13.1-618","catch_line":"Incorporators","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-618\/"}],"permalink":{"id":1376729,"object_type":"law","relational_id":346614,"identifier":"13.1-346","token":"13.1\/3\/3\/13.1-346","url":"\/13.1-346\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/13.1-346\/","token":"13.1\/3\/3\/13.1-346","dublin_core":{"Title":"Definitions","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 13.1-346","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

As used in this article:<\/p>

“Collective reserve account<\/span>” means an account on the corporate books representing the worker cooperative<\/span>’s entire net book value minus balances in any other equity<\/span> accounts.<\/p>

“Member<\/span>” means an individual who has been accepted for membership in, and owns a membership share issued by, a worker cooperative<\/span>.<\/p>

“Membership fee<\/span>” means an initial payment, if required by the articles of incorporation or bylaws of the worker cooperative<\/span>, made by a worker to a worker cooperative<\/span> as a condition of becoming a member<\/span>.<\/p>

“Patronage<\/span>” means the amount of work performed for a worker cooperative<\/span>, measured in accordance with criteria set forth in the articles of incorporation or bylaws of the worker cooperative<\/span>.<\/p>

“Worker” means an individual employed by a worker cooperative<\/span>.<\/p>

“Worker cooperative<\/span>” means a corporation incorporated under the provisions of Article 3 (\u00a7 13.1-618<\/a> et seq.) of Chapter 9 that has elected to be governed by this article.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nDEFINITIONS (\u00a7 13.1-346)\n\nAs used in this article:\n\n“Collective reserve account” means an account on the corporate books\nrepresenting the worker cooperative’s entire net book value minus balances\nin any other equity accounts.\n\n“Member” means an individual who has been accepted for membership\nin, and owns a membership share issued by, a worker cooperative.\n\n“Membership fee” means an initial payment, if required by the\narticles of incorporation or bylaws of the worker cooperative, made by a worker\nto a worker cooperative as a condition of becoming a member.\n\n“Patronage” means the amount of work performed for a worker\ncooperative, measured in accordance with criteria set forth in the articles of\nincorporation or bylaws of the worker cooperative.\n\n“Worker” means an individual employed by a worker cooperative.\n\n“Worker cooperative” means a corporation incorporated under the\nprovisions of Article 3 (\u00a7 13.1-618 et seq.) of Chapter 9 that has elected to\nbe governed by this article.\n\nHISTORY: 2020, c. 673.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}