{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/12.1-29.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/12.1-29.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/12.1-29.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/12.1-29.html"}],"law_id":346265,"edition_id":2,"section_id":346265,"structure_id":49725,"section_number":"12.1-29","catch_line":"Writs and process","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 12-56; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 157.","full_text":"All writs, processes, and orders of the Commission shall run in the name of the Commonwealth, and shall be attested by its clerk, and shall be directed to its bailiff, and may be served, executed, and returned by the said bailiff, in any city or county of this Commonwealth, or by the sheriff, or any constable, of any city or county in this Commonwealth within his bailiwick. All writs, notices, processes, or orders of the Commission may be served, executed, and returned in like manner and upon like persons or property as the processes, writs, notices, or orders of the courts of record of this Commonwealth, and when so served, executed, and returned shall have the like legal effect.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1290721,"text":"All writs, processes, and orders of the Commission shall run in the name of the Commonwealth, and shall be attested by its clerk, and shall be directed to its bailiff, and may be served, executed, and returned by the said bailiff, in any city or county of this Commonwealth, or by the sheriff, or any constable, of any city or county in this Commonwealth within his bailiwick. All writs, notices, processes, or orders of the Commission may be served, executed, and returned in like manner and upon like persons or property as the processes, writs, notices, or orders of the courts of record of this Commonwealth, and when so served, executed, and returned shall have the like legal effect.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":49725,"edition_id":2,"name":"Procedure Before the Commission and Appeals","identifier":"5","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":5,"parent_id":49720,"metadata":{"child_laws":20,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:13:58","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:29:04","permalink":{"id":1374413,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":49725,"identifier":"5","token":"12.1\/5","url":"\/12.1\/5\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":49720,"edition_id":2,"name":"State Corporation Commission","identifier":"12.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":42,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":49,"child_structures":5},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:13:55","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:29:04","permalink":{"id":1374287,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":49720,"identifier":"12.1","token":"12.1","url":"\/12.1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":346261,"structure_id":49725,"section_number":"12.1-25","catch_line":"Rules of practice and procedure","url":"\/12.1-25\/","token":"12.1\/5\/12.1-25","metadata":false},{"id":346262,"structure_id":49725,"section_number":"12.1-26","catch_line":"Public sessions","url":"\/12.1-26\/","token":"12.1\/5\/12.1-26","metadata":false},{"id":346263,"structure_id":49725,"section_number":"12.1-27","catch_line":"Commonwealth to be complainant, etc.; parties entitled to process","url":"\/12.1-27\/","token":"12.1\/5\/12.1-27","metadata":false},{"id":346264,"structure_id":49725,"section_number":"12.1-28","catch_line":"Notice and hearing","url":"\/12.1-28\/","token":"12.1\/5\/12.1-28","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"VYVX of Virginia, Inc. v. Cassell","case_number":"Record 990285","citation":"258 Va. 276","date":"1999-09-17","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1059716\/vyvx-of-virginia-inc-v-cassell\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. JUSTICE HASSELL .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"1":{"name":"Rates v. Electric","case_number":"Record No. 911318; Record No. 911319; Record No. 911320","citation":"243 Va. 320","date":"1992-02-28","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/6930028\/rates-v-electric\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. JUSTICE HASSELL .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"2":{"name":"Blinder, Robinson & Co. v. State Corp. Commission","case_number":"Records Nos. 831429, 831430, 831431, 831432 and 831433","citation":"227 Va. 24","date":"1984-03-09","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/6928045\/blinder-robinson-co-v-state-corp-commission\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. CARRICO, C.J., .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"3":{"name":"Virginia Electric & Power Co. v. State Corp. Commission","case_number":"Record 831040","citation":"312 S.E.2d 25","date":"1984-01-20","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1255730\/virginia-electric-power-co-v-state-corp-commission\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 312 S.E.2d 25 (1984) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"4":{"name":"Second National Bank of Culpeper v. New Bank of Culpeper","case_number":"Record 730989","citation":"210 S.E.2d 136","date":"1974-08-28","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1335743\/second-national-bank-of-culpeper-v-new-bank-of-culpeper\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 210 S.E.2d 136 (1974) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"5":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. American Bankers Life Assurance Co. of Florida v. Division .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"Records Nos. 791180, 791189, 791193, 791198 and 791200 to 791204","citation":"263 S.E.2d 867","date":"1980-02-29","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1323328\/american-bankers-life-assurance-co-of-florida-v-division-of-consumer\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 263 S.E.2d 867 (1980) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"6":{"name":"National Home Insurance v. State Corp. Commission","case_number":"Civ. A. No. 93-1006-A","citation":"838 F. Supp. 1104","date":"1993-12-03","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/8721694\/national-home-insurance-v-state-corp-commission\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. MEMORANDUM OPINION .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, E.D. Virginia"},"7":{"name":"Roanoke Gas Co. v. State Corp. Commission","case_number":"Record No. 820485","citation":"225 Va. 186","date":"1983-03-11","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/6927757\/roanoke-gas-co-v-state-corp-commission\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. STEPHENSON, J., .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"8":{"name":"Beneficial Finance Co. v. State Corp. Commission","case_number":"Record No. 850512","citation":"230 Va. 529","date":"1986-01-17","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/6928573\/beneficial-finance-co-v-state-corp-commission\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. THOMAS, J., .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"}}}},{"id":346265,"structure_id":49725,"section_number":"12.1-29","catch_line":"Writs and process","url":"\/12.1-29\/","token":"12.1\/5\/12.1-29","metadata":false},{"id":346268,"structure_id":49725,"section_number":"12.1-30","catch_line":"Rules of evidence to be as in courts of record","url":"\/12.1-30\/","token":"12.1\/5\/12.1-30","metadata":false},{"id":346267,"structure_id":49725,"section_number":"12.1-30.1","catch_line":"Meetings and communications between commissioners and parties or staff","url":"\/12.1-30.1\/","token":"12.1\/5\/12.1-30.1","metadata":false},{"id":346269,"structure_id":49725,"section_number":"12.1-31","catch_line":"Hearing examiners; powers and duties; reports to be furnished to parties; responses by parties","url":"\/12.1-31\/","token":"12.1\/5\/12.1-31","metadata":false},{"id":346270,"structure_id":49725,"section_number":"12.1-32","catch_line":"Costs, fees, and expenses","url":"\/12.1-32\/","token":"12.1\/5\/12.1-32","metadata":false},{"id":346271,"structure_id":49725,"section_number":"12.1-33","catch_line":"Fine for disobedience of Commission orders","url":"\/12.1-33\/","token":"12.1\/5\/12.1-33","metadata":false},{"id":346272,"structure_id":49725,"section_number":"12.1-34","catch_line":"Punishment for contempt","url":"\/12.1-34\/","token":"12.1\/5\/12.1-34","metadata":false},{"id":346273,"structure_id":49725,"section_number":"12.1-35","catch_line":"Judgments to be in favor of Commonwealth","url":"\/12.1-35\/","token":"12.1\/5\/12.1-35","metadata":false},{"id":346274,"structure_id":49725,"section_number":"12.1-36","catch_line":"Time judgment takes effect; interest","url":"\/12.1-36\/","token":"12.1\/5\/12.1-36","metadata":false},{"id":346275,"structure_id":49725,"section_number":"12.1-37","catch_line":"Lien of judgment; docketing","url":"\/12.1-37\/","token":"12.1\/5\/12.1-37","metadata":false},{"id":346276,"structure_id":49725,"section_number":"12.1-38","catch_line":"Concurrent jurisdiction of Commission and courts","url":"\/12.1-38\/","token":"12.1\/5\/12.1-38","metadata":false},{"id":346277,"structure_id":49725,"section_number":"12.1-39","catch_line":"Appeals generally","url":"\/12.1-39\/","token":"12.1\/5\/12.1-39","metadata":false},{"id":346279,"structure_id":49725,"section_number":"12.1-40","catch_line":"Method of taking and prosecuting appeals","url":"\/12.1-40\/","token":"12.1\/5\/12.1-40","metadata":false},{"id":346280,"structure_id":49725,"section_number":"12.1-41","catch_line":"Petitions for writs of supersedeas","url":"\/12.1-41\/","token":"12.1\/5\/12.1-41","metadata":false},{"id":346281,"structure_id":49725,"section_number":"12.1-42","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/12.1-42\/","token":"12.1\/5\/12.1-42","metadata":false},{"id":346282,"structure_id":49725,"section_number":"12.1-43","catch_line":"Tax assessments, registration fee assessments, report forms, and correspondence mailed by Commission deemed delivered","url":"\/12.1-43\/","token":"12.1\/5\/12.1-43","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":346264,"structure_id":49725,"section_number":"12.1-28","catch_line":"Notice and hearing","url":"\/12.1-28\/","token":"12.1\/5\/12.1-28","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"VYVX of Virginia, Inc. v. Cassell","case_number":"Record 990285","citation":"258 Va. 276","date":"1999-09-17","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1059716\/vyvx-of-virginia-inc-v-cassell\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. JUSTICE HASSELL .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"1":{"name":"Rates v. Electric","case_number":"Record No. 911318; Record No. 911319; Record No. 911320","citation":"243 Va. 320","date":"1992-02-28","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/6930028\/rates-v-electric\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. JUSTICE HASSELL .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"2":{"name":"Blinder, Robinson & Co. v. State Corp. Commission","case_number":"Records Nos. 831429, 831430, 831431, 831432 and 831433","citation":"227 Va. 24","date":"1984-03-09","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/6928045\/blinder-robinson-co-v-state-corp-commission\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. CARRICO, C.J., .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"3":{"name":"Virginia Electric & Power Co. v. State Corp. Commission","case_number":"Record 831040","citation":"312 S.E.2d 25","date":"1984-01-20","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1255730\/virginia-electric-power-co-v-state-corp-commission\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 312 S.E.2d 25 (1984) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"4":{"name":"Second National Bank of Culpeper v. New Bank of Culpeper","case_number":"Record 730989","citation":"210 S.E.2d 136","date":"1974-08-28","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1335743\/second-national-bank-of-culpeper-v-new-bank-of-culpeper\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 210 S.E.2d 136 (1974) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"5":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. American Bankers Life Assurance Co. of Florida v. Division .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"Records Nos. 791180, 791189, 791193, 791198 and 791200 to 791204","citation":"263 S.E.2d 867","date":"1980-02-29","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1323328\/american-bankers-life-assurance-co-of-florida-v-division-of-consumer\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 263 S.E.2d 867 (1980) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"6":{"name":"National Home Insurance v. State Corp. Commission","case_number":"Civ. A. No. 93-1006-A","citation":"838 F. Supp. 1104","date":"1993-12-03","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/8721694\/national-home-insurance-v-state-corp-commission\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. MEMORANDUM OPINION .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, E.D. Virginia"},"7":{"name":"Roanoke Gas Co. v. State Corp. Commission","case_number":"Record No. 820485","citation":"225 Va. 186","date":"1983-03-11","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/6927757\/roanoke-gas-co-v-state-corp-commission\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. STEPHENSON, J., .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"8":{"name":"Beneficial Finance Co. v. State Corp. Commission","case_number":"Record No. 850512","citation":"230 Va. 529","date":"1986-01-17","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/6928573\/beneficial-finance-co-v-state-corp-commission\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. THOMAS, J., .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"}}}},"next_section":{"id":346268,"structure_id":49725,"section_number":"12.1-30","catch_line":"Rules of evidence to be as in courts of record","url":"\/12.1-30\/","token":"12.1\/5\/12.1-30","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/12.1-29\/","history_text":false,"references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1374431,"object_type":"law","relational_id":346265,"identifier":"12.1-29","token":"12.1\/5\/12.1-29","url":"\/12.1-29\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/12.1-29\/","token":"12.1\/5\/12.1-29","dublin_core":{"Title":"Writs and process","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 12.1-29","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>All <span class=\"dictionary\">writs<\/span>, processes, and <span class=\"dictionary\">orders<\/span> of the Commission shall run in the name of the Commonwealth, and shall be attested by its clerk, and shall be directed to its <span class=\"dictionary\">bailiff<\/span>, and may be served, executed, and returned by the said <span class=\"dictionary\">bailiff<\/span>, in any city or county of this Commonwealth, or by the sheriff, or any constable, of any city or county in this Commonwealth within his bailiwick. All <span class=\"dictionary\">writs<\/span>, notices, processes, or <span class=\"dictionary\">orders<\/span> of the Commission may be served, executed, and returned in like manner and upon like persons or property as the processes, <span class=\"dictionary\">writs<\/span>, notices, or <span class=\"dictionary\">orders<\/span> of the <span class=\"dictionary\">courts<\/span> of record of this Commonwealth, and when so served, executed, and returned shall have the like legal effect.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nWRITS AND PROCESS (\u00a7 12.1-29)\n\nAll writs, processes, and orders of the Commission shall run in the name of the\nCommonwealth, and shall be attested by its clerk, and shall be directed to its\nbailiff, and may be served, executed, and returned by the said bailiff, in any\ncity or county of this Commonwealth, or by the sheriff, or any constable, of any\ncity or county in this Commonwealth within his bailiwick. All writs, notices,\nprocesses, or orders of the Commission may be served, executed, and returned in\nlike manner and upon like persons or property as the processes, writs, notices,\nor orders of the courts of record of this Commonwealth, and when so served,\nexecuted, and returned shall have the like legal effect.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7 12-56; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 157.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}