{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/1-239.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/1-239.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/1-239.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/1-239.html"}],"law_id":345240,"edition_id":2,"section_id":345240,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-239","catch_line":"Repeal not to affect liabilities; mitigation of punishment","history":"Code 1919, \u00a7 6, \u00a7 1-16; 2005, c. 839.","full_text":"No new act of the General Assembly shall be construed to repeal a former law, as to any offense committed against the former law, or as to any act done, any penalty, forfeiture, or punishment incurred, or any right accrued, or claim arising under the former law, or in any way whatever to affect any such offense or act so committed or done, or any penalty, forfeiture, or punishment so incurred, or any right accrued, or claim arising before the new act of the General Assembly takes effect; except that the proceedings thereafter held shall conform, so far as practicable, to the laws in force at the time of such proceedings; and if any penalty, forfeiture, or punishment be mitigated by any provision of the new act of the General Assembly, such provision may, with the consent of the party affected, be applied to any judgment pronounced after the new act of the General Assembly takes effect.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1287210,"text":"No new act of the General Assembly shall be construed to repeal a former law, as to any offense committed against the former law, or as to any act done, any penalty, forfeiture, or punishment incurred, or any right accrued, or claim arising under the former law, or in any way whatever to affect any such offense or act so committed or done, or any penalty, forfeiture, or punishment so incurred, or any right accrued, or claim arising before the new act of the General Assembly takes effect; except that the proceedings thereafter held shall conform, so far as practicable, to the laws in force at the time of such proceedings; and if any penalty, forfeiture, or punishment be mitigated by any provision of the new act of the General Assembly, such provision may, with the consent of the party affected, be applied to any judgment pronounced after the new act of the General Assembly takes effect.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":49577,"edition_id":2,"name":"Rules of Construction and Definitions","identifier":"2","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":2,"parent_id":49575,"metadata":{"child_laws":61,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:11:29","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:26:44","permalink":{"id":1369863,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":49577,"identifier":"2","token":"1\/2.1\/2","url":"\/1\/2.1\/2\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":49575,"edition_id":2,"name":"Common Law and Rules of Construction","identifier":"2.1","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":2,"parent_id":49571,"metadata":{"child_laws":63,"child_structures":2},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:11:28","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:26:43","permalink":{"id":1369851,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":49575,"identifier":"2.1","token":"1\/2.1","url":"\/1\/2.1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":49571,"edition_id":2,"name":"General Provisions","identifier":"1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":122,"child_structures":12},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:11:27","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:26:43","permalink":{"id":1369801,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":49571,"identifier":"1","token":"1","url":"\/1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":345199,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-202","catch_line":"General rule of construction","url":"\/1-202\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-202","metadata":false},{"id":345200,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-203","catch_line":"Adult","url":"\/1-203\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-203","metadata":false},{"id":345201,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-204","catch_line":"Age of majority","url":"\/1-204\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-204","metadata":false},{"id":345202,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-205","catch_line":"Bond with surety","url":"\/1-205\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-205","metadata":false},{"id":345203,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-206","catch_line":"Certified mail equivalent to registered mail; certain subsequent mail or notice may be sent by regular mail","url":"\/1-206\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-206","metadata":false},{"id":345204,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-207","catch_line":"Child; juvenile; minor; infant","url":"\/1-207\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-207","metadata":false},{"id":345206,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-208","catch_line":"City","url":"\/1-208\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-208","metadata":false},{"id":345205,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-208.1","catch_line":"Carbon-free energy; clean energy","url":"\/1-208.1\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-208.1","metadata":false},{"id":345207,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-209","catch_line":"Collegial body","url":"\/1-209\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-209","metadata":false},{"id":345208,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-210","catch_line":"Computation of time","url":"\/1-210\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-210","metadata":false},{"id":345210,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-211","catch_line":"Constitutional references","url":"\/1-211\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-211","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"Pound v. Department of Game & Inland Fisheries","case_number":"1767023","citation":"577 S.E.2d 533","date":"2003-03-11","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1064332\/pound-v-department-of-game-inland-fisheries\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 577 S.E.2d 533 (2003) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"1":{"name":"Garraghty v. Virginia Retirement System","case_number":"0695042","citation":"608 S.E.2d 477","date":"2005-02-01","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1063602\/garraghty-v-virginia-retirement-system\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 608 S.E.2d 477 (2005) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"2":{"name":"Cox Ex Rel. Estate of Cox v. Shalala","case_number":"95-2915","citation":"112 F.3d 151","date":"1997-04-22","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2966613\/cox-ex-rel-estate-of-cox-v-shalala\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. Affirmed by published opinion. Judge HAMILTON wrote the opinion, in which Judge WILKINS and Judge .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"3":{"name":"Reid v. Reid","case_number":"Record 921001","citation":"429 S.E.2d 208","date":"1993-04-16","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1289347\/reid-v-reid\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 429 S.E.2d 208 (1993) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"4":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. United States v. American Target Advertising,incorporated .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"00-1384","citation":"257 F.3d 348","date":"2001-07-11","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/774036\/united-states-v-american-target-advertisingincorporated-viguerie-and\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. Affirmed by published opinion. Judge KING wrote the opinion, in which Judge WILKINS and Senior Judge .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"5":{"name":"United States v. American Target","case_number":"00-1384","citation":null,"date":"2001-07-11","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2967449\/united-states-v-american-target\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. PUBLISHED .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"6":{"name":"Southern Blasting Services, Inc. v. Wilkes County","case_number":"01-2098","citation":"288 F.3d 584","date":"2002-04-29","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2967564\/southern-blasting-services-inc-v-wilkes-county\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. Affirmed by published opinion. Chief Judge WILKINSON wrote the opinion, in which Judge WILLIAMS and .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"7":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. Southern Blasting Services, Incorporated v. Wilkes County, .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"01-2098","citation":"288 F.3d 584","date":"2002-04-29","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/777476\/southern-blasting-services-incorporated-v-wilkes-county-north-carolina\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 288 F.3d 584 .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"8":{"name":"Fadely v. Commonwealth","case_number":"Record 6482","citation":"208 Va. 198","date":"1967-09-08","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1351294\/fadely-v-commonwealth\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 208 Va. 198 (1967) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"9":{"name":"David Verner Tousley v. North American Van Lines, Inc.","case_number":"84-1226","citation":"752 F.2d 96","date":"1985-01-10","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/446556\/david-verner-tousley-v-north-american-van-lines-inc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. *99 .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"}}}},{"id":345209,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-211.1","catch_line":"Courthouse; posting of notices","url":"\/1-211.1\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-211.1","metadata":false},{"id":345211,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-212","catch_line":"Courts of record","url":"\/1-212\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-212","metadata":false},{"id":345212,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-213","catch_line":"Delegation of duties assigned to political subdivision","url":"\/1-213\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-213","metadata":false},{"id":345213,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-214","catch_line":"Effective dates","url":"\/1-214\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-214","metadata":false},{"id":345214,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-215","catch_line":"Ex officio","url":"\/1-215\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-215","metadata":false},{"id":345215,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-216","catch_line":"Gender","url":"\/1-216\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-216","metadata":false},{"id":345216,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-217","catch_line":"Headlines of sections","url":"\/1-217\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-217","metadata":false},{"id":345217,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-218","catch_line":"Includes","url":"\/1-218\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-218","metadata":false},{"id":345219,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-219","catch_line":"Land; real estate","url":"\/1-219\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-219","metadata":false},{"id":345218,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-219.1","catch_line":"Limitations on eminent domain","url":"\/1-219.1\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-219.1","metadata":false},{"id":345220,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-220","catch_line":"Local ordinances incorporating state law by reference","url":"\/1-220\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-220","metadata":false},{"id":345221,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-221","catch_line":"Locality","url":"\/1-221\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-221","metadata":false},{"id":345223,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-222","catch_line":"Majority authority","url":"\/1-222\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-222","metadata":false},{"id":345222,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-222.1","catch_line":"Manufacturer","url":"\/1-222.1\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-222.1","metadata":false},{"id":345224,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-223","catch_line":"Month; year","url":"\/1-223\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-223","metadata":false},{"id":345225,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-224","catch_line":"Municipality; incorporated communities; municipal corporation","url":"\/1-224\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-224","metadata":false},{"id":345226,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-225","catch_line":"Nonlegislative citizen member","url":"\/1-225\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-225","metadata":false},{"id":345227,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-226","catch_line":"Notary","url":"\/1-226\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-226","metadata":false},{"id":345228,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-227","catch_line":"Number","url":"\/1-227\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-227","metadata":false},{"id":345229,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-228","catch_line":"Oath","url":"\/1-228\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-228","metadata":false},{"id":345230,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-229","catch_line":"Optional form of county government; effect of change in form","url":"\/1-229\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-229","metadata":false},{"id":345231,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-230","catch_line":"Person","url":"\/1-230\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-230","metadata":false},{"id":345232,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-231","catch_line":"When \"person\" includes business trust and limited liability company","url":"\/1-231\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-231","metadata":false},{"id":345233,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-232","catch_line":"Person under disability","url":"\/1-232\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-232","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"Sheppard v. Early","case_number":"99-6048","citation":null,"date":"1999-02-17","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2966964\/sheppard-v-early\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. Filed:   February 17, 1999 .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"1":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. Mark A. Sheppard v. Mark L. Early, Individually and in His .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"99-6048","citation":"168 F.3d 689","date":"1999-01-19","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/762031\/mark-a-sheppard-v-mark-l-early-individually-and-in-his-capacity-as\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. Affirmed by unpublished opinion. Judge WILKINS wrote the opinion, in which Chief Judge WILKINSON and .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"2":{"name":"Orbe v. Johnson, Director Va Dept. of Corrections (Order)","case_number":"Record 040598; Circuit Court CH-04-419-1","citation":"267 Va. 560","date":"2004-03-30","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1059109\/orbe-v-johnson-director-va-dept-of-corrections-order\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. By order dated February 12, 2004, the Circuit Court of York County directed that the sentence of .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"3":{"name":"Davidson v. Commonwealth","case_number":"Record 930154","citation":"432 S.E.2d 178","date":"1993-06-11","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1202468\/davidson-v-commonwealth\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 432 S.E.2d 178 (1993) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"4":{"name":"Walthall v. Commonwealth","case_number":"0851-85","citation":"353 S.E.2d 169","date":"1987-02-17","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1393433\/walthall-v-commonwealth\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 3 Va.App. 674 (1987) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"5":{"name":"Department of Corrections v. Surovell","case_number":"141780","citation":null,"date":"2015-09-17","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/3150557\/department-of-corrections-v-surovell\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. PRESENT: Lemons, C.J., Goodwyn, Mims, McClanahan, Powell, and Kelsey, JJ., and Millette, .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"6":{"name":"Radiance Capital v. Foster","case_number":"180678","citation":null,"date":"2019-10-24","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/4672452\/radiance-capital-v-foster\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. PRESENT: All the Justices .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"7":{"name":"Department of Corrections v. Surovell","case_number":"Record 141780.","citation":"776 S.E.2d 579","date":"2015-09-17","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2959683\/department-of-corrections-v-surovell\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. Opinion by Justice CLEO E. POWELL. .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"8":{"name":"Commonwealth Transportation Comm'r v. Glass","case_number":"042192","citation":null,"date":"2005-06-09","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1058949\/commonwealth-transportation-commr-v-glass\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. PRESENT: All the Justices .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"9":{"name":"Slaey v. Harrington (In re Slaey)","case_number":"Bankruptcy No. 13-10541-RGM; Civil Action No. 1:14cv1210","citation":"539 B.R. 500","date":"2015-09-01","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/8338762\/slaey-v-harrington-in-re-slaey\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. MEMORANDUM OPINION .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, E.D. Virginia"}}}},{"id":345234,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-233","catch_line":"Personal estate","url":"\/1-233\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-233","metadata":false},{"id":345235,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-234","catch_line":"Personal representative","url":"\/1-234\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-234","metadata":false},{"id":345236,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-235","catch_line":"Population; inhabitants","url":"\/1-235\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-235","metadata":false},{"id":345237,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-236","catch_line":"Population classifications","url":"\/1-236\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-236","metadata":false},{"id":345238,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-237","catch_line":"Process","url":"\/1-237\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-237","metadata":false},{"id":345239,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-238","catch_line":"Reenacted","url":"\/1-238\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-238","metadata":false},{"id":345240,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-239","catch_line":"Repeal not to affect liabilities; mitigation of punishment","url":"\/1-239\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-239","metadata":false},{"id":345242,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-240","catch_line":"Repeal not to revive former act","url":"\/1-240\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-240","metadata":false},{"id":345241,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-240.1","catch_line":"Rights of parents","url":"\/1-240.1\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-240.1","metadata":false},{"id":345243,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-241","catch_line":"Seal","url":"\/1-241\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-241","metadata":false},{"id":345244,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-242","catch_line":"Senate Committee on Privileges and Elections","url":"\/1-242\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-242","metadata":false},{"id":345245,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-243","catch_line":"Severability","url":"\/1-243\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-243","metadata":false},{"id":345246,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-244","catch_line":"Short title citations","url":"\/1-244\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-244","metadata":false},{"id":345247,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-245","catch_line":"State","url":"\/1-245\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-245","metadata":false},{"id":345248,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-246","catch_line":"Stricken language or italics","url":"\/1-246\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-246","metadata":false},{"id":345249,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-247","catch_line":"Summaries of legislation","url":"\/1-247\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-247","metadata":false},{"id":345250,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-248","catch_line":"Supremacy of federal and state law","url":"\/1-248\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-248","metadata":false},{"id":345251,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-249","catch_line":"Supreme Court","url":"\/1-249\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-249","metadata":false},{"id":345252,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-250","catch_line":"Swear; sworn","url":"\/1-250\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-250","metadata":false},{"id":345253,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-251","catch_line":"Systems of state highways","url":"\/1-251\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-251","metadata":false},{"id":345254,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-252","catch_line":"Tier-city","url":"\/1-252\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-252","metadata":false},{"id":345255,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-253","catch_line":"Time zone","url":"\/1-253\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-253","metadata":false},{"id":345256,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-254","catch_line":"Town","url":"\/1-254\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-254","metadata":false},{"id":345257,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-255","catch_line":"United States","url":"\/1-255\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-255","metadata":false},{"id":345258,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-256","catch_line":"Weights and measurements; metric equivalents","url":"\/1-256\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-256","metadata":false},{"id":345259,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-257","catch_line":"Written; writing; in writing","url":"\/1-257\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-257","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":345239,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-238","catch_line":"Reenacted","url":"\/1-238\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-238","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":345242,"structure_id":49577,"section_number":"1-240","catch_line":"Repeal not to revive former act","url":"\/1-240\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-240","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/1-239\/","history_text":"<p>The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2005, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?051+ful+CHAP0839\">839<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1370029,"object_type":"law","relational_id":345240,"identifier":"1-239","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-239","url":"\/1-239\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/1-239\/","token":"1\/2.1\/2\/1-239","dublin_core":{"Title":"Repeal not to affect liabilities; mitigation of punishment","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 1-239","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>No new act of the General Assembly shall be construed to repeal a former <span class=\"dictionary\">law<\/span>, as to any <span class=\"dictionary\">offense<\/span> committed against the former <span class=\"dictionary\">law<\/span>, or as to any act done, any <span class=\"dictionary\">penalty<\/span>, forfeiture, or punishment incurred, or any right accrued, or claim arising under the former <span class=\"dictionary\">law<\/span>, or in any way whatever to affect any such <span class=\"dictionary\">offense<\/span> or act so committed or done, or any <span class=\"dictionary\">penalty<\/span>, forfeiture, or punishment so incurred, or any right accrued, or claim arising before the new act of the General Assembly takes effect; except that the proceedings thereafter held shall conform, so far as practicable, to the <span class=\"dictionary\">laws<\/span> in force at the time of such proceedings; and if any <span class=\"dictionary\">penalty<\/span>, forfeiture, or punishment be mitigated by any provision of the new act of the General Assembly, such provision may, with the consent of the <span class=\"dictionary\">party<\/span> affected, be applied to any <span class=\"dictionary\">judgment<\/span> pronounced after the new act of the General Assembly takes effect.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nREPEAL NOT TO AFFECT LIABILITIES; MITIGATION OF PUNISHMENT (\u00a7 1-239)\n\nNo new act of the General Assembly shall be construed to repeal a former law, as\nto any offense committed against the former law, or as to any act done, any\npenalty, forfeiture, or punishment incurred, or any right accrued, or claim\narising under the former law, or in any way whatever to affect any such offense\nor act so committed or done, or any penalty, forfeiture, or punishment so\nincurred, or any right accrued, or claim arising before the new act of the\nGeneral Assembly takes effect; except that the proceedings thereafter held shall\nconform, so far as practicable, to the laws in force at the time of such\nproceedings; and if any penalty, forfeiture, or punishment be mitigated by any\nprovision of the new act of the General Assembly, such provision may, with the\nconsent of the party affected, be applied to any judgment pronounced after the\nnew act of the General Assembly takes effect.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1919, \u00a7 6, \u00a7 1-16; 2005, c. 839.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}